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Linux NET-2/NET-3 HOWTO Chinese Version v2.7
Linux ÖÐÎÄÎļþ·ÅËÍ×éÖ¯(play one)
Linux Chinese Document Broadcasting Organization (LCDBO)
ËÕ×ÓÕÜ Jerry Su, su@linux1.thu.edu.tw (keyin)
ÎâÙ§´ï Allen Wu, da@linux1.thu.edu.tw (keyin & УÕý)
Jun 27, 1995
ÔÖø : Linux NET-2/NET-3 HOWTO
Terry Dawson, terryd@extro.ucc.su.oz.au
v2.7, 08 Oct 1994
¡õ ¸ÙÄ¿ ¡õ
1. ¼ò½é
2. ÉùÃ÷
3. Questions already ?
4. Ïà¹ØÎļþ
5. NET-2/NET-3 ÓÐÖ§Ô®µÄ¹¦ÄÜ
6. È¡µÃ NET-2/NET-3 ÈíÌå
7. É趨(configuring) kernel
8. É趨Íø·É豸(Network Devices)
9. Routing(Ç¿ÖƵÄ)
10. É趨(Configuring) network µÄ daemons
11. ¸ß¼¶µÄ Configurations.
12. ʵÑéÖм°·¢Õ¹ÖÐµÄ modules
13. һЩ FAQ ¼°¼òÒªµÄ´ð°¸
14. ÒÑÖªµÄ Bugs
15. Öø×÷ȨÉùÃ÷
16. ÆäËû ¼° Acknowledgements.
¡õ ϸĿ ¡õ
1. ¼ò½é
1.1. ×ÔÉÏÒ»°æÒÔÀ´¸Ä±äµÄµØ·½
1.2. Linux Íø·µÄ·¢Õ¹¼òÊ·
2. ÉùÃ÷
3. Questions already ?
4. Ïà¹ØÎļþ
4.1. Õâ·ÝÎļþµÄ°æ±¾
4.2. »ØÀ¡
5. NET-2/NET-3 ÓÐÖ§Ô®µÄ¹¦ÄÜ
5.1. ÒÑÖ§Ô®µÄ Ethernet cards.
6. È¡µÃ NET-2/NET-3 ÈíÌå
6.1. kernel Ôʼ³Ìʽ
6.2. libraries (º¯Ê½¿â)
6.3. Íø·É趨(configuration)¹¤¾ß¼¯
6.4. Íø·ӦÓóÌʽ
6.5. ÆäËûµÄ drivers »ò packages.
7. É趨(configuring) kernel
8. É趨(configuring)Íø·É豸(Network Devices)
8.1. Configuring /dev Ŀ¼ÏÂÌØÊâµÄ device µµ
8.2. ÔÚÎÒ¿ªÊ¼Ö®Ç°ÐèҪʲô×ÊѶ ?
8.2.1. IP Address.
8.2.2. Network Mask (`netmask').
8.2.3. Network Address.
8.2.4. Broadcast Address.
8.2.5. Router (`Gateway') Address.
8.2.6. Nameserver Address.
8.2.7. SLIP/PLIP/PPP ʹÓÃÕßÇë×¢Òâ !
8.3. /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1,2 »ò /etc/rc.net
8.3.1. rc.inet1
8.3.1.1. ifconfig
8.3.1.2. route
8.3.2. rc.inet2
8.4. É趨 Loopback device (Ç¿ÖÆÑ¡ÓÃ)¡£
8.5. É趨 ethernet device. (Ñ¡Ïî)
8.6. É趨 SLIP device (Ñ¡Ïî)
8.6.1. dip
8.6.2. slattach
8.6.3. ʲôʱºòÎÒÒªÓÃʲô?
8.6.4. Static slip server with a dialup line and DIP.
8.6.5. Dynamic slip server with a dialup line and DIP.
8.6.6. ʹÓà DIP.
8.6.7. Permanent slip connection using a leased line and slattach.
8.7. É趨 PLIP device. (Ñ¡Ïî)
8.7.1. PLIP ½Ó½Åͼ
9. Routing(Ç¿ÖƵÄ)
9.1. Static/Manual(ÊÖ¶¯µÄ) Routes.
9.2. ÄÚ¶¨ Route.
9.3. Proxy ARP.
9.4. gated - the routing daemon.
9.4.1. È¡µÃ gated
9.4.2. °²×° gated
10. É趨(Configuring) network µÄ daemons
10.1. /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2 (rc.net µÄºó°ë¶Î)
10.1.1. inetd.
10.1.2. syslogd.
10.2. Ò»¸ö rc.inet2 ·¶Àýµµ
10.3. Name Resolution.
10.3.1. /etc/hosts
10.3.2. named - ÎÒÐèÒªÂð ?
10.3.3. /etc/networks
10.3.4. /etc/host.conf
10.3.5. /etc/resolv.conf
10.3.6. É趨×Ô¼ºµÄ Hostname - /etc/HOSTNAME
10.4. ÆäËûµµ°¸
11. ¸ß¼¶µÄ Configurations.
11.1. PPP - Point to Point Protocol(µã¶ÔµãͨѶж¨)
11.1.1. ΪºÎÎÒҪʹÓà PPP ´úÌæ SLIP ?
11.1.2. ºÎ´¦¿ÉÈ¡µÃ PPP ÈíÌå ?
11.1.3. °²×° PPP ÈíÌå
11.1.3.1. The kernel driver.
11.1.3.2. pppd
11.1.4. Configuring and using the PPP software.
11.1.4.1. Configuring a PPP client by dial-up modem.
11.1.4.2. Configuring a PPP client via a leased line.
11.1.4.3. Configuring a PPP server.
11.1.5. Where to obtain more information on PPP, or report bugs.
11.2. Configuring Linux as a Slip Server.
11.2.1. Slip Server using sliplogin
11.2.1.1. Where to get sliplogin
11.2.1.2. Configuring /etc/passwd for Slip hosts.
11.2.1.3. Configuring /etc/slip.hosts
11.2.1.4. Configuring the /etc/slip.login file.
11.2.1.5. Configuring the /etc/slip.logout file.
11.2.2. Slip Server using dip.
11.2.2.1. Configuring /etc/net/diphosts
11.3. ʹÓà Automounter Daemon - AMD.
11.3.1. ʲôÊÇ automounter, ΪºÎÎÒҪʹÓÃÕâÖÖ¶«Î÷ßÖ ?
11.3.2. ºÎ´¦È¡µÃ AMD(AutoMounter Daemon)
11.3.3. An example AMD configuration.
11.4. °Ñ Linux µ±×÷Ò»¸ö router
12. ʵÑéÖм°·¢Õ¹ÖÐµÄ modules
12.1. AX.25 - ÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçÍæ¼ÒµÄͨѶж¨
12.1.1. ºÎ´¦È¡µÃ AX.25 ÈíÌå¡£
12.1.2. °²×° AX.25 software.
12.1.2.1. The kernel drivers.
12.1.2.2. The user programs.
12.1.3. É趨¼°Ê¹Óà AX.25 ÈíÌå
12.2. Z8530 SCC driver.
12.3. Ottawa PI/PI2 card driver.
12.4. NIS - Sun Network Information System.
12.5. snmp agent.
12.6. Experimental ARCNet driver
12.7. ʵÑéÐ﵀ Token Ring driver
12.8. V.35 ½çÃæ°å
12.9. Slip ÌײÍÈíÌå
12.10. tcpdump ¹¤¾ß³Ìʽ
13. һЩ FAQ ¼°¼òÒªµÄ´ð°¸
13.1. Ò»°ãÎÊÌâ
13.2. ´íÎóѶϢ
13.3. Routing µÄÎÊÌâ
13.4. ʹÓÃÍø·µµ°¸ÏµÍ³(NFS, Network File System):
13.5. SLIP µÄÎÊÌâ:
14. ÒÑÖªµÄ Bugs
15. Öø×÷ȨÉùÃ÷
16. ÆäËû ¼° Acknowledgements.
Õâ·ÝÎļþÖ÷ÒªÊÇÔÚ½â˵ÈçºÎÈ¡µÃ¡¢°²×°¼°É趨(configure) Linux NET-2 ¼°
NET-3 Íø·ÈíÌå¡£Ò²°üº¬ÁËһЩ FAQ µÄ´ð°¸¡£
1. ¼ò½é
ÕâÊÇ Linux NET-2-HOWTO ¡£ Õâ·ÝÎļþÊÇÔçÆÚµÄ NET-FAQ ÍêÕûÖØд°æ,
Ò²ÊÇ NET-2-HOWTO versions 1.0+ µÄ¸üаæ, ÊÇÕë¶Ô Linux kernels
1.0°æÒÔÉ쵀 NET-2 ¼° NET-3 TCP/IP Networking code ¶øд¡£
1.1. ×ÔÉÏÒ»°æÒÔÀ´¸Ä±äµÄµØ·½
Ôö¼Ó:
Ôö¼ÓÐ嵀 ARCNet driver µÄϸ½Ú - ¸Ðл Avery¡£
Ôö¼Ó tcpdump location µÄϸ½Ú¡£
ÐÞÕý:
¸üÕý dip µÄ symlink ¼° chmod ÎÊÌâ - ¸Ðл Lamar¡£
¸üРMatt Dillon µÄ slip management suite °æ±¾¡£
1.2. Linux Íø·µÄ·¢Õ¹¼òÊ·
Ross Biro <biro@yggdrasil.com> ׫д×îÔʼµÄ Linux Íø·ºËÐijÌʽ
Âë (Networking kernel code) µÄ»ù´¡¡£ËûʹÓÃÁË:
Donald Becker <becker@cesdis1.gsfc.nasa.gov> дµÄ ethernet
drivers Laurence Culhane <loz@holmes.demon.co.uk> ËùдµÄ slip
driver Bj0rn Ekwall <bj0rn@blox.se> ËùдµÄ D-Link driver ¡£
Linux Íø·³ÌʽÂëºóÐø·¢Õ¹ÓÉ Fred van Kempen <waltje@hacktic.nl>
¼ÌÐø, ËûʹÓà Ross's µÄ³ÌʽÂë, ²¢·¢±í NET-2 °æÍø·³ÌʽÂë¡£
NET-2 Ö±µ½ NET-2d °æ·¢²¼Ê±, ²ÅÐÞ¶©Ðí¶àµØ·½¡£ µ± Alan Cox
<iialan@iifeak.swan.ac.uk> Äõ½ Fred's NET-2d code ²¢ÖøÊÖ³ý´í
ʱ,Ä¿±êÔÚ¶¨ÔÚ³ö°æÎȶ¨µÄ¹¤×÷°æ±¾, ΪÁËÒª²¢Èë±ê×¼µÄ kernel °æ±¾
ÖС£
Õâ¸ö°æ±¾½Ð×ö NET-2D (ebugged), ÔÚ Linux vers 1.0 ·¢ÐÐ֮ǰ,
NET-2D ÒѾ²¢Èë±ê×¼µÄ kernel °æ±¾ÖС£
PPP µÄÖ§Ô®ÓÉ Michael Callahan, <callahan@maths.ox.ac.uk> ¼° Al
Longyear, <longyear@netcom.com> À´¼ÓÈë, ÔÀ´Ö»ÊǸö patch, ¶øÇÒ
ºóÀ´°æ±¾Ö»ÁÐΪѡÏî¡£
Fred ¼ÌÐø·¢Õ¹ËûµÄ kernel network code, ²¢·¢ÐÐ NET-2E ¡£ ÈôÄã¶Ô
FredµÄй¤×÷ÓÐÐËȤµÄ»°, ¿ÉÒÔ²é²é±¾ÎĺóÃæµÄÁÐ±í¡£
ËæÖø Linux vers 1.0 µÄ·¢ÐÐ, Linus ¾ö¶¨¼ÌÐøÖ§Ô® Alan's Íø·Âë,
²¢½«Ö®ÁÐΪ±ê×¼µÄÍø·ºËÐÄÂë (network kernel code) ¡£
×îеÄÐÞ¶©°æ, NET-3, ³öÏÖÔÚ 1.1.5 ÒÔÉ쵀 kernel °æ±¾ÖÐ, »ù±¾ÉÏ
ÊÇÏàͬµÄ³ÌʽÂë, µ«°üº¬ÁËÐí¶àµÄ bug fixes ¡¢ÐÞÕý¼°¼ÓÇ¿¡£
Alan ¼ÓÈëÁË IPX ¼° AX.25 modules µÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de> ÒѾ·¢ÁËÒ»¸öÐÞ¶©¹ýµÄÍø
·ӦÓóÌʽ°æ±¾¡£
³ý·ÇÆäËûÎļþÓÐ˵Ã÷, ²»È»ÕâÎļþÖ¸µÄÊÇ¡¸±ê×¼ºËÐÄ°æ±¾¡¹Ëù°üº¬µÄÍø
·³ÌʽÂë¡£ÔÚÕâÕû¸öÎļþÉϽ«Í¬Ê±Ìṩ Fred µÄ³ÌʽÂë, µ«µ±·¢Õ¹µÄ;
¾¶µÄ·Ö¿ªÊ±, Á½ÖÖ°æ±¾ºÜ¿ÉÄÜ»áÓв»Í¬µÄµØ·½¡£
2. ÉùÃ÷
Linux networking code ÊÇÒ»¸öȫеġ¢ ÒÔºËÐÄΪ»ù´¡µÄ (kernel
based) TCP/IP Ú¹ÊÍ·½Ê½¡£ËüÓɼôÌù ( Æ´×° ) ·¢Õ¹¶ø³É, ²»ÊÇÏÖÐÐÊÐ
ÃæÉÏ kernel networking code µÄÒÆÖ²°æ¡£
ÒòΪËüÊÇÒ»¸öÐÂÏ浀 implementation, Ëü¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÓÐÒ»¶ÑµÄ bug »òÎÊÌâ
, ¼° bug fixes ¼° patch ·¢²¼³öÀ´¡£Èç¹ûÄãµ£ÐÄÕâЩÎÊÌâ, ÄãֻҪά
³ÖÔÚÓÐÖ§Ô® standard kernel code ¼°¹¤¾ß³Ìʽ¼¯µÄ°æ±¾ÉϾͿÉÒÔÁË¡£
ÓÐһЩÀÍÐÄÀÍÁ¦µÄÈË×é³ÉµÄ team ÔÚ׫д¡¢²âÊÔ networking code, ²¢
ÊÕ¼¯¡¢±¨¸æÏà¹ØµÄ bug¼°ÎÊÌâ¡£ÄãÔâÓöµÄÎÊÌ⡸¿ÉÄÜ¡¹ÒѾÓб¨¸æ³öÀ´
, ÇÒÒ²ÓÐÈËÔÚ fix ÁË, ºÜ¿ìµÄ»áÐÞÕý¹ýÀ´, ËùÒÔÒªÓÐÄÍÐÄ¡£ ¼ÙÈçÄã°ï
µÃÉÏæ, ²»áÝÌṩÐÖú¡£
ÎÒÃDz»»á, Ò²²»ÄÜ, ÖªµÀËùÓÐ Linux Íø·ÈíÌåµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ Õâ·ÝÎļþ¿ÉÄÜ
ÓдíÎóµÄµØ·½, ËùÌáµ½µÄÈíÌå, ÇëÔÙÉîÈë¶Á¸ÃÈíÌåµÄ READMEµµ¡£
ÎÒÃǽ«ÊÔͼ¾¡Á¿Î¬³ÖÕâ·ÝÎļþûÓдíÎó¶øÇÒÊÇ×îеġ£ Versions of
software are current as at time of writing.
±¸×¢: ËäÈ»±¾Îĸú Berkeley Software Distribution NET-2 °æ±¾ºÜÏñ
, µ« Linux network code ʵ¼ÊÉÏÓë BSD NET-2 ²¢ÎÞ¹ØÁ¬ ¡£²»
Òª¸ã´íÁË¡£
3. Questions already ?
`The only stupid question is the unasked one.'
`×µÄÎÊÌâ¾ÍÊÇÄǸöһֱûÎʳö¿ÚµÄÎÊÌâ`
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÒ»°ãµÄÉ趨 (configuration) ÎÊÌâ, ¶øÇÒÔÚ¶ÁÁËÆäËûµÄ
HOWTO¼° FAQ ºó, ÈÔÈ»ÕÒ²»µ½´ð°¸µÄ»°, ÇëÌùµ½ comp.os.linux.help
ÎÒÃÇ»áÓÅÏÈ´¦Àí, or, Èç¹ûÄãÏàÐÅ×Ô¼ºµÄÎÊÌâÓë Linux Nerwork code
ÓйØ,Äã¿ÉÒÔÌùµ½ NET mailing list. ¡ºÇ뾡Á¿ÃèÊöÇå³þÏà¹ØµÄ×ÊѶ¡»
¡£ ( Èç: É豸¡¢°æ±¾¡¢É趨... µÈ ) ûÓÐ±È " Ìù¸ö×ÊѶ²»×ãµÄ bug
»òÎÊÌâ "¸ü·³È˵ÄÁË¡£
°æ´Î¼° code µÄÐÞ¶©¡¢ËùÓÐÎÊÌâµÄϸ²¿Í³¼Æ¡¢·¢Éú×´¿öµÄÏêÇé, ÊÇ»ù±¾
µÄ¡£ Trace ¼° debug messages ¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃµÄµØ·½Ó¦¸ÃҲҪǿÖÆ¿¼ÂÇ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÒ»¸öÓëÈÎÒ»°æ±¾ linux µÄÉ趨ÓйصÄÎÊÌâ, ²»¹ÜËÌṩµÄ,
ÔÚ±¨¸æÎÊÌâ¸ø network code developers Ç°, ÇëÏÈÓëµÚÒ»¸ö·¢ÐеÄÈË
ÁªÂç¡£ÔÒòÔÚÓÚһЩÆäËûµÄ°æ±¾Ê¹ÓÃÁ˷DZê×¼»¯µÄĿ¼½á¹¹, ÇÒÌṩÁË
·Ç±ê×¼µÄ²âÊÔÓ빤¾ß¡£ Äã²»ÄÜÆÚ´ý NET-2 code developers Ö§Ô®³ýÁË
±¾Îļþ˵Ã÷µÄ²»Í¬¸ñʽµÄ°æ±¾, (or as per distributed Alpha/Beta
test instructions.)
Óû²Î¼Ó mail list server ÖÐµÄ Linux NET channel, Çë¼ÄÐŵ½:
linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi
ÄÚÈÝÒª¼ÓÒ»ÐÐ:
X-Mn-Admin: join NET
ÔÚÐżþµÄ×îÉÏÃæÒ»ÐÐ(²»ÊÇ subject ÄÇÐÐ)
¼Çס NET channel Ö»¹©ÌÖÂÛ·¢Õ¹Ö®Óá£
Ò²×¢ÒâÓиö PPP list ÒѾ½¨Á¢¡£ ÈôÒª¼ÓÈë, ÇëÒÀÕÕÒÔÉϳÌÐòÀ´¼ÓÈë
NET channel, µ« X-Mn-Admin: Õâ¸öÀ¸Î»Òª´Ó NET ¸ÄΪ PPP ¡£
ͬʱעÒâ HAMS list ÒѾ½¨Á¢, Õâ¸ö list ½¨Á¢À´ÌÖÂÛ³Ìʽ ( ¹ØÓÚ
Amoteur Radio), ÈôÒª¼ÓÈëÕâ¸ö list, ÇëÄ£·Â¼ÓÈë NET or PPP
channel µÄ³ÌÐò²¢ÒªÔÚ X-Mn-Admin: Õâ¸öÀ¸Î»Óà HAMS È¡´ú NET ¡£
4. Ïà¹ØÎļþ
Èç¹ûÄãÒªÕÒÕâ·Ý HOWTO ÎļþÕÒ²»µ½µÄ TCP/IP µÄ×ÊѶ, Äã¿ÉÄÜÒª try
ÒÔϵÄÀ´Ô´, ËüÃÇÌṩÁ˲»ÉÙµÄ×ÊѶ¡£
Olaf Kirch дÁËÒ»¶ÑµÄÎļþµ±×÷ Linux Documentation Project µÄÒ»
²¿·Ý, ±êÌâÊÇ The Linux Network Administration Guide ¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»·Ý
ºÜÓÅÐãµÄÎļþ°üº¬ÁËËùÓÐÉ趨·½ÃæµÄ²½Öè, ²¢ÔÚ linux ÏÂʹÓà tcp/ip
network,°üº¬ NFS, UUCP, mail, News, nameserver µÈµÈ¡£
Olaf µÄÊéÖÐÌṩÕâ¸ö HOWTO, ²¢ÔÚÕâ·ÝÎļþÍ£Ö¹µÄµØ·½¼ÌÏÂÈ¥¡£ Õâ·Ý
Îļþº¸Ç NET code µÄ°²×°¼°É趨 (configuration), Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ ` Èç
ºÎ°ÑÄãµÄµçÄԷŵ½Íø·ÉÏ ' ¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇ unix networking µÄÐÂÊÖ, ÄÇ
ôÎÒÇ¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÏÈÈ¡µÃÒ»·Ý¿½±´²¢¶Á¶Á¿´¡£Ëü½«ÎªÄú½â´ðÐí¶àÕâ·Ý HOWTO
ÎļþÖÐËùûÓеÄÎÊÌâ¡£
×îеİ汾¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏÂÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/docs/linux-doc-project/network-guide/*
Õâ¸öĿ¼ÏÂÓÐÐí¶à²»Í¬°æ±¾µÄÎļþ, Ò»°ãµÄ¸ñʽ¶¼ÓÐÖ§Ô®, Èç: ascii,
Postscript, DVI, Latex ¼° groff ¡£
The Linux Network Administrators Guide is Copyright (c) by
Olaf Kirch.
ÄãÒ²Ó¦¸Ã¶ÁÒ»¶ÁÆäËûÓйØÍø·µÄ Linux HOWTO Îļþ¡£
ÀýÈç:
Ethernet-HOWTO
(ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO)
Èç¹ûÄãÒªÔÚ linux ÉÏʹÓà ethernet card µÄ»°, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¶ÁÒ»¶ÁËü¡£
Ëü°üº¬Á˸û¶àµÄϸ½Ú: ÈçºÎÔÚ linux ÉÏÑ¡Ôñ¡¢°²×°¡¢É趨(configure)
Ò»¸ö ethernet card¡£
Serial-HOWTO
(http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Serial-HOWTO.html)
Èç¹ûÄãҪʹÓà slip »ò ppp Ìṩ·þÎñµÄ»°¡£
Mail-HOWTO
(http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Mail-HOWTO.html)
News-HOWTO
(http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/News-HOWTO.html)
É趨 Mail and News ÔÚÄãµÄϵͳÉϵÄ×ÊѶ¡£
The UUCP-HOWTO
(http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/UUCP-HOWTO.html)
Èç¹ûÄãҪ͸¹ý UUCP Á¬µ½ÁíÒ»¸öÍø·µÄ»°¡£
ÈôÒªµÃµ½¸ü¶à UNIX Íø·É趨µÄÒ»°ã×ÊѶ, À´°ïÖúÄãÉ趨×Ô¼ºµÄÍø·µÄ
»°, ¿É²Î¿¼: O'Reilly and Associates µÄÊé "TCP/IP Network
Administration" ( ·âÃæÓÐÖ»ó¦Ð· ) ¼Çס Linux Network code ÏÖÔÚ
ÒѾ֧Ԯ±ê×¼µÄ TCP/IP Íø·¡£ É趨²¢Ê¹ÓÃËüµÄ·½Ê½¾ÍÈçͬÔÚÆäËûµÄ
UNIX OS ÉÏÒ»Ñù¡£Ö»ÊÇÓÐЩ²ÎÊý»òÑ¡Ïî¿ÉÄÜ»áÓëÊéÉÏËù½²µÄÓÐЩ³öÈë¡£
Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ, Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ¶ÁÁËһЩ»ù±¾µÄ TCP/IP Íø·µÄ×ÊѶ, Ä㻹¿ÉÒÔ¿´
¿´ÒÔϵÄÎļþ:
athos.rutgers.edu
/runet/tcp-ip-admin.doc
/runet/tcp-ip-admin.ps
/runet/tcp-ip-intro.doc
/runet/tcp-ip-intro.ps
Èç¹ûÄãÒѾ¶ÁÍêÏà¹ØµÄ TCP/IP ϸ½Ú×ÊѶ, ÎÒÍƼöÄãÒ»±¾Êé:
"Internetworking with TCP/IP"
by Douglas E. Comer
ISBN 0-13-474321-0
Prentice Hall publications.
4.1. Õâ·ÝÎļþµÄ°æ±¾
×îеÄÊÍ·Å°æ±¾¿ÉÒÔʹÓà annoymous ftp À´È¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/NET-2-HOWTO
/pub/Linux/docs/HOWTO/other-formats/NET-2-HOWTO.{tex,ps,dvi}
͸¹ý World Wide Web ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó Linux Documentation Project Web
ServerÈ¡µÃ:
(http: //sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/linux.html),
ÔÚ NET-2-HOWTO ÄÇÒ»Ò³:
(http: //susnite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/NET-2-HOWTO.html) »òÒÔÏÂ
Ŀ¼
me, <terryd@extro.ucc.su.oz.au>. ËüÒ²»á¶¨ÆÚµÄÌùÔÚ: newsgroups:
comp.os.linux.announce, comp.os.linux.help, ¼° news.answers ¡£
Äã¿ÉÒÔÕÒ news.answers µÄ FAQ postings, °üÀ¨Õâ·ÝÎļþ, Òà¿ÉÓÉÏÂ
ÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
rtfm.mit.edu:/pub/usenet.
4.2. »ØÀ¡
Çë¼Ä¸øÎÒ <terryd@extro.ucc.su.oz.au> ÈκεÄÎļþ¡¢ ¸üлò½¨Òé¡£
ÎÒÔ½¿ìÄõ½ÄãµÄÀ´ÐÅ ( »ØÀ¡ feedback), ÎÒ¾ÍÄÜÔ½¿ì¸üм°ÐÞÕýÕâ·Ý
Îļþ¡£ Èç¹ûÄã·¢ÏÖÎļþÖÐÓÐÈκÎÎÊÌâ, Çë¼ÄПøÎÒ, ¶ø²»ÒªÔÚ
newsgroups ÉÏÌù²¼¸æ, ¿ÉÄÜÎһ᩶ÁÁË¡£Ð»Ð»!
5. NET-2/NET-3 ÓÐÖ§Ô®µÄ¹¦ÄÜ
NET code ÊÇдÔÚ Linux kernel ÀïÃæ, ÇÒÒÔ TCP/IP Ϊ׼¡£
NET-2 ¼° NET-3 °æ±¾µÄÍø·³ÌʽÂë(network code)Ö§Ô®:
Ethernet Cards
´ó²¿·ÖÆÕ±éµÄ ethernet cards ¶¼ÓÐÖ§Ô®¡£
SLIP (Serial Line IP) and PPP
ÔÚ serial lines(Èç: telephone, »òÁ½Ì¨µçÄÔ¼äµÄ cable Ïß )
ÉÏ͸¹ý modem Ìṩ tcp/ip networking
Van Jacobsen Header Compression
ÓÃÀ´Ñ¹Ëõ TCP/IP packetµÄµµÍ·, ÒÔÔÚÂýËÙµÄÏßÉÏÌá¸ß slip µÄ
performance¡£
PLIP (Parallel Lines IP)
ÔÊÐíÄãʹÓà printer ports À´Á¬½ÓÁ½Ì¨ºÜ½Ó½üµÄµçÄÔ¡£
NFS (Networked File System)
ÔÊÐíÄã mount Ô¶¶Ë»úÆ÷µÄ filesystems¡£
AX.25 (A protocol used by Amateur Radio Operators)
Alan Cox дµÄʵÑé³ÌʽÂë, ÒѾ¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ¡£
PI Card (An 8530 SCC based card used by Amateur Radio Operators)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öʵÑéÐ﵀ PI Card driver, ÒѾ¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ¡£
IPX/SPX (Novell)
ÔÊÐíÄãд¸öÈ赀 SPX / IPX Ó¦ÓóÌʽ , »ò°Ñ Linux µ±×÷ IPX
router¡£
NET-2 and NET-3 network code »¹Ã»Ö§Ô®µÄ:
NCP (Novell) support
ÔÊÐí Linux Ìṩ²¢ mount Novell network devices¡£Õâ¸ö²¿·Ý
»¹ÔÚ¿ª·¢¡£
Lan types other than ethernet
ÕâÊÇ˵ÀàËÆ token ring, arcnet, FDDI, µÈµÈµÄ¶«Î÷ , ʵÑéÐÔ
µÄ Token Ring driver ÒѾ¿ª·¢Íê³É, ʵÑéÐ﵀ ARCNet driver
Ò²¿ª·¢Íê³ÉÁË¡£(ÒÔºó»áÏêÊö)
ISDN Support
ÕýÔÚ¿ª·¢¡£
5.1. ÒÑÖ§Ô®µÄ Ethernet cards.
±ê×¼µÄ linux kernel Ö§Ô®ÏÂÁÐÐÎʽµÄ ethernet cards:
o NE2000/NE1000 ¼°¡¸ÏàÈݼ×Âó¿Þ°Ö¡¹µÄ¿¨(close compatibles)¡£
o WD80*3 and close compatibles.
o SMC Ultra
o 3c501 (¹êËÙ)
o 3c503 and close compatibles.
o 3c509/3c579
o HP PCLAN (however a newer kernel is required for the HP PCLAN+)
o AT1500 and NE2100 (LANCE and PCnet-ISA) and close compatibles.
o AT1700 (·ÇÏàÈÝÆ·)
o DEPCA and close compatibles.
o D-Link DE600 pocket adaptor and close compatibles.
o AT-LAN-TEC/RealTek pocket adaptor and close compatibles.
ÆäËûµÄ drivers ¿ÉÔÚ½ÏÐ嵀 kernel °æ±¾(1.1.*+)ÖÐÕÒµ½¡£
Ethernet-HOWTO °üº¬Ò»ÍÕºÜÓÐÓõÄ×ÊѶÀ´Ö§Ô® ethernet cards: °üÀ¨
ÈçºÎÑ¡ÔñÒ»¿é ethernet card Èç¹ûÄãÒªÂòij¸ö¹æ¸ñµÄ²úÆ·¡£
¾ÍÏñÒÔÉÏËù˵µÄ, Linux Ö§Ô®ÆäËûÍø·Á¬½Ó¹¤¾ß, ¼ÙÈçÄãûÓÐ
ethernet card »òÆäËûÖ±½ÓµÄÍø·Á¬Ïß¡£Ðí¶à´óѧ¼°ÊÀ½çÐԵĹ«Ë¾Ìṩ
Ðí¶àÍø·²¦½Ó (Dail up) µÄ·þÎñ¡£ ÕâЩ·þÎñ¿ÉÄÜͬʱ°üÀ¨ SLIP »ò
PPP ¡£ ÄãÐèÒªµÄÖ»ÊÇÒ»¸öµç»°Ïß¼°Ò»Ì¨ modem,( Èç¹ûÄãÔçÒѾÓÐÕâЩ
É豸, ÄÇ×îºÃ²»¹ýÁË ), ¼°Êʵ±µØÉ趨 (configure) ÄãµÄ linux ϵͳ
, ÒÔϼ¸Õ»á˵Ã÷ϸ²¿µÄ²½Öè¡£
6. È¡µÃ NET-2/NET-3 ÈíÌå
ÔÚÄãÒªÉ趨 (configure) Íø·ÈíÌå֮ǰ, Äã±ØÐëÈ¡µÃËùÓеIJ¿·Ý¡£ Õâ
°üº¬ÁËÏÖÐÐµÄ kernel code, libraries, TCP/IP configuration ³Ìʽ
¼°µµ°¸ ( Èç: /sbin/ifconfig, etc/hosts µÈµÈ ), ×îºóÒªÓÐÒ»¸öÍø
·ӦÓóÌʽ¼¯ ( Èç: telnet, ftp, rlogin µÈµÈ )
Èç¹ûÄã´ÓÉ¢²¼µÄ½ÚµãÈ¡µÃ Linux, ÄÇôÄãÒªµÄ¶«Î÷Ó¦¸Ã¶¼ÒѾÓÐÁ˼ì²é
²¢È·¶¨ÄãËùÒª×öµÄÊ¡£ ÀýÈç: ÓÐЩɢ²¼µÄ°æ±¾°üº¬ÁËËùÓÐÍø·É趨µµ,
Ö´Ðеµ, º¯Ê½¿â, ¼° kernel, ËùÒÔûÓбØÒªÔÙÈ¥×¥ÒÔϵĵµ°¸¡£
±¸×¢: they ¿ÉÄÜÔÚijЩ "Óë±¾ HOWTO ÎļþËù˵µÄ²»Í¬µÄ" Ŀ¼¼°µµ°¸
ÖС£
Èç¹ûÄãÕæµÄÓÐÍø·ÈíÌåÁË, ¿ÉÖ±½ÓÌøµ½ `Configuring the kernel' ÄÇ
Ò»½Ú¡£Ã»ÓеĻ°, ¾Í¿´ÏÂÒ»¸ö²½Öè°É!
6.1. kernel Ôʼ³Ìʽ
Linux kernel 1.0 ÊÇÕýʽµÄ·¢±íµÄ°æ±¾¡£ ÆäËû release ³öÀ´µÄ
kernel ÊǼÓÇ¿»ò bug fixed µÄ°æ±¾¡£
Èç¹ûÄã¾õµÃÓбØҪȥ patch ¼°ÐÞ¸Ä kernel Ôʼ³ÌʽµÄ»°, ÔòÄãÓ¦¸Ã
¿çµ½Õâ¸ö release, ÒòΪËü¿ÉÒÔ×öÄãÏëÒª×öµÄÊ¡£
ËäÈ»ÔÚÕâ¸öÍø·³ÌʽÂëµÄÇé¿öÏÂ, ÎÒÇ¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÄã¸úËæ×îа汾µÄ½Å²½,
ÒòΪËüÃÇÓÐÐí¶à¸Ä±äµÄµØ·½×ãÒÔÓ°ÏìÍø·µÄÔË×÷, µ«Êǵ±ÄãÔÚ try ÐÂ
µÄ°æ±¾ kernel µÄʱºò, Äã×ÜҪȷ¶¨°Ñϵͳ backup ÍêÈ«, ÒòΪÔÚÄã²â
ÊÔµÄʱºò, ÓÐЩ¶«Î÷»á³öÏÖÖØ´óµÄ´íÎó¡£
ÏÖÔÚµÄ kernel °æ±¾¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ:
ftp.funet.fi
/pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/v1.1/v1.1.45.tar.gz
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö gzip ¹ýµÄµµ, ËùÒÔÄãÒ©Óà gzip °ÑËü¸ø½âѹ³öÀ´
ËÙËÙ¿´ÒÔϵÄ×÷·¨:
# cd /usr/src
# mv linux linux.old
# gzip -dc v.1.1.45.tar.gz | tar xvf -
ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔÚͬһ¸öĿ¼ÏÂ, ÕÒµ½Ò»Ð© patch µµ (patch46.gz)... Èç¹û
ÄãÓÐ 1.1.45 °æµÄ kernel ±íʾÄãÓÐ kernel 1.1.0 °æÔÙ¼ÓÉÏ 1 µ½ 45
µÄ patch ¡£ËùÒÔÄã²»±ØÔÙ×öÆäËû֮ǰµÄ patch ¡£ Èç¹ûÓÐ patch ÊDZÈ
ÄãµÄ kernel °æ±¾»¹´óµÄ»°, ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÈ¡µÃ²¢ patch ÉÏÈ¥¡£ ²½Öè´ó¸ÅÈç
ÏÂ:
# cd /usr/src
# gzip -dc .../patch1.gz | patch -p0
# gzip -dc .../patch2.gz | patch -p0
# gzip -dc .../patch3.gz | patch -p0
...
6.2. libraries (º¯Ê½¿â)
Äã×îÉÙÒªÓÐ 4.4.2 °æµÄ libc, ÒòΪÔçÆÚ°æ±¾ÓÐ subnet masks µÄÎÊÌâ
¡£ÏÖÐÐµÄ libraries (libc-4.5.26) ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÕÒµ½:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/GCC/
ÄãÖÁÉÙÐèÒªÒÔϵĵµ°¸:
o image-4.5.26.tar.gz
o inc-4.5.26.tar.gz
o extra-4.5.26.tar.gz
o release.libc-4.5.26
Äã±ØÐëÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ install Ç°¶Á release.libc-4.5.26 Îļþ¡£Çë×¢ÒâÔÚÎÄ
¼þÖеÄijһÐÐ: regrarding deleting the older version of
/usr/lib/libgcc.* or else your compiles will not link
properly.
±¸×¢: ʹÓà 4.5.26 °æ±¾Ä㻹ÐèÒª GCC °æ±¾ 2.5.7 ÒÔÉϼ° Linux
kernel 1.0+
6.3. Íø·É趨(configuration)¹¤¾ß¼¯
ÄãÐèÒª utility suite, ËüÌṩ tools À´É趨ÄãµÄÍø·¡£
ÏÖÐÐµÄ NET-2 utility suite ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÕÒµ½:
sunacm.swan.ac.uk
/pub/misc/Linux/Networking/PROGRAMS/NetTools
/net-tools-1.1.38.tar.gz
ÒòΪ kernel networking code ÈÔÈ»³ÖÐøÔÚ kernel release ʱ, ¸Ä±ä
network tools, ËùÒÔÄã±ØÐëÑ¡ÔñÊʵ±µÄ°æ±¾¡£
µµ°¸µÄÃû×ÖÏÔʾÁË tool ¿ÉÔÚÄĸö°æ´ÎµÄ kernel ÉÏÖ´ÐС£
ÇëÑ¡Ôñ°æ´ÎÓë kernel Ïàͬ»òСÓÚ kernel °æ±¾µÄ tool¡£ <---- ?
½¨Á¢¼°°²×°¹¤¾ß, try:
# cd /usr/src
# mkdir net-tools
# cd net-tools
# gzip -dc net-tools-1.1.38.tar.gz | tar xvf -
# make config
# make
If everything makes ok, then:
# make install
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà kernel version 1.1.26 »ò¸üÔçµÄ°æ±¾, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¿´¿´:
sunacm.swan.ac.uk
/pub/misc/Linux/Networking/PROGRAMS/Other/net032/
ÔÚÕâĿ¼ÖÐÄã»áÕÒµ½ÈýÖÖ°æ±¾µÄÍø·¹¤¾ß¡£
ÒÔϱí¸ñÁгö net-032 package name, ¼°Æä kernel °æ±¾¡£
net-0.32d-net3.tar.gz 1.1.12+
net-0.32b.tar.gz 1.1.4+
net-0.32.old.tar.gz pre 1.1.4 kernels
ÕâЩ packages °üº¬»ù±¾µÄÍø·É趨³Ìʽ, ÀýÈç: ifconfig, route,
netstat µÈµÈ, ÉÔºó»áÁĵ½¡£
6.4. Íø·ӦÓóÌʽ
Ä㽫»áÖÁÉÙÐèÒªÒ»ÍÕµÄÍø·ӦÓóÌʽ, Èç: telnet, ftp, finger,Íø·
daemons... Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de> ÒѾÊÕ¼¯ÁË
Ï൱ÍêÈ«µÄÍø·ӦÓóÌʽ (source code »ò binary), TCP/IP Ó¦ÓóÌ
ʽµÄ binaries ¼°Ò»Ð©·¶ÀýµÄ config µµ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÕÒµ½:
ftp.funet.fi
/pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/net-source
/NetKit/NetKit-A-0.07.bin.tar.gz
/pub/OS/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/net-source
/NetKit/NetKit-B-0.06.bin.tar.gz
Èç¹ûÓÐ×îеİ汾, ¾ÍÓÃ×îеİ汾, ÇëÏȶÁ README µµ, È·¶¨ÄãÓбØ
ÒªµÄ prerequisites ¡£
È·¶¨Òª×öÖØÒªµÄ config µµµÄ±¸·Ý, Èç¹ûÊÇÐµİ²×°Äã¾Í²»±ØÕâÑù×ö¡£
½âѹµÄ²½Öè:
# cd /
# gzip -dc filename.tar.z | tar xpvlf -
·Ç³£×¢Òâ!!! Florian ÒѾΪÄúµÄ·½±ã, ÊÂÏÈѹËõºÃÁ˵µ°¸, Florian
ÒѾ³¢ÊÔ¾¡Á¿Ê¹µÃÕâЩ³Ìʽ°üº¬ÔÚ net-tools-n.n.nn releasesÖÐ, ²»
ÐÒµÄ, Florian Ñ¡ÔñµÄĿ¼½á¹¹Óë Alan ²»Í¬, µ±ËûÔÚΪ net-tools×¼
±¸ installation script ʱ¡£ Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ÄãÒªÌرðСÐÄ, ÓÈÆäÔÚ
installµÄʱºò¡£ Florian ÒԺ󽫻á¸Ä»ØÀ´Ê¹µÃÕâ¸öÎÊÌâÏûʧ, µ«ÊÇÖ±
µ½ÄÇʱºò,ÎÒ½¨Òé, ÄãÓÃÏÂÁз½Ê½´úÌæ:
- ÔÚÆäËû°²È«µÄµØ·½½â°ü
# cd /usr/src
# mkdir NetKit
# cd NetKit
# gzip -dc NetKit-A-0.07.bin.tar.gz | tar xpvlf -
# gzip -dc NetKit-B-0.06.bin.tar.gz | tar xpvlf -
- ¿³µô ÏÈÇ°½²µÄ Florians µÄÍø·¹¤¾ß¿½±´(°æ±¾)¡£
# rm ./bin/hostname ./sbin/route ./sbin/ifconfig ./sbin/netstat
# rm ./usr/sbin/arp ./usr/sbin/rarp ./usr/sbin/slattach
- ¿½±´ Florian's µµ°¸µ½Ð¼Ò:
# cp -vrpd . /
6.5. ÆäËûµÄ drivers »ò packages.
Èç¹ûÄãÒªÔö¼ÓһЩ·¢Õ¹ÖеĻò Alpha/Beta ²âÊÔ³ÌʽÂë, ÀýÈç: AX.25
µÄÖ§Ô®, ÄãÐèҪȡµÃÕâЩ packages Êʵ±µÄÖ§Ô®ÈíÌå, Çë¼ì²éÏà¹ØµÄÕÂ
½Ú×öϸ²¿Á˽⡣
7. É趨(configuring) kernel
ÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÍø·¹¤¾ßÇ°, »òÔÚ config ÈκÎÍø· device Ç°, Äã±ØÐë
È·¶¨ÄãµÄ kernel ÒѾÄÚ½¨ ( ½¨Èë ) Íø·֧Ԯ driver, ×îºÃµÄ·½·¨
¾ÍÊÇ compile³ö×Ô¼º»úÆ÷µÄ kernel, Ñ¡Ôñ×Ô¼ºÒªµÄ¼°²»ÒªµÄ¡£
ÈôÄãÒѾȡµÃ²¢½â³ö kernel source, ²¢×°ÁËһЩ±ØÒªµÄ·ÇÕýʽ»ò·¢Õ¹
ÖÐµÄ patch ÈíÌå, ÄãÖ»Ðè±à¼ /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/CONFIG.
Õâ¸öµµ°¸ÓÐÐí¶àµÄÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÒÔÖ¸ÒýÄã±à¼Äǹøµµ, ͨÌè A ²»ÐèÒª¸ÄÌ«¶à
¶«Î÷, ÒòΪÓÐÐí¶àµÄÄÚ¶¨Öµ. ¶ÔÎÒÀ´Ëµ¸ù±¾²»ÐèÒª±à¼. Èç¹ûÄãµÄ
ethernet Íø·¿¨ºÜÌرð, »òÎÞ·¨±» ethernet driver ×Ô¶¯Õì²â³öÀ´µÄ
»°, Õâ·ÝÎļþ¶ÔÄãÀ´Ëµ»áºÜÓÐÓᣠËüÔÊÐíÄã hard code Íø·ӲÌåµÄÒ»
Щ elemets, ÀýÈç: Èç¹ûÄãµÄ¿¨ÊÇרÊôµÄ¿¨, µ«²»ÊÇÏñʲô WD-8013
Ö®ÀàµÄ¿¨, ÄÇÄã¾ÍÒªÉ趨 shared memory address À´È·¶¨ driver
detects ²¢ÇÒÈ·¶¨Êʵ±µÄÇý¶¯ÕâÕÅ¿¨¡£¶Á¶Á Ethernet-HOWTO ²é¿´¸ü¶à
Õâ¸öµµ°¸µÄ¶¨Òå×ÊѶ, ¼°¶ÔÍø·¿¨µÄÓ°Ïì¡£µ±È»Ò²°üº¬ PLIP ¡¡µÄÉ趨
²ÎÊý, ËäÈ»ÄÚ¶¨ÖµÅÜÆðÀ´Ò²²»»áÓÐɶÎÊÌâ, ³ý·ÇÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ºÜÂý¡£
ÈôÊÇ CONFIG µµºÜÊʺÏÄãµÄ»úÆ÷, ÄÇÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Öؽ¨ kernel,µÚÒ»²½
ÊÇÏȱà¼×îÉϲãµÄ Makefile, È·¶¨»áÊʵ±µØÒÀÕÕÄãµÄ VGA É趨À´Öؽ¨
kernel, È»ºóÅÜÒ»ÅÜ kernel configuration ³Ìʽ:
# cd /usr/src/linux
# make config
Ö´ÐÐÖ®ºó»áÎÊÄãÒ»¶ÑµÄÎÊÌâ, kernel ÖйØÓÚÍø·µÄ²¿·Ý¹²ÓÐËÄ´óÑ¡Ïî,
·Ö±ðÊÇ: Gerneral Setup, Networking options, Network device
support,¼° Filesystems sections. ×îÀ§ÄѵÄÊÇÉ趨 Network device
support section, ÒòΪËüÊÇÄãҪѡÔñʹÓÃÄÄÖÖÓ²Ìå device µÄµØ·½Äã
¿ÉÒÔÖ»ÓÃÄÚ¶¨Öµ, ÅÜÆðÀ´Ò²ºÜ°²È«¡£ÒÔÏÂÊÇһЩ´ó¸ÅµÄ idea
*
* General setup
*
...
...
Networking support (CONFIG_NET) [y] y
...
...
ÔÚÕâÇøÄãֻҪѡÔñÊÇ·ñÄãÒªÍø·֧Ԯ, ͨ³£¨Ë¨ß...ÄãÖ»Òª»Ø "y" ¾Í
ºÃÀ² ...
*
* Networking options
*
TCP/IP networking (CONFIG_INET) [y] y
IP forwarding/gatewaying (CONFIG_IP_FORWARD) [y] y
*
* (it is safe to leave these untouched)
*
PC/TCP compatibility mode (CONFIG_INET_PCTCP) [n] n
Reverse ARP (CONFIG_INET_RARP) [n] n
Assume subnets are local (CONFIG_INET_SNARL) [y] y
Disable NAGLE algorithm (normally enabled) (CONFIG_TCP_NAGLE_OFF) [n] .
ïÿöà The IPX protocol (CONFIG_IPX) [n] n
µÚ¶þ²¿·ÝÊÇÔÊÐíÄãÆô¶¯»ò¹Ø±ÕһЩ (funky features) µÄÍø·É趨»òÕß
½ÓÊÜÄÚ¶¨Öµ, Ö±µ½ÄãÐèÒª¸Ä±ä:
*
* Network device support
*
Network device support? (CONFIG_NETDEVICES) [y]
Dummy net driver support (CONFIG_DUMMY) [n]
SLIP (serial line) support (CONFIG_SLIP) [y] y
CSLIP compressed headers (SL_COMPRESSED) [y] y
PPP (point-to-point) support (CONFIG_PPP) [y] y
Load balancing support (experimental) (CONFIG_SLAVE_BALANCING) [n.
öà Do you want to be offered ALPHA test drivers (CONFIG_NET_ALPHA).
à Western Digital/SMC cards (CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_SMC) [y] y
WD80*3 support (CONFIG_WD80x3) [y] y
SMC Ultra support (CONFIG_ULTRA) [n] n
3COM cards (CONFIG_NET_VENDOR_3COM) [n] n
Other ISA cards (CONFIG_NET_ISA) [n] n
PLIP (parallel port) support (CONFIG_PLIP) [n] n
EISA and on board controllers (CONFIG_NET_EISA) [n] n
Apricot Xen-II on board ethernet (CONFIG_APRICOT) [n] n
Pocket and portable adaptors (CONFIG_NET_POCKET) [n] n
*
Õⲿ·ÝÊÇ×îÖØÒªµÄ, Ò²ÊǹØϵ×îÃÜÇеÄ, Ëû»áÈÃÄãÑ¡ÔñÄãËùÒªÖ§Ô®µÄÍø
· device, Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÎÒÓÐÑ¡Ö§Ô®µµÍ·Ñ¹ËõµÄ SLIP É趨, PPP, ¼°
WD80*3 driver, »Ø "y" ±íʾ°²×°, "n" ±íʾ²»×°¡£
*
* Filesystems
*
...
...
/proc filesystem support (CONFIG_PROC_FS) [y]
NFS filesystem support (CONFIG_NFS_FS) [y]
...
...
Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûÅÜ NFS client ÄÇÄãÒ»¶¨Òª include NFS filesystem
type.ÄãÒ²ÐèÒª°üº¬ /proc filesystem ÒòΪÐí¶àÍø·¹¤¾ß³Ìʽ¶¼»áʹ
Óõ½¡£
ÔÚÄã config ÍêÈ«Ö®ºó, ËùÓÐʣϵÄÖ»ÊÇ compile kernel:
# make dep
# make
NOTE: Ð嵀 kernel compiles OK Ö®ºó, ²»ÒªÍüÁË make zlilo¡£
8. É趨(configuring)Íø·É豸(Network Devices)
Èç¹ûĿǰΪֹ¶¼»¹Ë³ÀûµÄ»°, ÄÇÄ㽫»áµÃµ½Ò»¸öÖ§Ô®Íø· device µÄ
kernel , ¶øÇÒ°üº¬ÁËÍø·¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´ configure.ÏÖÔÚ¾ÍÀ´ play °É
! Ä㽫ÐèÒªÉ趨 (configure) ÿ¸öÄãҪʹÓÃµÄ device.É趨ÖÐͨ³£¸æ
ËßÄãһЩ IP address, ¼°ËüËùÒªÁ¬µÄÍø·¡£
ÔÚ֮ǰ¼¸°æµÄ NET-2 ÎļþÖÐ, ÎÒÒѾдÁ˲¶à½Ó½üÍêÕûµÄ°æ±¾,°üº¬
Ðí¶àµÄÉ趨µµ, ¼°Êʵ±µØÐÞ¸Äɾ³ýµÄÎÄ×Ö¡£´ÓÕâ¸ö°æ±¾ÖÐ, ÎÒʹÓÃÁËÒ»
Щ²»Í¬µÄ·½Ê½, Äã»áÓÐÍêÕûÈ«µÄ uncluttered configuration that
you have built from scratch so you know exactly what is in
them, and why. ÎÒ½«»á˵Ã÷ÿ¸öµµ°¸¡¢¼°ËüÃǵŦÄÜ¡£
8.1. Configuring /dev Ŀ¼ÏÂÌØÊâµÄ device µµ
Äã²»ÐèÒªÉ趨ÈκΠ/dev Ŀ¼ÏÂ, ËùÓйØÓÚ linux Íø·µÄÌØÊâµÄ
device µµ, Linux ²»ÐèÒªÒ²²»Ê¹ÓÃËûÃÇ, ²»¹ýÆäËûµÄ×÷ҵϵͳ¿ÉÄÜ»á
Óõ½¡£ kernel »áÔÚ memory Öж¯Ì¬µØ½¨Á¢ device,¶øÇÒ¼ÈÈ»ËûÃÇÖ»ÊÇ
һЩÃû×Ö¶øÒÑ, ËùÒÔ¾ÍûÓÐÐèÒªÖ±½Ó³öÏÖÔÚÄãÃæÇ°¡£ kernel ÌṩËùÓÐ
ÄãÐèÒªµÄ programing hooks ¼°½çÃæ,À´¸üÓÐЧµØʹÓÃÕâЩ device ¡£
8.2. ÔÚÎÒ¿ªÊ¼Ö®Ç°ÐèҪʲô×ÊѶ ?
ÔÚÄã configure Íø·ÈíÌå֮ǰ, ÄãÐèÒªÖªµÀһЩÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÍø·Á¬Ïß (
¼Ü¹¹ )µÄ×ÊѶ, ÄãµÄÍø·¡¸ÌṩÕß¡¹»ò¡¸¹ÜÀíÕß¡¹½«¿ÉÒÔÌṩÄãÕâЩ×Ê
Ѷ¡£
8.2.1. IP Address.
ÕâÊÇÿһ̨»úÆ÷ΨһµÄλַ, ÊÇÒÔÊ®½øλ¼ÓÒÔ×éºÏÆðÀ´¡£ ÀýÈç:ij¸öÊý
128.253.153.54, ÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕß»áÌṩÄãÕâЩ×ÊѶ¡£
ÄãÈôҪʹÓà slip or plip µÄÁ¬Ïß, Äã¿ÉÄܲ»ÐèÒªÕâЩ×ÊѶ, ËùÒÔÄã¿É
ÒÔÂÔ¹ý²»¶Á¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÖ»Óà loopback device, ( Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵²»Á¬ÒÒÌ«Íø· (ethernet),
slip or plip support), Ä㽫²»ÐèÒª ip address µ± loopback port
×ÜÊÇʹÓà 127.0.0.1 µÄʱºò¡£
8.2.2. Network Mask (`netmask').
ΪÁËÖ´ÐÐЧÂÊÆð¼û, ÐèÒªÏÞÖÆÍø·ÉϵÄÌض¨Çø¶ÎµÄ host Êý, ͨ³£Íø·
¹ÜÀíÕß°ÑËûÃǵÄÍø··Ö³É¼¸¸öСÍø· (subnets), È»ºó assign ÿ¸öС
Íø·һ²¿·ÝµÄ network addressed, µ± network mask ÒÔ bit µÄÐÎʽ
¸²¸ÇÔÚÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÍø·É쵀 address ʱ, Ëü½«¸æËßÄãËüËùÔÚµÄСÍø·¡£
Õâ¶Ô routing À´ËµºÜÖØÒª, Èç¹ûÄãÕÒµ½Ò»¸ö¿ÉÒÔ¿ìÀÖµØÔÚÍø·Íâ¸úÈË
ÁÄÌìµÄÀý×Ó, µ«ÊDz»ÊÇÔÚÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÍø·ÉÏ, ÄǺܿÉÄÜÄãÉè´íÁË subnet
mask.
ÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕßÔÚÍø·±»¹æ»®Ê±, ¾ÍÒÑÑ¡¶¨ netmask ÁË, Òò´ËËû½«Ìá
¹©ÄãÕýÈ·µÄ netmask. ´ó²¿·Ö class-C µÄСÍø·, ¶¼Ê¹ÓÃ
255.255.255.0 µ±×÷ netmask, ÆäËû´óµÄÍø·ʹÓà class-B netmask
(255.255.0.0). µ±Äã assignÒ»¸ö address ¸øÒ»¸ö device µÄʱºò,
NET-2/NET-3 ³ÌʽÂ뽫×Ô¶¯µØÑ¡ÔñÄÚ¶¨µÄ mask. ÄÚ¶¨Öµ¼ÙÉèÄãµÄÍø·
»¹Ã»±»»®·ÖΪСÍø·, NET-2/NET-3 ³ÌʽÂë»áÑ¡ÔñÒÔϵÄÉ趨×÷ΪÄÚ¶¨
×ÊÁÏ:
For addresses with the first byte:
1-127 255.0.0.0 (Class A)
128-191 255.255.0.0 (Class B)
192+ 255.255.255.0 (Class C)
Èç¹ûÒÔÉÏÕâЩ¶¼²»ÄÜ run, ÊÔÊÔÆäËûµÄ¡£Èç¹û¶¼»¹²»ÐÐ, ÇëÎÊÎÊÄãµÄÍø
·¹ÜÀíÕß, »ò LAN guru (dime a dozen), Äã²»±Øµ£ÐÄ loopback port
µÄ netmask, ³ý·ÇÄãÅÜ slip/plip ¡£
8.2.3. Network Address.
ÕâÊÇʹÓÃÄãµÄ netmask Ëù×÷³öÀ´µÄ IP address.
netmask ÒÔ bit ¶Ô bit À´×ö AND ÔËËã¡£
ÀýÈç:
If your netmask is: 255.255.255.0
and your IP address is: 128.253.154.32 &&
---------------
your Network address is: 128.253.154.0 =
8.2.4. Broadcast Address.
`A shout is a whisper that everyone hears whether they need to
or not' ( Õâ²»ÐèÒª·ÒëÁË°É?)
Õâ¸öÕý³£ÊÇÒÔÄãµÄ network address Óë·´ÏàµÄ netmask À´×ö OR ÔËËã
¡£ ×öµÄ±È˵µÄ¸ü¼òµ¥À²! ¶ÔÒ»¸ö Class-C µÄÍø·À´Ëµ, network mask
255.255.255.0, ÄãµÄ Broadcast Address ¾ÍÊÇÄãµÄ network address
( ÉÏÃæËù¼ÆËãµÄ ), ¸ú 0.0.0.255( Ò²¾ÍÊÇ netmask µÄ·´Ïà ) ×öÂß¼
OR µÄÔËËã,
ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ·¶Àý:
Èç¹ûÄãµÄ netmask ÊÇ: 255.255.255.0 !
netmask µÄ·´Ïà¾ÍÊÇ: 0. 0. 0.255 =
Èç¹ûÄãµÄ Network address ÊÇ: 128.253.154.0 ||
----------------
ÄãµÄ broadcast address ¾ÍÊÇ: 128.253.154.255 =
×¢ÒâÒ»¸öÓÉÀ´ÒѾõÄÔÒò: һЩÍø·ʹÓÃÒÔ network address µ±×÷
broadcast address. Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÒÉÎÊÇëÓëÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕßÁªÂç¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÄÜʹÓà sniffer, »òÆäËûÄÜÌṩÄã×·×ÙÍø·Á÷Á¿µÄÉ豸µÄ»°, Äã
¾Í¿ÉÒÔÒԲ鿴ÆäËû LAN Á÷Á¿, À´¾ö¶¨ network ¼° brodadcast
addresses, ÑÛ¾¦ËæʱҪ¶¢Öø»ò¹ýÂËÿ¸ö·â°ü, ³ýÁËÍù broadcast
address ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ffÁ÷È¥µÄ ethernet ·â°üÖ®Íâ¡£ Èç¹ûÆäÖÐÓÐ
Ò»¸öÄãµÄÇøÓò router µÄ IP source address, ¶øÇÒ protocol ID ²»
ÊÇ ARP µÄ»°, ÄÄÄãÒª check Ä¿µÄ IP address,ÒòΪÕâ¸ö·â°ü¿ÉÄÜÕæµÄ
ÊǸö´ÓÄãµÄ router ¹ã²¥µÄ³öÈ¥µÄ RIP, ÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÂÄ¿µÄ IP address
½«ÊÇÄãµÄ broadcast address.
Ôٴζ£ßÌÄú, Èç¹ûÄ㲻ȷ¶¨, Ò»¶¨Òª¸úÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕß check check!
ËûÃǵİïÖú±ÈÄãÓà config ´íµÄ»úÆ÷À´Á¬Íø·»¹ÄÜ°ïÖúÄã.
8.2.5. Router (`Gateway') Address.
`There must be some way out of here.'
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö½«ÄãµÄ LAN Á¬ÖÁ Internet µÄ»úÆ÷µÄλַ,ÄÇÊÇÄãµÄµçÄÔÁ¬µ½
ÍâÃæÍø·µÄ´©ÌÃ, ÓÐÐí¶àµÄÏÈÀý¿ÉÓÃÀ´ allocating addresses ¸ø
routers, ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÒýÓÃ,ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ:
router ʹÓÃ×îµÍµÄ address,
router ʹÓÃ×î¸ßµÄÊý×Ö¡£
¿ÉÄÜ×î³£ÓõÄÊǵÚÒ»¸ö, router »áÓµÓÐÒ»¸öλַ, ´ó²¿·Ö»á¸úÄãµÄÒ»
Ñù¡£ ³ýÁË×îºóÒ»¸ö byte ÊÇ ".1" Ö®Íâ¡£ ÀýÈç: ¼ÙÈçÄãµÄλַÊÇ
128.253.154.32,ÄÇÄãµÄ router ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ 128.253.154.1. router ʵ¼Ê
ÉÏ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈκÎÍø·ÉÏ¿ÉÓÃµÄ address (& function properly), ¸ú
address Ë¿ºÁûÓоø¶ÔµÄ¹Øϵ¡£ ÄãµÄÍø·ÉÏ¿ÉÄÜÓкü¸¸ö router, Äã
¿ÉÄÜÒª¸úÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕßѯÎÊ¿´¿´, ÕÒ³öÒ»¸öºÏÊ浀 router address
¡£
Èç¹ûÄ㲻ʹÓà loopback µÄ·½Ê½, Äã²»²»ÐèÒª router address. Èç¹û
ÄãʹÓà PPP, ÄÇÄãÒ²²»ÐèÒªÖªµÀÄãµÄ router address, ÒòΪ PPP »á×Ô
¶¯ÌæÄã¾ö¶¨ÕýÈ·µÄ address ¡£ Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà SLIP, ÄãµÄ router
address ½«»áÊÇÄãµÄ SLIP server µÄ address.
8.2.6. Nameserver Address.
´ó²¿·ÖÍø·ÉϵĻúÆ÷¶¼ÓÐʹÓà name server, name server ¸ºÔð·Òë
hostnameÓë ip address µÈµÈ, ÄãµÄÍø¹ÜÕß»á¸æËßÄã×î½üµÄ name
server, ÄãÒ²¿ÉÅܸö nameserver daemon(named) ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏ, ¶ø
ÄãµÄ nameserver ¾ÍÒªÉè³É 127.0.0.1 ( Ò²¾ÍÊÇ loopback port
address). ²»¹ý, Ò²²¢²»ÊǺܱØÒªÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏÅÜ named; ÓÐÐèÒªµÄ
»°¿É¿´ named ÄÇÒ»Õ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãֻʹÓà loopback, ÄÇÄã²»ÐèÒªÖªµÀ nameserver address, ÒòΪ
ÄãÖ»¸úÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Ïà¿´Á½²»ÑáßÖ...
8.2.7. SLIP/PLIP/PPP ʹÓÃÕßÇë×¢Òâ !
ÊÂʵÉÏ, ÄãºÜÓС¸¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª¡¹»ò¡¸¿ÉÄܲ»ÐèÒª¡¹ÖªµÀÈκÎÒÔÉϵÄ×ÊѶ¡£
²»¹ÜÄãÐèÒª»ò²»ÐèÒª¶¼Òª¿´ÄãµÄÍø·ÔõôÁ¬½Ó, ¼°Á¬ÏßÔ¶¶Ë host µÄÄÜ
Á¦, Ïà¹ØµÄϸ½ÚÔÚ SLIP/PLIP ¼° PPP µÄÉ趨ÖС£
8.3. /etc/rc.d/rc.inet1,2 or /etc/rc.net
µ±Äãÿ´Î×Ô¼º¶¯ÊÖÐÞ¸ÄÍø·É豸µÄÉ趨ʱ, Ä㽫¿ÉÄÜÒª°ÑÕâЩ¶«Î÷¼ÇÔÚ
ij¸öµØ·½, ÕâÑùϵͳÿ´ÎÆô¶¯ÉÏÀ´Ê±, ¶¼»á×Ô¶¯É趨Íø·¡£
ÕâЩ `rc' ¿ªÍ·µÄµµ°¸ÊÇרÃÅÉè¼ÆÓÃÀ´×öÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³µÄ³õʼ»¯¡£¶ÔһЩ·Ç
±ê×¼µÄ unix ϵͳ (non-unix-wizard): `rc' ϵÁеĵµ°¸ÊÇÔÚϵͳÆô
¶¯Ê±Óà init program À´Ö´Ðеġ£ ²¢Ö´ÐÐËùÓлù±¾µÄϵͳ³Ìʽ, Ïñ:
syslog, update, ¼° cron ¡£ rc ϵÁеµ°¸Óë MS-DOS µÄ
autoexec.bat ºÜÀàËÆ¡£ rc Ò²¿ÉÄÜ´ú±í `runtime commands'. ÕâЩµµ
°¸Ò»°ãÊÇ·ÅÔÚ /etc ÏÂÃæ, Linux Filesystem Standard Ä¿Ç°²¢Ã»Ó²ÐÔ
¹æ¶¨Òª·ÅÔÚÄÄÀï¡£ÒÀ BSD (/etc/rc.*) »ò System-V (/etc/rc.d/rc*)
µÄ¹ßÀýÁ½Õß½Ô¿É¡£ Alan, Fred ºÍÎÒ¶¼Ê¹Óà System-V µÄÓ÷¨¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ
ÄãÏÖÔÚËù¿´µ½µÄ×´¿ö¡£Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ÕâЩµµ°¸¿ÉÔÚ /etc/rc.d Ŀ¼ÏÂÕÒµ½,
rc.inet1 ¼° rc.inet2 ¿ª»úÆô¶¯Ê±µÚÒ»¸ö±»Ö´Ðеĵµ°¸ÊÇ /etc/rc,È»
ºóÒÀÐòºô½ÐÆäËûµÄ rc ϵÁеµ°¸, Èç: rc.inet1, rc.inet2, ËûÃÇ·ÅÔÚ
ÄÄÀïËûÃǽÐʱô¡¢²¢²»ºÜÖØÒª, ÒòΪ init ÕÒµ½ÃÇËû¡£
ÔÚijЩ°æ±¾ rc ϵÁйØÓÚÍø·µÄµµ°¸½Ð×ö rc.net, ÇÒ·ÅÔÚ /etc ¡£ ÔÚ
linuxÉÏÔòÊÇ·ÅÔÚ rc.inet1 ºÍ rc.inet2, ÇÒ»á½ÓÖøÖ´ÐÐ commands ³ö
Ïֵĵط½ÆäʵûʲôÖØÒª, ÔÚÄãÖ´ÐÐÍø· daemon ¼°Ó¦ÓóÌʽǰ, ÄãÒª
ÏÈ configure interface.
ÎÒÖ¸µÄÕâЩµµ°¸ÊÇ rc.inet1 »ò rc.inet2, ·ÅÔÚ /etc/rc.d Àï, ËùÒÔ
Èç¹ûÄãÕýÔÚʹÓõİ汾ÖÐÊÇ rc.net µÄ»°, ÄãÒª±£ÁôÕâЩµµ°¸ÔÚij¸öµØ
·½, È»ºó×öÊʵ±µÄÐÞÕý¡£
ÎÒÃÇÒª×öµÄʱºò, »á´Ó scratch À´½¨Á¢µµ°¸¡£
8.3.1. rc.inet1
rc.inet1 ʹÓà /sbin/ifconfig ¼° /sbin/route À´É趨Äã»úÆ÷»ù±¾µÄ
tcp/ip ½çÃæ¡£
8.3.1.1. ifconfig
/sbin/ifconfig ÊÇÓÃÀ´É趨ÄãµÄÍø·½çÃæ, ËüʹÓÃÁËһЩ²ÎÊý, Èç:
IP address, netmask, broadcast address. Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓò»¼Ó²ÎÊýµÄ
ifconfigÃüÁîÀ´ÏÔʾÍø· device µÄÉ趨, ÇëÓà man À´²é¿´ ifconfig
µÄÏêϸÄÚÈÝ¡£
8.3.1.2. route
/sbin/route ÊÇÓÃÀ´¿ªÆô, ÐÞ¸Ä, ɾ³ý, routing table ÖеÄÏîÄ¿.Èç
¹ûÍø·ÉÏÓиö datagram Òª´«µÄ»°, Íø·»á²éѯÕâ¸ö table. routing
table ÁгöÄ¿µÄµÄλַ, ¼°Õâ¸ö address ¿ÉÄÜʹÓõ½µÄ½çÃæ.Äã¿ÉÒÔʹ
Óà route Õâ¸öÃüÁî ( ²»¼Ó²ÎÊý ) À´ÏÔʾ routing table µÄÄÚÈÝ
check check route µÄ man page ¾ÍÖªµÀÀ²¡£
8.3.2. rc.inet2
rc.inet2 »áÆô¶¯ËùÓÐÍø· daemon, Ïñ inetd, portmapper µÈµÈ.ÔÚ
rc.inet2 Ò»ÕÂÖлá˵µÄ¸ü¶à¡£Ä¿Ç°ÎÒÃÇÖ»ÖøÖØÔÚ rc.inet1ÔÚ´ËÎÒÌáµ½
Õâ¸öµµ°¸, Èç¹ûÄãµÄµµ°¸Ãû×Ö²»Í¬ ( Èç: rc.net), Äã±ØÐëÒªÖªµÀ
rc.net Ö´ÐйýºóÒªÖ´ÐÐÄĸö rc µµ.ÔÚ´ËÎÒÖ»Ìáµ½Öø¸öµµÃû, ËùÒÔÈç¹û
ÄãÇý¶¯Íø·µÄ rc ²»½Ð×ö rc.inet1 ( ÀýÈç: rc.net)ÄÇÄãÒªÖªµÀÍø·
µÄµÚ¶þ²¿·ÝÊÇɶµµÃû ( »òÐíûÓÐ°É ) ¡£ÔÚÉ趨ÍêÄãµÄÍø· device Ö®
ºó, Äã±ØÐëÒªÖ´ÐбØÒªµÄÍø· application¼° daemon ¡£
8.4. É趨 Loopback device (Ç¿ÖÆÑ¡ÓÃ)¡£
loopback device ²¢²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÕæʵµÄ hardware device. ËûÖ»ÊÇÒ»¸öÈí
Ì嵫ÊÇ¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÒ»¸öʵÌåµÄ interface. ËüµÄ¹¦ÄÜÊÇÈÃÄã¸ü¿ìÀÖµØÁ¬µ½
Äã×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷, ¶øÇҿɲâÊÔÈíÌå, ²»ÐèÒªÕæµÄÁ¬µ½Íø·ÉÏ¡£Õâ¸ö¶«Î÷°ô
´ôÁË, Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ·¢Õ¹Íø·ÈíÌåµÄ»°, ¶øÇÒÄãÓÐ slip µÄÁ¬ÏߵĻ°¡£Äã¿É
ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµ¥»úÉÏ׫д²¢²âÊÔ, Èç¹ûдºÃÁ˾ÍÓà slip Á¬Ï߸øËûîÆðÀ´õß
... Èç¹ûÄãµÄÈíÌåÂÒÀ´µÄ»°Ò²²»»áÓ°Ïìµ½±ðÈË...
ÒÀÕÕ¹ßÀý, loopback device ×ÜÊÇʹÓà 127.0.0.1 Õâ¸ö IP address,
ËùÒÔÄãÔÚÉ趨ʱ½«»áʹÓõ½Ëü¡£
linux µÄ loopback device ½Ð×ö `lo', ÄãÏÖÔھͿÉÒ԰ѵÚÒ»¸ö entry
¼ÓÈë rc.inet1 ÖÐ, ÒÔÏ shell script ½«¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ:
#!/bin/sh
#
# rc.inet1 -- configures network devices.
#
# Attach the loopback device.
/sbin/ifconfig lo 127.0.0.1
#
# Add a route to point to the loopback device.
/sbin/route add 127.0.0.1
# End loopback
#
ÔÚÄãÓà ifconfig À´¸ø¶¨ loopback interface Ò»¸ö IP address ¼°ÓÃ
route ÔÚ routing table ÖÐÔö¼ÓÒ»¸ö entry Ö®ºó, ËùÓÐËÍÍù
127.0.0.1 µÄ·â°ü½«»áË͵½ loopback port.
Õâ±ßÓÐÁ½µãºÜÖØÒª:
µÚÒ»¡¢ netmask ¼° broadcast addresses ÒѾÔÊÐíʹÓÃÄÚ¶¨Öµ, ÓÃÔÚ
loopback device ( ÏÈÇ°ÓÐÔÚ `Network Mask' Ò»½ÚÌÖÂÛµ½
),Óà ifconfig ²é¿´¡£
# ifconfig
lo Link encap Local Loopback
inet addr 127.0.0.1 Bcast 127.255.255.255 Mask 255.0..
à UP BROADCAST LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU 2000 Metric 1
RX packets 0 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
TX packets 30 errors 0 dropped 0 overrun 0
#
µÚ¶þ¡¢ route Ñ¡Ôñ loopback device µ±×÷ route µ½ 127.0.0.1 µÄÔ
Òò²»Ã÷ÏÔ route Õâ¸öÖ¸ÁîºÜ´ÏÃ÷µÄÀ², ËüÖªµÀ 127.0.0.1
ÊôÓÚ±» loopback device Ö§Ô®µÄÍø· , Ëü»á¼ì²é IP address
¼° netmask.Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà route À´Áгö routing table:
# route
Kernel routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref .
127.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 .
ce
#
Note: Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª¼Ó -n ²ÎÊý, Èç¹ûÄãµÄ name resolver »¹Ã»ÕýÈ·µØ
É趨µÄ»°¡£¼Ó -n ²ÎÊýºó, route Ö»»áÏÔʾÊý×Ö numeric
addresses , ¶ø²¿»áÂé·³µ½²éѯ domain name.
8.5. É趨 ethernet device. (Ñ¡Ïî)
Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûÉ趨ÄãµÄ ethernet card Äã»á¶ÔÕâÕâ½ÚÓÐÐËȤµÄ¡£ ²»È»µÄ
»°Äã¿ÉÒÔÂÔ¹ý, ÌøÏÂÒ»½Ú¡£
É趨 ethernet card Óеã¶ù¸´ÔÓ, ±ÈÆðÉ趨 loopback device À´½²¡£
ÄãÏÖÔھͿÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨Ã÷È·µÄ network mask ¼° broadcast address ÔÚ
rc.inet1 ÖÐÁË, ³ý·ÇÄãÈ·¶¨ÄÚ¶¨ÖµÅÜÆðÀ´Ò²Ã»ÎÊÌâ, ÄÇÒ²¿ÉÒÔ¡£
ÄãÐèÒªÒ»¸öÍø·¹ÜÀíÕß assign ¸øÄãµÄ IP address, ×Ô¼ºÍø·µÄ
network mask, ¼° broadcast address.
linux µÄµÚÒ»¸ö ethernet device ½Ð×ö `eth0', µÚ¶þ¸ö½Ð×ö `eth1',
ÆðâÅÀàÍÆ¡£ ÄãÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÈëÒ»¸öеIJ¿·Ýµ½ rc.inet1 µµÖÐ, ÒÔÏÂ
shell script ¶ÔÄãÀ´ËµÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔÅÜ, Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃÕæʵµÄλַµÄ»°:
#
# Attach an ethernet device
#
# configure the IP address, netmask and broadcast address.
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 IPA.IPA.IPA.IPA
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 netmask NMK.NMK.NMK.NMK
/sbin/ifconfig eth0 broadcast BCA.BCA.BCA.BCA
#
# add a network route to point to it:
/sbin/route add -net NWA.NWA.NWA.NWA device eth0
#
# End ethernet
#
²ÎÊý˵Ã÷:
IPA.IPA.IPA.IPA
±íʾÄãµÄ IP Address.
^^ ^
NMK.NMK.NMK.NMK
±íʾÄãµÄ netmask.
^ ^ ^
BCA.BCA.BCA.BCA
±íʾÄãµÄ Broadcast address.
^ ^ ^
NWA.NWA.NWA.NWA
±íʾÄãµÄ Network Address.
^ ^ ^
×¢Òâ route µÄ -net ²ÎÊý. Õâ»á½Ð route Ëù¼ÓÈëµÄ route ÊÇÒ»¸ö¶Ô
Íø·µÄ route, ²»ÊǶÔij¸ö host. ÓиöÐ޸ĵķ½·¨, Äã¿ÉÒÔ²»Éè -net
, Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ /etc/networks ÖÐÓÐÍø·µÄÁбíµÄ»°¡£ ÔÚ 10.3.3
`/etc/networks' ÄǽÚÖлὲµ½¡£
8.6. É趨 SLIP device (Ñ¡Ïî)
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol) ÔÊÐíÄãÔÚ serial line ÉÏʹ
Óà tcp/ip, serial line ¿ÉÒÔÊǵ绰Ïß +dialup modem, »òÊÇÒ»¸öר
Ïß (leased line) Ö®ÀàµÄ¶«Î÷¡£ µ±È»Ê¹Óà slip ÄãÐèÒªÄÜÁ¬µ½Ò»¸ö
SLIP server µÄ¹ÜµÀ, Ðí¶à´óѧ¼°¹«Ë¾ÐкŶ¼Ìṩ slip µÄ¹ÜµÀ¿ÉÒÔÁ¬
µ½È«ÊÀ½ç¡£
Slip ʹÓÃÄã»úÆ÷É쵀 serial ports À´´«Êä IP ·â°ü (datagram), Ϊ
Á˴ﵽЧ¹ûËü»á¿ØÖÆ serial device. Slip device Ãû×Ö½Ð×ö sl0,
sl1µÈµÈ, ÕâÑùµÄÃû×ÖÈçºÎ¶ÔÓ¦µ½ÄãµÄ serial devices ÄØ?
networking code ʹÓà ioctl() (i/o control) system call À´¸Ä±ä
serial devices³É slip devices ¡£ Õâ¿ÉÓÉ dip Óë slattach Á½¸ö³Ì
ʽÀ´×öµ½¡£
8.6.1. dip
dip (Dialup IP) ÊǸöºÜ¾«Ã÷µÄ³Ìʽ, ÄÜÉ趨 serial device µÄËÙ¶È,
Ò²¿ÉÏÂÖ¸Áî×Ô¶¯Á¬Ïßµ½Ô¶¶Ë server, ×Ô¶¯°ïÄã login µ½ server ¶Ë,
ÕÒÑ° server ¶ËËͳöµÄѶϢ, ²¢·ÖÎö³öËü¸øµÄ IP address, ²¢Ö´ÐбØ
ÒªµÄ ioctl À´Çл»ÄãµÄ serial port µ½ slip mode ÏÂ, dip ÓÐÒ»¸ö
ºÜÇ¿´óµÄʹÓà script µÄÄÜÁ¦, ÄÜÈÃÄãµÄ logon ³ÌÐò×Ô¶¯»¯¡£
dip ·ÅÔÚ net-032/net-tools package ÖС£ Ò²ÓÐÐí¶à±ðµÄ°æ±¾µÄ dip
¿ª·¢³öÀ´, ²¢ÌṩÁËÐí¶àеÄÌØÉ«¡£¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÕÒµ½:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Network/serial/dip*
dip-uri Õâ¸ö°æ±¾ËƺõÊǽÏÆÕ±éµÄ°æ±¾, µ«ÊÇÎÒ½¨ÒéÄãÿ¸ö°æ±¾¶¼¿´¿´
¿´ÄĸöÌṩµÄ¹¦ÄܶÔÄã±È½ÏÓÐÓá£
8.6.2. slattach
slattach ÊǸöºÜ¼òµ¥µÄ³Ìʽ, ÈÝÒ×ʹÓÃ, µ«ÊÇËüûÓÐ dip ÄÇÑù¸´ÔÓ¡£
slattach ÊǸöʹÓÃÔÚÄãÓà permanent connection Á¬µ½ÄãµÄ server
¶ËµÄÀíÏë, ¾ÍÏñÒ»Ìõ physical cable, »òÒ»Ìõ leased line ¡£
8.6.3. ʲôʱºòÎÒÒªÓÃʲô?
ÄãÓ¦¸ÃʹÓà dip, µ±ÄãʹÓà modem Á¬ÉÏһ̨ slip server ʱ, »òһЩ
ÔÝʱµÄÁ¬Ïßʱ¡£ÄãÓ¦¸ÃʹÓà slattach, µ±ÄãÓиöרÏß (leased line),
¿ÉÄÜÊÇ cable, ÔÚÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Óë server ¼ä, ÇÒûÓÐÐèÒªÌرðµÄ¶¯×÷À´Á¬
Ïß¹¤×÷ {?} ¡£Çë¿´! 8.6.7 `Permanent Slip connection' Äǽڡ£
É趨 slip ¸úÉ趨 Ethernet interface ( ¶Á 8.5 ` É趨 ethernet
device'ºÜ½Ó½ü, Ö»ÊÇÓÐЩµØ·½²»Í¬¡£ Ê×ÏÈ, slip links ÊÇ unlink
ethernet networks, Ö»ÓÐÁ½¸ö host ÔÚÕâ¸öÍø·ÉÏ, Á¬ÏßÁ½¶Ë¸÷һ̨
»úÆ÷, ²»Ïñ ethernet ÄÇô¿ì¾ÍÁ¬Ïß, slip Òª¿´ÄãÓÃʲôÁ¬Ïß, Äã±Ø
ÐëÒªÓÃÌØÊâµÄ·½·¨ initialize ÄãµÄ network connection ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà dip, ÄÇÔÚ¿ª»úʱ²»»áÕý³£µØÅÜ, ÓÐʱÊÇÔÚµ±ÄãÉÔºó×¼±¸ºÃ
Á¬Ïßʱ¡£Ëü¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯ÅÜ procedure, Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà slattach ÄÇÄ㽫¿ÉÄÜ
ÒªÔö¼ÓһЩ¶«Î÷ÔÚ rc.inet1 µµÖÐ ( <-- ºÜ¿ì¾Í»áÌáµ½...)
slip server Ö÷ÒªÓÐÁ½ÖÖÐÎʽ: Dynamic IP address servers ¼°
static IP address servers. ¼¸ºõÿ¸ö slip server »áÌáʾÄã login
¼°Ï password, µ±Ä㲦½øÀ´µÄʱºò¡£ dip ¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯°ïÄã´¦Àí login
¼° password ¡£
8.6.4. Static slip server with a dialup line and DIP.
Static slip server »áÌṩÄãÒ»¸ö IP address ( ÏàÒìÓÚÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ )
, ÿ´ÎÄãÁ¬ÉÏ server µÄʱºò, Ëü»á¸ù¾ÝËüËùÌṩµÄ IP address À´Éè
¶¨ÄãµÄ slip port ¡£²¢ÒòÓ¦ÄãµÄ modem call, ¶øÒªÇóÄãÊäÈëʹÓÃÕßÃû
³ÆÓëÃÜÂë, Ö®ºó, Ëü±ã»á¿ªÊ¼ÎªÄãÌṩ´«ËÍ×ÊÁϵķþÎñÁË¡£¼ÙʹÄãÓиö
static server, Äã¿ÉÄܾͻáÏëÔÚ /etc/hosts ÀïΪÄãµÄ hostname Óë
IP address ¼ÓÈëһЩ entries ¡£ ÄÇÄã¾Í±ØÐëÒªÉ趨һЩÆäËûµÄµµ°¸,
Èç: rc.inet2, host.conf, resolv.conf, rc.local , /etc/HOSTNAME
¡£ ¼Çס! Äã²»ÓÃÔÚ rc.inet1 ÀïΪ slip µÄÁ¬½ÓÔö¼ÓÈκÎÌØÊâµÄ
commands, ÒòΪÄÇЩ·±ÔӵŤ×÷»áÓÉ dip ΪÄãÍê³É,²»¹ýÄã±ØÐëÌṩ
dip Êʵ±µÄ×ÊѶ¡£½ìʱ, dip ¾Í»áÔÚÄãÃüÁî modem½¨Á¢ the call Ö®ºó
ΪÄãÉ趨ºÃ½çÃæ, ²¢ logging µ½ÄãµÄ slip server ¡£
Èç¹ûÕâ¾ÍÊÇÄã slip server µÄ¹¤×÷, ÄÇÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔÌøÖÁ 8.6.6 ` ʹÓÃ
DIP'ÄÇÒ»½Ú, ¿´¿´ÈçºÎÊʵ±µØÉ趨 dip ¡£
8.6.5. Dynamic slip server with a dialup line and DIP.
ÿ´ÎÄã logon µÄʱºò, dynamic slip server »á´ÓÒ»¶Ñ addresses ÖÐ
Ëæ»úÈ¡³öÒ»¸öµ±×÷ÄãµÄ IP address ¡£ Õâ±íʾ˵Äãÿ´ÎÈ¡µÃµÄ IP
address ¶¼ÊDz»¹Ì¶¨µÄ¡£ ͨ³£Íø·¹ÜÀíÕß»á¹æ»®·ÖÅäÒ»¸ö·¶Î§µÄ IP
address ¸ø server ʹÓÃ, µ±ÓÐʹÓÃÕßÁ¬ÉÏ server µÄʱºò, server
¾Í»áÕÒ³öµÚÒ»¸öÉÐδ±»Ê¹ÓÃµÄ address ²¢·ÖÅä¸øʹÓÃÕß, ²¢ÔÚ
welcome»ÃæÉÏÖª»á, ½ÓÖøʹÓÃÕ߾ͿÉÒÔÓôËÒ» IP address ¿ªÊ¼½øÐÐ
¹¤×÷ÁË¡£
¶ÔÓÚ´ËÀàµÄ server, É趨·½·¨ÀàËÆ static server, ³ýÁËÄã±ØÐëÔö¼Ó
Ò»¸ö²½Öè --- ÒÀ¾Ý server Ö¸¶¨µÄ IP address À´É趨ÄãµÄ slip
device ¡£
ͬÑùµÄ, dip »á×Ô¶¯´¦ÀíһЩ·±ÔÓÀ§ÄѵŤ×÷¡£ ½Ïа汾µÄ dip ²»µ«
»á°ïÄã login »¹»á×Ô¶¯¶Á½øÏÔʾÔÚ welcome »ÃæÉ쵀 IP address²¢
¼ÓÒÔ´¢´æ, ÒÔ·½±ãÄãµÄ slip device É趨¹¤×÷¡£
Èç¹ûÕâ¾ÍÊÇÄã slip server µÄ¹¤×÷, ÄÇÄã¾Í¿ÉÒÔÌøÖÁ 8.6.6 ` ʹÓÃ
DIP'ÄÇÒ»½Ú, ¿´¿´ÈçºÎÊʵ±µØÉ趨 dip ¡£
8.6.6. ʹÓà DIP.
ÈçͬÏÈǰ̸¹ýµÄ, dip ÊǸöÍþÁ¦Ç¿´óµÄ³Ìʽ, ¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Ö´ÐÐ dialin µÄ
³Ìʽ logon µ½Ô¶¶ËµÄ slip server, °ïÄãÁ¬Ïß, ʹÓà ifconfig &
routeÀ´°ïÄãÉ趨ÄãµÄ slip device ¡£
ÏëʹÓà dip ¾ÍÒªÏÈд¸ö `chat script', ÉÏÃæдЩ»ù±¾µÄ commands
list, Èà dip ÒÀÕÕÄãµÄÒªÇóÀ´Ö´ÐÐ actions ¡£ ÏÂÃ渽ÉϵÄÀý×ÓÊÇ
net-032 package µÄ¡£ dip ÊǸöÏ൱ºÃÓõijÌʽ, ÓÐÏ൱¶à²ÎÊý¿Éʹ
Óà , ÓÐÐèÒªµÄÈË, ¿ÉÒԲ鿴 man page, README, »òÕßÊÇ tsx-11 Óë
net-032 distribution ·¶Àýµµ°¸ÉϵÄ˵Ã÷¡£
ÁôÒâÏÂÃæµÄÀý×Ó, ËüÊǼÙÉèÄãËùʹÓõÄÊÇ static slip server,ËùÒÔÒª
ÏÈÖªµÀÄãµÄ IP address ¡£ÈôÊÇʹÓà dynamic slip server, ½Ïа汾
µÄ dip »áÓиö command, ¿É×Ô¶¯¶Á½ø slip device Óë IP address²¢
¼ÓÒÔÉ趨¡£ ÏÂÃæµÄ·¶ÀýÊÇÓÉ Paul Mossip ËùÌṩµÄ, ºÜÊʺϸտªÊ¼Ê¹
ÓõÄÈË, ¿ÉÒÔ°ÑËü´æµµÎª /etc/dipscript
#
# Connection script for SLIP to knoware.nl.mugnet.org
#
# Fetch the IP address of our target host.
main:
# Set the desired serial port and speed.
port /dev/cua0
speed 38400
# Reset the modem and terminal line.
reset
# Prepare for dialing.
send ATZ1\r
wait OK 4
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
dial 666-0999 ## Change to your server's number!
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
wait CONNECT 60
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
# We are connected. Login to the system.
login:
sleep 3
send \r\n\r\n
wait gracelands> 20 ## Change to your server's prompt
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
send login\n
wait name: 10 ## Wait username: prompt
if $errlvl != 0 goto erro
send elvisp\n ## Change to your own!
wait ord: 10 ## Wait password prompt
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
send alive\n ## Change to your own!
wait gracelands> 10
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
send slip\n ## Change to suit your server
wait SLIP 30 ## Wait for SLIP prompt
if $errlvl != 0 goto error
get $local remote 10 ## Assumes the server sends your IP.
30 lo
ce
if $errlvl != 0 goto error ## address as soon as you enter sli.
30 lo
ce
get $remote gracelands ## slip server address from /etc/ho.
30 lo
ce
done:
print CONNECTED to $remote with address $rmtip we are $local
default
mode SLIP
goto exit
error:
print SLIP to $host failed.
exit:
#
# End dip script
ÉÏÃæµÄ example ¼ÙÉèÄãºô½ÐÒ»¸ö dynamic slip server, Èç¹ûÄãºô½Ð
static slip server, °ÑÒÔÏÂÁ½ÐÐɾ³ý ( »ò comment):
get $local remote 10 ## Assumes the server sends your IP..
if $errlvl != 0 goto error ## address as soon as you enter slip.
µ± dip ±»¸øÓè get $local µÄ command, Ëü»áÔÚ´ÓÔ¶¶Ë¶Á½øµÄÎÄ×Öµµ
ÖÐËÑÑ°ÀàËÆ IP address µÄ×Ö´®, Ò²¾ÍÊÇÒÔ `.' Ëù·Ö¸ôµÄÊý×Ö×Ö´®¡£
ÕâÏî¸ü¶¯ÊÇΪÁË dynamic slip servers ¶øÌرð¼ÓÉϵÄ,ÒÔ±ã×Ô¶¯¶ÁÈ¡
server Ëù·ÖÅäµÄ IP address ¡£
ÉÏÃæµÄÀý×Ó»á×Ô¶¯½¨³ö default route À´¶ÔÓ¦ÄãµÄ slip link ¡£¼Ùʹ
˵Õâ²»ÊÇÄãÏëÒªµÄ, ¶øÊÇÏëÒÔ±ðµÄµ±×÷ÄãµÄ default route µÄ»°,¾Í½«
ÕâÏîÄÚ¶¨µÄ command ÒÆ×ß¾ÍÊÇÁË¡£ÔÚÅÜÍêÕâ¸ö script Ö®ºó,Èç¹ûÄãÏÂ
ifconfig Õâ¸öÖ¸Áî, ¾Í»á¿´µ½ÄãÓиö slip device ½Ð s10¡£µ±ÄãÓÐÐè
ÒªµÄʱºò, »¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚ dip µÄ command Ö´ÐнáÊøÖ®ºó, Óà ifconfig ºÍ
route Ö¸Áî, ×ÔÐÐÐÞ¸ÄËüµÄÉ趨¡£
dip ÔÊÐíʹÓÃÕßʹÓà mode Õâ¸öÖ¸ÁîÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸öºÅÂëÒÔʹÓò»Í¬µÄж¨,
Ò»°ãÓõ½µÄͨ³£ÊÇ cslip ¡£ ²»¹ý±ØÐëÁôÒâµÄÊÇÕâ¸öж¨±ØÐëÊÇÁ¬ÏßÁ½
¶ËËùͬÒâµÄ, ËùÒÔÎÞÂÛÄãÑ¡µÄÊǺÎÖÖж¨, Ä㶼±ØÐëÈ·ÈÏ server Ò²ÊÇ
ʹÓÃÏàͬµÄж¨¡£
ÉÏÃæËù˵µÄÀý×ÓÊÇÏ൱¼òÂÔµÄ, ¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÓÐЩ´íÎó´æÔÚ, Çë×ÔÐвο¼ dip
µÄ man page ¡£ÉõÖÁÄã¿ÉÒÔ¿¼ÂÇÔÙ¼ÓÉÏһЩ¹¦ÄÜ, ÀýÈç: Ôڵȴýʱ¼äÄÚ
δÁ¬ÉÏ server ºóÖØв¦½Ó, »òÊÇÒ»´ÎÖ¸¶¨Êý¸ö server À´ÂÖÁ÷²¦½Ó¡£
8.6.7. Permanent slip connection using a leased line and slattach.
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÌõ cable, »òÊÇÓÐ leased line »¹ÊÇÆäËû permanent serial
connection À´Á¬½ÓÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÓëÆäËû»úÆ÷, ÄÇÄã¾Í²»±ØÈÌÊÜʹÓà dip ʱ
Ëù±ØÐëÔâÓöµÄÂé·³, ÒòΪÓиöºÃÓõĹ«ÓóÌʽ slattach ¿ÉÌṩÄã×ã¹»
µÄ¹¦ÄÜÀ´×öÁ¬½ÓµÄÉ趨¡£
¼ÈÈ»ÄãµÄÁ¬½ÓÊÇÊôÓڹ̶¨²»±äµÄÄÇÒ»Àà, Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏëÒªÔÚ rc.inet1ÖÐ
¼ÓÈëһЩÉ趨¡£ »ù±¾ÉÏ, ÄãËùÐèÒª×÷µÄ¾ÍÊÇΪ serial device É趨ºÃ
ÕýÈ·µÄËÙ¶ÈÓëÇл» serial device ³É slip mode ¡£ slattach Õâ¸öÖ¸
Áî¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúÄã×öµ½ÉÏÊöÉ趨¡£ °ÑÏÂÃæÕâ¶Î·¶Àý¼Óµ½ÄãµÄµµ°¸ rc.inet1
Ö®ÖÐ:
#
# Attach a leased line static slip connection
#
# configure /dev/cua0 for 19.2kbps and cslip
/sbin/slattach -p cslip -s 19200 /dev/cua0 &
/sbin/ifconfig sl0 IPA.IPA.IPA.IPA pointopoint IPR.IPR.IPR.IPR up
#
# End static slip.
Where:
IPA.IPA.IPA.IPA
represents your IP address.
IPR.IPR.IPR.IPR
represents the IP address of the remote end.
slattach »áʹÓõÚÒ»¸öÉÐδ±»Õ¼ÓÃµÄ slip device À´µ±×÷Ìض¨µÄ
serial device ¡£ slattach »áÓÉ s10 ¿ªÊ¼ËÑÑ°, Èô s10 ±»Õ¼ÓÃÁË,
¾Í»á²é¿´ s11 ÊÇ·ñ¿ÉÓÃ.. ÒÔ´ËÀàÍÆ, Ö±µ½ÕÒµ½¿ÉÓÃµÄ slip device
¡£
slattach ÔÊÐíÄãÓà -p µÄ²ÎÊýÉ趨ʹÓò»Í¬µÄж¨¡£ ¿ÉÒÀ¾ÝÄãÊÇ·ñÐè
ҪѹËõÀ´¾ö¶¨Ê¹Óà cslip »¹ÊÇ slip, ²»¹ýÁ¬ÏßµÄÁ½¶Ë±ØÐëʹÓÃͬÑùµÄ
ж¨¾ÍÊÇÁË¡£
8.7. É趨 PLIP device. (Ñ¡Ïî)
plip (Parallel Line IP), ËüÓÃÀ´ÌṩÔÚÁ½Ì¨»úÆ÷¼ä×öµã¶ÔµãµÄÁ¬Ïß,
³ýÁËʹÓõçÄÔÉϵÄƽÐвº (parallel ports) ¶ø²»Ê¹Óô®Áвº (serial
ports), Ëü¸ú slip ºÜÏñ¡£ ÒòΪʹÓà parallel port ¿ÉÒÔÒ»´Î´«Ê䳬
¹ý 1 bit µÄ×ÊÁÏ, ¶øÇÒ parallel device ¿ÉÒÔ´ïµ½±È serial device
¸ü¸ßµÄ´«ÊäÂÊ¡£ ³ý´ËÖ®Íâ, ÉõÖÁ×î¼òµ¥µÄ parallel ports, printer
ports ¶¼ÄÜʹÓÃ, in lieu of you having to purchase
comparitively expensive 16550AFN UART's for your serial ports.
Çë×¢ÒâÓÐЩϥÉÏÐ͵çÄÔʹÓõľ§Æ¬×é²»ÄÜÌṩ PLIP µÄ¹¦ÄÜ, ÒòΪ
PLIPҪʹÓõ½ combinations of signals, Ó¡±í»ú²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃÕâÖÖ
combinations of signals ¡£
Linux plip interface ¸ú Crywyr Packet Driver PLIP ÏàÈÝ, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ
˵ÄãµÄ linux ¿ÉÒÔ͸¹ý plip Á¬µ½ DOS »úÆ÷ÅÜ TCP/IP ÈíÌå¡£
compile kernel ʱ, Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸ö /usr/src/linux/driver/net/CONFIG
Õâ¸öµµ°¸ÐèÒªÉ趨, Ëû°üº¬ plip timers in mS. ÄÚ¶¨ÖµÔڴ󲿷ֵÄʱ
ºò¶¼Ã»ÎÊÌâ, Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÔö¼ÓһЩ , Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÌر𡸹êËÙ¡¹µÄµçÄÔµÄ
»°, ÔÚÕâ¸ö×´¿öÏÂ, the timers to increase are actually on the
other computer ¡£
ÄãÐèÒªÔö¼ÓÏÂÁеÄÊýÐе½ rc.inet1:
#
# Attach a PLIP interface
#
# configure first parallel port as a plip device
/sbin/ifconfig plip0 IPA.IPA.IPA.IPA pointopoint IPR.IPR.IPR.IPR .
30 lo
ce
#
# End plip
˵Ã÷:
IPA.IPA.IPA.IPA
±íʾÄã×Ô¼º»úÆ÷µÄ IP address.
IPR.IPR.IPR.IPR
±íʾԶ¶Ë»úÆ÷µÄ IP address.
Õâ¸öµã¶ÔµãµÄ²ÎÊý¸ú slip Ò»ÑùµÄÒâ˼, ËüÖ¸¶¨ ÁíÍâÒ»¶ËµÄ address¡£
³ýÁËËü²»ÐèÒª dip Óë slattach Ö®Íâ, ÆäʵÄã¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ plip interface
¿´³ÉÊÇ slip interface ¡£
8.7.1. PLIP ½Ó½Åͼ
plip ÒѾÉè¼ÆÀ´Ê¹Óà cable ¸úÏàͬµÄ½Ó½Å½¨Á¢Á¬Ïß¡£ÏÖÔÚÆÕ±éµÄʹÓÃ
ÊÇÔÚ MS-DOS »·¾³Ï pc-pc µÄµµ°¸´«Êä¡£
Õâ¸ö½Ó½Åͼ ( ÔÚ /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/plip.c ÄÚ )¿´À´ÊÇÕâ
¹øÑù×ÓµÄ:
Pin Name Connect pin - pin
--------- -------------------------------
GROUND 25 - 25
D0->ERROR 2 - 15
ERROR->D0 15 - 2
D1->SLCT 3 - 13
SLCT->D1 13 - 3
D2->PAPOUT 4 - 12
PAPOUT->D2 12 - 4
D3->ACK 5 - 10
ACK->D3 10 - 5
D4->BUSY 6 - 11
BUSY->D4 11 - 6
D5 7*
D6 8*
D7 9*
STROBE 1*
FEED 14*
INIT 16*
SLCTIN 17*
×¢Òâ: ²»ÒªÈ¥½Óµ½±êÓÐ `*' µÄ½Ó½Å, ¶îÍâµÄ ground ÊÇ 18,19,20,21,
22,23, and 24.
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃµÄ cable Íâ²ãÊÇÓýðÊô°üÆðÀ´µÄ»°, ÄÇËüÓ¦¸Ã½Óµ½½ðÊô°ü
Íâ²ãµÄ DB-25 (at one end only. {?})
¾¯¸æ: ÂÒ½Ó PLIP cable Ïß¿ÉÄÜ´Ý»ÙÄãµÄ¿ØÖÆ¿¨, Òª·Ç³£Ð¡ÐÄ, ÿ¸öÁ¬
Ï߶¼Òª¼ì²éÁ½´Î, ÒÔÈ·¶¨Äã²»»áÈÃ×Ô¼º°××ö¹¤»òÊÇÔì³ÉÐĽÊÍ´...
ËäÈ»Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà PLIP cables À´×ö³¤¾àÀëµÄÁ¬Ïß, µ«ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¾¡Á¿±ÜÃâ
¡£¹æ¸ñÖй涨ֻÄÜÁ¬´óÔ¼Ò»¹«³ß, µ±ÄãÅܳ¤¾àÀëµÄ PLIP ¡¡Ê±, ҪСÐÄ
Ç¿Áҵĵç´Å³¡, ÉÁµç, µçÔ´Ïß, ÊÕÒô»ú´«ËÍÆ÷, ¿ÉÄÜ»á»ÙËðÄãµÄ¿ØÖÆ¿¨
¡£ Èç¹ûÄã¼á³ÖʹҪ³¤¾àÀëÁ¬Ïß, ÄÇÄãÓ¦¸ÃÕÒµ½±ãÒËÒ»µãµÄ ethernet
card²¢Ê¹Óà coaxial cable ¡£
9. Routing(Ç¿ÖƵÄ)
ÔÚÄãÉ趨ÍêËùÓÐ network device Ö®ºó, ÄãÒªÏëÏëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÒªÈçºÎÈÆËÍ
(route) IP datagrams ¡£ Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÓÐÉ趨һ¸ö network device ÄÇÄã
µÄÑ¡ÔñºÜ¼òµ¥, ÒòΪÈκλúÆ÷µÄËùÓзâ°ü (datagrams) ¶¼Òª¾¹ýÄǸö
interface À´³öÈë¡£Èç¹ûÄãÓг¬¹ýÒ»¸öÒÔÉ쵀 network interface, ÄÇ
ÄãµÄÑ¡Ôñ¾Í¸´ÔÓÒ»µã, Äã¿ÉÄÜÔڼҵĻúÆ÷ÉÏͬʱӵÓÐÒ»¸ö ethernet
device ¼°Ò»¸ö slip connection, ÄÇÄã±ØÐ뽫·â°ü¶¼µ¼Ïò¼ÒÀïµÄ»úÆ÷,
ÇÒÆäËûµÄÔò͸¹ý ethernet device ¡£ Routing ÊǸöºÜ¼òµ¥µÄ»úÖÆ, µ«
ÊDz»Òªµ£ÐÄ, Èç¹û¸Õ¿ªÊ¼µÄʱºòÄã·¢ÏÖ¶ÔÄãÀ´ËµÓеãÄÑÁ˽â, ÿ¸öÈ˶¼
ÕâÑùÀ²!
Äã¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾÄãµÄ routing table µÄÄÚÈÝ, ʹÓà route Õâ¸öÃüÁî ( ²»
¼Ó²ÎÊý ) ¡£
unix network ÓкܶàµÄ³£ÓõĻúÖÆ¿ÉÒÔÉ趨¡£ÎÒ½«¼òÒªµØÖðÒ»½éÉÜ¡£
9.1. Static/Manual(ÊÖ¶¯µÄ) Routes.
Static routing, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ `hard coded' routing, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵, Èç¹ûÄã
µÄÍø·¹ÒÁ˵Ļ°Ëü²»»á¸ü¶¯, {?}or if an alternate route becomes
available. Static routes ³£ÓÃÓÚ¼òµ¥µÄÇÒûÓÐ alternate routes
available µÄÍø·, where you have a very simple network with no
alternate routes available to a destination host, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵,µ½
Ä¿µÄÖ÷»úÖ»ÓÐΨһµÄ·¾¶, or where you want to route a
particular way to a host regardless of network changes. ÔÚ
LinuxÖÐ manual routes ÓÐÒ»¸öÌرðµÄÓô¦, Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸ö route µ½ slip
»ò plip host, ÕâЩ host ÏÈÇ°ÒѾÒÔ ifconfig ¼Ó pointopint ²ÎÊý
À´É趨¡£Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ slip/plip Á¬Ïß, ÇÒÒѾÒÔ pointopoint ²ÎÊýÀ´Ö¸
¶¨Ô¶¶ËÖ÷»ú, ÄÇÄãÓ¦¸ÃÔö¼ÓÒ»¸ö static route µ½ÄǸö½Úµã address
ʹµÃ ip routing ÈíÌåÖªµÀÈçºÎÈÆËÍ·â°üµ½ÄǸöλַ¡£ Äã¿ÉÔÚ tcp/ip
Á¬ÏßÉÏʹÓà route Ö¸Áî, ͸¹ýרÏß, ÏÈÇ°µÄÀý×ÓÏñÕâÑù:
#/sbin/route add IPR.IPR.IPR.IPR
˵Ã÷:
IPR.IPR.IPR.IPR
±íʾԶ¶ËÖ÷»úµÄ IP address
9.2. default Route.
default route µÄ»úÖƶԴ󲿷ÝÍø·É쵀 end-user workstation/host
×îÆÕͨҲ×îÓÐÓÃ, default route ÊÇÒ»¸öÌرðµÄ static route, Ëü·û
ºÏÿ¸ö destination address, ʹµÃÈç¹û¶ÔÒ»¸ö datagram À´ËµÒѾû
ÓÐÆäËûµÄ route ¿ÉÒÔËÍÁ˵Ļ°, ½«»áʹÓà default route ¡£ {?} Èç
¹ûÄãÒÑÉ趨¶¨ÒåÓе¥Ò»µÄ ethernet interface, »òÕßµ¥Ò»µÄ slip
interface device, ÄÇÄãÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔ͸¹ýËüÖ¸µ½ÄãµÄ default route ¡£
ÔÚ ethernet interface ÕâÖÖ×´¿öÏÂ, Linux kernel ¾ÍÖªµÀÒª½«
datagram Ë͵½Íø·ÉϵÄÄÄһ̨Ö÷»ú¡£ ËüʹÓà network address ¼°
network mask À´ÔË×÷¡£ Õâ±íʾÄÇЩ kernel ËͲ»µ½Ä¿µÄµØµÄ
datagrams ÊÇÄÇЩ²»´æÔÚÍø·ÉϵÄÈË¡£ Ϊʹ default route ÄÜÕý³£ÔË
×÷, ÄãÒªÉ趨 default route µ½ÄãµÄ router address, ÒòΪËüÊÇÄãÓë
ÍâÃæÁªÏµµÄ¹¤¾ß¡£Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà slip connection, ÄÇÄãµÄ slip server
½«»á±ä³ÉÄãµÄ router, ËùÒÔÄãµÄ default route ½«»á͸¹ýÄãµÄ slip
server À´´ï³É¡£
ÔÙÀ´ÊÇÉ趨ÄãµÄ default route, µ±ÄãËùÓÐµÄ network device ¶¼É趨
ºÃºó, ÔÚ rc.inet1 ÖмÓÈë ÒÔϼ¸ÐÐ:
#
# Add a default route.
#
/sbin/route add default gw RGA.RGA.RGA.RGA
#
˵Ã÷:
RGA.RGA.RGA.RGA
±íʾÄãµÄ Router/Gateway µÄ Address.
9.3. Proxy ARP.
ÕâÊǸö ugly, hazard prone µÄ·½·¨, ¶øÇÒÈç¹ûÄãÃÇÖ®ÖÐÓÐЩÈËÎÞÂÛÈç
ºÎ¶¼´òËãʹÓÃËüµÄ»°, ÄǾÍÒª¸ñÍâµÄСÐÄÂÞ¡£
´ó²¿·Ö»áÓõ½ proxy arp µÄÈ˶¼ÊÇ°Ñ Linux machine É趨³Éһ̨
slip dial-in server ¡£ ÒòΪÕâЩÈË»áʹÓõ½ PPP, ¶ø PPP daemonΪ
ÁËʹÓÃÉϵݲȫ»á¼ò»¯²¢×Ô¶¯´¦ÀíÕâЩ¹¤×÷¡£
×ÔÈ»µØ, µ±Ò»¸ö ethernet É쵀 host ÏëÓëÄã talk, Ëü¾ÍÖ»ÖªµÀÄãµÄ
IP address ¶ø²»Çå³þÄãµÄ hardware address, Ò²¾Í²»Öª¸Ã½«
datagrams ÍùÄÄ´«ËÍ¡£ APR mechanism Ϊ´ËÌرðÌṩÁËÒ»¸ö mapping
function À´´¦Àí network address Óë hardware address Ö®¼äµÄÎÊÌâ
¡£
¼ÙʹÄãÏë°Ñ×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷µ±×÷ server À´·þÎñÆäËû»úÆ÷ʱ,µ±ÆäËûµÄ»úÆ÷
ûÓÐʵ¼ÊÁ¬ÉÏ enthernet ʱ,¾Í±ØÐëÈÃÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÄÜ´ú±íÕâЩ»úÆ÷, »ØÓ¦
¶ÔÆä IP address ËùÌá³öµÄ ARP requests ¡£ ÀýÈçÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÓÐ
128.253.154.120-124 Õ⼸¸ö IP address À´·ÖÅä¸ø dial-in µÄ slip
ʹÓÃÕß, ¶øÄãËùÓµÓÐµÄ ethernet card Ö® hardware address Ϊ
00:00:C0:AD:37:1C ( ¿ÉÒÔÓà ifconfig Õâ¸öÖ¸ÁîÀ´ÕÒ ) ¡£ Äã¾ÍÒªÔÚ
Linux server µÄ rc.inet1 µÄ×îºó¼ÓÉÏÏÂÃæÕ⼸Ìõ commands, ÒÔ±ã»Ø
Ó¦¶ÔÕâЩ addresses ËùÌá³öµÄ arp requests by proxy ¡£
#
# Proxy ARP for those dialin users who will be using this
# machine as a server:
#
/sbin/arp -s 128.263.154.120 00:00:C0:AD:37:1C pub
/sbin/arp -s 128.263.154.121 00:00:C0:AD:37:1C pub
/sbin/arp -s 128.263.154.122 00:00:C0:AD:37:1C pub
/sbin/arp -s 128.263.154.123 00:00:C0:AD:37:1C pub
/sbin/arp -s 128.263.154.124 00:00:C0:AD:37:1C pub
#
# End proxy arps.
pub µÄ²ÎÊýÊDZíʾ `publish', ÓÃÀ´Ö¸Ê¾ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ΪÕâЩ addresses»Ø
Ó¦ requests, ¼´Ê¹ÄDz»ÊÇÄãµÄ»úÆ÷µÄ addressses, Ò²»áÓÃÄã»úÆ÷µÄ
hardware address »úÀ´»ØÓ¦¡£
µ±È», Äã±ØÐëÈ·¶¨ÔÚÄãµÄ Linux server µÄ routes Àï,ÒѾ½«ÕâЩ
addresses ÓëËüÃÇÒª¶ÔÓ¦Á¬½ÓÉ쵀 slip device ¶¼É趨ºÃÁË¡£
¼ÙʹÄãʹÓÃÁË PPP, Äã²»±Øµ£ÐÄ»áÒòÈËΪʧÎó¶ø¸ã»ìÁË arp table ¡£
ÒòΪµ±Ô¶¶ËµÄ»úÆ÷Óë server ÊÇÔÚͬһ¸öÍø·ÉÏ, ÈôÄãʹÓÃÁË
proxyarp Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý, pppd ¾Í»áΪÄã´¦ÀíÕâЩ entries ¡£ ²»¹ýÄãÒ²Òª
ÔÚ server's pppd µÄ command line ¼ÓÉÏ the netmask of network
¡£
9.4. gated - the routing daemon.
gated ÔÚÓÐЩ״¿öÏ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´´úÌæ proxy arp, ÊÖ½ÅÒ²±È½ÏÀþÂä, µ«ÊÇ
Ëü×î´óµÄ¹¦ÄÜÔÚÓÚ: Èç¹ûÄãÒª°ÑÄãµÄ linux »úÆ÷µ±×÷Íø·µÄ ip
router gated Ìṩ֧ԮÐí¶à routing protocols ¡£ ÕâЩ protocols
ÊÇ RIP, BGP, EGP, HELLO, and OSPF ¡£×ʹÓÃÔÚÓÐ RIP µÄСÍø·,
RIP ´ú±í `Routing Information Protocol' ¡£ Èç¹ûÄãÅÜ gated, Ϊ
rip É趨, ÄãµÄ linux »úÆ÷½«¶¨ÆÚÓÃÌØÊâµÄ¸ñʽ¹ã²¥ routing table
¸øÄãµÄÍø·¡£ÕâÑù×öµÄ»°, ËùÓÐÔÚÄãµÄÍø·ÉϵĻúÆ÷¶¼»áÖªµÀÄĸöλַ
¿É͸¹ýÄãµÄ linux Á¬ÉÏ¡£
gated ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´´úÌæ proxy arp, µ±ËùÓÐÍø·É쵀 hosts ¶¼ÅÜ gated
& routed µÄʱºò¡£Èç¹ûÄãÓиö¿¿ÊÖ¶¯¼°¶¯Ì¬µÄ route »ìºÏµÄÍø·, Äã
Ó¦¸Ã°ÑÈκÎÊÖ¶¯ÐÞ¸ÄµÄ route ±êΪ `passive', ²¢È·¶¨ËüÃDz»»á±»
gated ´Ý»Ù, ÒòΪËü²»»á update ¡£
gated Õý³£ÊÇÓÉÄãµÄ rc.inet2 À´Æô¶¯, (rc.inet2 ÏÂÒ»½Ú»á½² ), Äã
¿ÉÄÜÒѾ¿´µ½Ò»¸ö½Ð routed µÄ daemon ÕýÔÚÅÜ... gated ±È routed
¸üÓÅÔ½, ÒòΪËü¸üÓе¯ÐÔÇÒ¹¦ÄܸüÇ¿¡£ ËùÒÔÄãÓ¦¸ÃÅÜ gated ¶ø²»ÊÇ
routed ¡£
9.4.1. È¡µÃ gated
Gated ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Network/daemons/gated.linux.bin.tgz
/gated.linux.man.tgz
/gated.linux.tgz
gated.linux.tgz ÊÇÔʼ³ÌʽÂë, Äã¿ÉÄܲ»ÐèÒª, ³ý·ÇÄãÒòΪijЩÔÒò¶ø
Ï£ÍûÖØРcompile Ö´Ðеµ¡£
9.4.2. °²×° gated
gated µÄ binary °æ°üº¬Èý¸ö³Ìʽ¼°Á½¸öÉ趨µµ:
³Ìʽ:
gated
ʵ¼ÊÉ쵀 gated daemon.
gdc
gated µÄʹÓÃÕß²Ù×÷½çÃæ¡£ ÊÇÓÃÀ´¿ØÖÆ gated daemon(Í£Ö¹¡¢
Æô¶¯¼°È¡µÃ״ֵ̬)¡£
ripquery
Ò»¸öÓÃÀ´²éѯ gateway ÒÑÖªµÄ route µÄ diagnostic tool¡£
(ʹÓà `rip query' ¼° `rip poll')
É趨µµ:
gated.conf
gated daemon µÄÉ趨µµ, ÔÊÐíÄãÖ¸¶¨ gated ÒªÈçºÎÔË×÷¡£
Äã¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯/È¡Ïû(enable/disable) ÈÎºÎµÄ routing protocols,
²¢¿ØÖÆ routing protocol µÄÔË×÷·½Ê½¡£
gated.version
ÃèÊö°æ´ÎµÄÎļþµµ¡£
gated µÄ binary °æ, ²¢²»»á°ïÄã°Ñµµ°¸ install µ½ÕýÈ·µÄµØ·½,²»¹ý
»¹ºÃ²»¶à¡£ËùÒÔ»¹ºÜÈÝÒ×½â¾ö¡£
Install binary µÄ¹ý³ÌÈçÏÂ:
# cd /tmp
# gzip -dc .../gated.linux.bin.tgz | tar xvf -
# install -m 500 bin/gated /usr/etc
# install -m 444 bin/gated.conf bin/gated.version /etc
# install -m 555 bin/ripquery bin/gdc /sbin
# rm -rf /tmp/bin
ÎÒ±£ÁôÒ»¸ö networking daemons ÔÚ /usr/etc ÖÐ, Èç¹ûÄãµÄÔÚÆäËûµÄ
Ŀ¼ÖÐÄã±ØÐëÒªÐÞ¸Ä target directory, gated µÄ·¶Àýµµ°üº¬Ä£Äâ¾É
µÄ routed daemon µÄÉ趨:°²×° man page, õßõßÏÂÁм¸ÐÐ:
# cd /tmp
# gzip -dc .../gated.linux.man.tgz | tar xvf -
# install -m 444 man/*.8 /usr/man/man8
# install -m 444 man/*.5 /usr/man/man5
# rm -rf /tmp/man
man page µµ, °üÀ¨ÁËÈçºÎÉ趨¼°Ê¹ÓõÄϸ½Ú×ÊѶ¡£ ÖÁÓÚÈçºÎÉ趨
gated.conf Çë²Î¿¼ gated-config man page ¡£
10. É趨(Configuring) network µÄ daemons
ÈçͬǰÊö, ÓÐÐí¶àµÄµµ°¸ÐèÒªÉ趨²ÅÄÜÅÜÍø·, ÕâЩµµ°¸´ó²¿·ÖÊǸ߽×
µÄÍø·ÈíÌåÉ趨¡£Ã¿¸öÖØÒªµÄ²¿·Ý¶¼»áÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÒ»½Ú˵Ã÷, µ«Êǵ±ÄãÈô
Ãþ¾ÃÁËÖ®ºó, Äã»á·¢ÏÖ, »¹ÓÐÒ»´ó¶ÑµÄÉ趨µµÒªÉ趨¡£
10.1. /etc/rc.d/rc.inet2 (rc.net µÄºó°ë¶Î)
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÕÕÒÔÏÂÎļþÀ´×ö, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¾ÍÒѾÕýÈ·µØÉ趨Íê rc µµÖеÄÍø·
device µÄ address, ²¢ÇÒΪÄãµÄÌض¨µÄÍø·É趨ÍêËùÒª¼ÓÈëµÄ route
ÁË¡£
ÄãÏÖÔÚÐèÒªÆô¶¯Ò»Ð© higher level Íø·ÈíÌå¡£
ÏÖÔÚÌìÆøÕýºÃ, ¿ÉÒÔ¶Á¶Á Olaf's Network Administrators Guide,Òò
ΪËüÊÇÒ»·Ý±¾½ÚÉ趨¶¨ÒåµÄÎļþ¡£
Ëû½«°ïÖúÄã¾ö¶¨ÒªÔÚµµ°¸ÖмÓÈëʲô¶«Î÷, »òÐí¸üÖØÒªµÄ, ÄÄЩ²»Ðë¼Ó
Èë¡£
ΪÁË°²È«¿¼Á¿, Ëü¶ÔÓÚÄãÕýÔÚÅܵÄÍø· service Êö˵ÖпÏ, ºÜÓпÉÄÜ
ÄãµÄϵͳÓÐ security hole, ËùÒÔÖ»ÅÜÐèÒªµÄ service ¾ÍºÃÁË¡£
ÕâÀïÓÐһЩÖØÒªµÄ daemons ( ±³¾°Ö´ÐеÄϵͳ porcess) ÒÔÒªÖªµÀµÄ,
man page Öлá̸µ½, ËûÃÇÊÇ:
10.1.1. inetd.
inetd ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ´¦Àí ineternet connection request µÄ±³¾°³Ìʽ
(daemon) ¡£ËüºÜ´ÏÃ÷Äã²»ÐèÒ»´ÎÅÜÒ»´ó¶ÑûÈËÁ¬½ÓµÄ server ¡£
µ±Ëü·¢¾õÓÐÌض¨µÄ request ( Èç:telnet, ftp) ½øÀ´µÄʱºò, Ëü»á¼ì
²é /etc/services µµ, ÕÒ³öÒªÖ´Ðиà request µÄ³Ìʽ, Æô¶¯¸Ã³Ìʽ,
²¢´¦ÀíÖ®¼äµÄÁ¬Ïß,
°ÑËüÏëÏñ³ÉÊÇÄãËùÓÐµÄµÄ internet servers µÄÖ÷ÈË (master
server),ËüÒ²ÄÚ½¨Ò»Ð©¼òµ¥µÄ±ê×¼ services inbuilt, Èç: Ðã³ö, ºö
ÂÔ¼°²úÉú services, ÕâЩ serives »á±»Ðí¶àÍø·²âÊÔʹÓõ½¡£
10.1.2. syslogd.
syslogd ÊǸö´¦Àí²¢¼Ç¼Õû¸öϵͳµÄ log(message) µÄ daemon.Ëû½ÓÊÜ
ÆäËû³Ìʽ²úÉú²¢Êä³öµ½ syslog µÄѶϢ¡£²¢»á¸ù¾Ý¹æÔòÀ´·ÖÉ¢ÕâЩѶϢ
, ¹æÔò¶¨ÒåÔÚ /etc/syslogd.conf ¡£
ÀýÈç: Ìض¨µÄѶϢÄã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏ£ÍûË͵½ console, ²¢ÇÒË͵½ log µµÖÐ,»ò
ÕßÖ»ÏëË͵½Ò»¸öµµ°¸ÖÐ, syslogd ÔÊÐíÄãÖ¸¶¨Ñ¶Ï¢ÒªË͵½µÄµØ·½¡£
10.2. Ò»¸ö rc.inet2 ·¶Àýµµ
ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»¸ö rc.inet2 µÄ·¶Àýµµ (Fred дµÄ ). Ëü»áÆô¶¯Ò»ÍÕµÄ
serverËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÄÜÒª°Ñ²»ÐèÒªµÄŪÏÂÀ´, Ö»ÁôÒªÅܵľͿÉÒÔÁË...ÈçºÎ
°ÑËü¸øŪÏÂÀ´ÄØ? Ö»Òª°ÑËü¸øÖ±½Ó¿³µô¿³µô»òÔÚ (if µ½ fi µÄ·¶Î§ÄÚ
µÄ )¸ÃÐÐÇ°¼Ó¸ö '#' ¡£ ¼Ó¸ö echo ÉÏÈ¥, ÔÚ boot µÄʱºòÌáÐÑ×Ô¼º¸Ã
serviceÒѾ disable µôÁË, »òÖ´ÐÐÖ¸ÁîÈ·¶¨ËüÔÚ±³¾°¿ìÀÖµØÅÜ... Ïë
Òª»ñµÃ daemon¸üÏêϸµÄ×ÊÁÏÂð? ¶ÔÀ²! ²é²é man page »ò Network
Administrators Guide ¡£
#! /bin/sh
#
# rc.inet2 Õâ¸ö shell script »áÆô¶¯ËùÓÐµÄ INET system.
# ×¢Òâ, µ±Õâ¸ö script ±»ºô½Ðµ½, Ҳͬʱ»á°Ñ NFS ÉÏ
# ÖØÒªµÄ disk(eg. /usr) µãÒ»°Ñ»ð(fire up)
# ÒªÌرð×¢ÒâÏßÉÏÕýÔÚÅÜµÄ binaries...
#
# Version: @(#)/etc/rc.d/rc.inet2 2.18 05/27/93
#
# Author: Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uwalt.nl.mugnet.org>
#
# Constants.
NET="/usr/etc"
IN_SERV="lpd"
LPSPOOL="/var/spool/lpd"
# At this point, we are ready to talk to The World...
echo -e "\nMounting remote file systems ..."
/bin/mount -t nfs -v # This may be our /usr runtime!!!
echo -e "\nStarting Network daemons ..."
# Start the SYSLOG daemon. This has to be the first server.
# This is a MUST HAVE, so leave it in.
echo -n "INET: "
if [ -f ${NET}/syslogd ]
then
echo -n "syslogd "
${NET}/syslogd
fi
# Start the SUN RPC Portmapper.
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.portmap ]
then
echo -n "portmap "
${NET}/rpc.portmap
fi
# Start the INET SuperServer
# This is a MUST HAVE, so leave it in.
if [ -f ${NET}/inetd ]
then
echo -n "inetd "
${NET}/inetd
else
echo "no INETD found. INET cancelled!"
exit 1
fi
# Start the NAMED/BIND name server.
if [ ! -f ${NET}/named ]
then
echo -n "named "
${NET}/named
fi
# Start the ROUTEd server.
# NOTE: routed is now obselete. You should now use gated.
#if [ -f ${NET}/routed ]
#then
# echo -n "routed "
# ${NET}/routed -q #-g -s
#fi
# Start the GATEd server.
if [ -f ${NET}/gated ]
then
echo -n "gated "
${NET}/gated
fi
# Start the RWHO server.
if [ -f ${NET}/rwhod ]
then
echo -n "rwhod "
${NET}/rwhod -t -s
fi
# Start the U-MAIL SMTP server.
if [ -f XXX/usr/lib/umail/umail ]
then
echo -n "umail "
/usr/lib/umail/umail -d7 -bd </dev/null >/dev/null 2>&1 &
fi
# Start the various INET servers.
for server in ${IN_SERV}
do
if [ -f ${NET}/${server} ]
then
echo -n "${server} "
${NET}/${server}
fi
done
# Start the various SUN RPC servers.
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.portmap ]
then
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.ugidd ]
then
echo -n "ugidd "
${NET}/rpc.ugidd -d
fi
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.mountd ]
then
echo -n "mountd "
${NET}/rpc.mountd
fi
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.nfsd ]
then
echo -n "nfsd "
${NET}/rpc.nfsd
fi
# Fire up the PC-NFS daemon(s).
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.pcnfsd ]
then
echo -n "pcnfsd "
${NET}/rpc.pcnfsd ${LPSPOOL}
fi
if [ -f ${NET}/rpc.bwnfsd ]
then
echo -n "bwnfsd "
${NET}/rpc.bwnfsd ${LPSPOOL}
fi
fi
echo network daemons started.
# Done!
10.3. Name Resolution.
Name Resolution ÊǸöת»» hostname(eg. tsx-11.mit.edu) ³É IP
address µÄ process, ÒòΪÍø·ÈíÌåÖ¸Èϵà IP address.ÕâÀïÓÐÁ½¸ö
install µÄ¹¤¾ß (principal mean), Ò»¸ö½Ï¼òµ¥, Ò»¸ö½Ï¸´ÔÓ
10.3.1. /etc/hosts
/etc/hosts °üº¬ÁËÒ»ÍÕ ip addresses ¼°Ïà¶ÔÓ¦µÄ hostname µÄÁбí
¡£ÕâÑù×öµÄ»°, Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà hostname ÓëÍø·ÉϵÄÆäËû»úÆ÷Á¬Ïß¡£¾Í¸ú
ʹÓà ip address µÄ×÷ÓÃÒ»Ñù¡£ ʹÓà nameserver ( ¿´ 10.3.2
`named' Ò»½Ú )ÔÊÐíÄã×Ô¶¯µØ·Òë hostname ³É ip address ¡£ ( µ±
ȻҲÔÊÐíÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ linux »úÆ÷ÉÏÅÜ nameserver) Õâ¸öµµÖÐÖÁÉÙÒª°üº¬
127.0.0.1 localhostÕâÒ»ÐÐ, Èç¹ûÄ㲻ֻʹÓà loopback, ÄãÐèÒªÔö¼Ó
Äã»úÆ÷µÄ ip address ÔÚÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÖÐ ( È«Ãû, Èç: loomer.vpizza.com
), ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÈë gateway ¼° network address¡£
ÀýÈç, Èç¹û loomer.vpizza.com µÄ ip address ÊÇ 128.253.154.32,
/etc/hosts µµÖÐÒªÉè³É:
# /etc/hosts
# List of hostnames and their ip addresses
127.0.0.1 localhost
128.253.154.32 loomer.vpizza.com loomer
# end of hosts
ÓбØÒªµÄʱºò»¹ÒªÔÙÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸öµµ°¸, ÒÔ·ûºÏ×Ô¼ºµÄÐèÒª¡£Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÊÇÔÚ
loopback ״̬ÏÂ, ÔÚ /etc/hosts ÖÐΨһµÄÒ»ÐÐÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ 127.0.0.1,Æä
ºó½ÓÖø localhost ¼°ÄãµÄ hostname ¡£
×¢Òâ: ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄµÚ¶þÐÐ , 128.253.154.32 ÓÐÁ½¸öÃû×Ö:
loomer.vpizza.com ¼° loomer. µÚÒ»¸öÊÇÄãµÄϵͳµÄÈ«Ãû ( "
Fully Qualified Domain Name " ) , µÚ¶þ¸öÊDZðÃû¡£ µÚ¶þ¸ö
ÔÊÐíÄãÖ»´ò rlogin loomer ¶ø²»ÓôòÈ«Ãû , Äã±ØÐëҪȷ¶¨±ðÃû
֮ǰµÄÈ«Ãû¡£
10.3.2. named - ÎÒÐèÒªÂð ?
`I dub thee ..'
named ÊÇ UNIX-like ϵͳµÄ nameserver daemon. ËûÔÊÐíÄã»úÆ÷´¦Àí
name lookup µÄ request, ²»Ö»¸ø×Ô¼ºÓÃ, Ò²¸øÍø·ÉÏÆäËûµÄ»úÆ÷ʹÓÃ
, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵, Èç¹ûÁíÍâһ̨»úÆ÷ÒªÕÒ `goober.norelco.com' µÄ
address,¶øÄãµÄ named database ÖÐÓÐÕâ¸ö×ÊÁÏ, ÄÇÄã¿ÉÒÔ´¦ÀíÕâ¸ö
request,È»ºó¸æËß±ð̨»úÆ÷ `goobers` µÄ address ÊÇʲô¡£
ÔÚ¾ÉµÄ Linuc tcp/ip °æ±¾, Èç¹ûÄãÒª¿ª¸ö alias ( ¾ÍËãÄãҪΪ×Ô¼º
µÄ»úÆ÷¿ª ), Äã±ØÐëÔÚ×Ô¼ºÄÇһ̨ linux ÅÜ named, ²ÅÄÜ×ö hostname
- IP address µÄ·Ò빤×÷, ÕâÔì³ÉÒ»¸ö±È½ÏÄÑÒÔÉ趨¼°Î¬»¤µÄÎÊÌâ,
ΪÁ˽â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ, Óиö³Ìʽ hostcvt.build ÓÚÊDzúÉú, »á½«
/etc/hosts µµ×ª³É named database µµ, ²»¹ý¾ÍËãÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ½â¾ö,
named ÈÔÈ»ºÄµôһЩ CPUµÄ³É±¾, ²¢Ôö¼ÓÍø·Á÷Á¿¡£
×îºóÒ»ÐÐÊÇ: Äã²»ÐèÒªÔÚ Linux ÉÏÅÜ named, SLS Ö¸Á»áÕýÈ·µØ¸æ
ËßÄãÒªÅÜ hostcvt.build À´É趨 named, ÕæµÄû±ØÒªÕâÑù×ö, ³ý·ÇÄã
ÒªÄãµÄ linux µ±×÷±ð̨»úÆ÷µÄ name server, ÄÇÄã²ÅÐèÒª¶ÁÏà¹ØµÄÎÄ
¼þ¡£ µ±Äã²éѯ hostname ʱ, ÄãµÄ linux »úÆ÷½«Ïȼì²é /etc/hosts
µµ,È»ºóÔÙÎÊÍâÃæµÄ name server ¡£
ÄãÒªÅÜ named µÄÔÒò²»ÍâÊÇ:
o ÄãÕýÔÚÉ趨Íø·, ¶øÇÒÐèÒªÒ»¸ö nameserver, ÔÚÍø·ÍâÃæҲûÓÐ
nameserver µÄ»°¡£
o ÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕßÒòΪÖÖÔÒòÒªÄãÅÜ Linux system µ±×÷ nameserver¡£
o ÄãÓиöºÜÂýµÄ slip connection, ÇÒÏ£ÍûÅܸöСµÄ cache-only
nameserver ÔÚÄãµÄ Linux »úÆ÷ÉÏ, ¾Í²»ÓÃÔÙÅܵÀÍâÃæ²éѯ¡£ Èç¹û
ÄãÖ»Á¬½ÓÖ»ÓÐÉÙÊý»úÆ÷µÄÍø·, ÄãÒ²ÖªµÀËûÃÇµÄ ip address, Äã¿É
ÒÔ°ÑËüÃÇµÄ ip address ·Åµ½ /etc/hosts ÖÐ, Ò»µãÒ²²»±Ø×ö
nameserver µÄ lookup µÄ¶¯×÷¡£ Ò»°áÀ´Ëµ, namelookup Ò²²»Âý,
Ò²Ó¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ slip Á¬ÏßÏÂÅܵĺÜ˳¡£
o ÏÐÏÐûÊÂ×ö, ÏëÅÜÅÜ nameserver ÍæÍæ, ´Ì¼¤Âï! ×ܱȡ¸×¥ÊĸÏà
Ò§¡¹ºÃ¶àÁË°É! ·´Õýû´úÖ¾ÎÒ¸ºÔð, ÓдúÖ¾¾Íµ±¸øËû¿´!
Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ, Äã²»ÐèÒªÅÜ named: Õâ±íʾÄã¿ÉÒÔ½« rc.inet2 µµµÄÄÇÐбê
Ϊע½â, Ò²²»ÓÃÅÜ hostcvt.build ÁË, Èç¹ûÄãÒª×ö host µÄ alias,Àý
Èç: Èç¹ûÄãÒª°Ñ loomer.vpizza.com ËõΪ loomer, ÄÇÄãÖ»Òª¼ÓÔÚ
/etc/hosts ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÀ², ʵÔÚûÓÐÀíÓÉÅÜ named ³ý·ÇÄãÓÐÌرðµÄÐèÇó¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÓиö nameserver, ( ¶øÇÒÄãµÄÍø·¹ÜÀíÕßÒ²¸æË߸Ą̃µÄ IP
address), ÄǾͲ»±ØÅÜ named ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÅÜ loopback, Äã¿ÉÒÔÅÜ named ²¢É趨 nameserver address
Ϊ 127.0.0.1, µ«ÊǼÈÈ»ÄãֻʹÓÃÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷, ÄÇÄãÅÜ named ¸ÉÂï?
10.3.3. /etc/networks
/etc/networks ÁгöÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ hostnames, addresses, ¼° networks.
Õâ¸öµµ°¸»á±» route ʹÓõ½, ÈÃÄãÖ»¶¨×Ô¼ºÍø·µÄÃû×Ö, should you
so desire.
ÿ¸öÄãÏëÒª¼ÓÈë routing table ÖÐµÄ network ÒªÔÚ /etc/netork ÖÐ
Õ¼ÓÐÒ»ÐÐ, ³ý·ÇÄãÒ²Ö¸¶¨ -net Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýÔÚ route ÃüÁîÐС£
¸ñʽ¸ú /etc/hosts ºÜÏñ, ÒÔÏÂÊǸöÀý×Ó:
#
# /etc/networks: list all networks that you wish to add route commands
# for in here
#
default 0.0.0.0 # default route - recommended
loopnet 127.0.0.0 # loopback network - recommended
mynet 128.253.154.0 # Example network CHANGE to YOURS
#
# end of networks
10.3.4. /etc/host.conf
Linux ϵͳÖÐÓаüº¬ resolver library, Õâ¸öµµ°¸ËµÃ÷ÄãµÄϵͳ»áÈç
ºÎ²éѯ host name, ËüÓ¦¸Ã°üº¬ÖÁÉÙÒÔÏÂÁ½ÐÐ:
order hosts,bind
multi on
ÕâÁ½ÐиæËß resolve libraries Ïȼì²é /etc/hosts µµ, È»ºóÔÙÈ¥ÎÊ
nameserver ( Èç¹ûÓеĻ° ), ¶àÖØ retry ÔÊÐíÔÚ /etc/hosts ÖеÄ
hostÓкü¸¸ö IP address ¡£
Õâ¸öµµ°¸´Ó Linux µÄ resolv+ bind library ·¢Õ¹¶øÀ´, Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
man page resolv+(8) ÕÒµ½¸ü¶àµÄÎļþ, Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐ man page µÄ»°,
Çëµ½ÒÔϽڵãץȡ:
sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk
/computing/comms/tcpip/nameserver/resolv+/resolv+2.1.1.tar.Z
Õâ¸öµµ°¸°üÀ¨Õâ¸ö resolver library µÄ resolv+.8 man page¡£
10.3.5. /etc/resolv.conf
Õâ¸öµµ°¸Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÉ趨ϵͳµÄ name resolver, °üº¬Á½ÖÖ entry:
nameservers µÄ address ( Èç¹ûÓеĻ° ), ¼°×Ô¼ºÍø· domain( Èç¹û
ÓеĻ° ), Èç¹ûÄãÅÜ×Ô¼ºµÄ nameserver( Ò²¾ÍÊÇ: ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ linux »ú
Æ÷ÉÏÅÜ named ), ÄÇÄãµÄ nameserver ¾ÍÊÇ 127.0.0.1, loopback
address ¡£
ÄãµÄ domain name ¾ÍÊÇÄãµÄ F.Q.D.N µÄ hostname ( Èç¹ûÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÔÚ
Internet ÉÏÓÐ×¢²áµÄ»°¡£ ), È¥µô hostname ¾ÍÊÇÁË, ÀýÈç: ÄãµÄÈ«
ÃûÊÇ: loomer.vpizza.com, ÄÇÄãµÄ domain name ¾ÍÊÇ vpizza.com,
È¥µô hostname 'loomer' ¡£
ÀýÈç: Èç¹ûÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÊÇ goober.norelco.com, ¶øÇÒÓÐÒ»¸ö address ÊÇ
128.253.154.5 µÄ nameserver, ÄÇÄãµÄ /etc/resolv.conf µµÈçÏÂ:
domain norelco.com
nameserver 127.253.154.5
Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨³¬¹ýÒ»¸ö nameserver, ÿ¸ö¶¼ÔÚ resolv.conf µµÖÐÓÐÒ»ÐС£
¼Çðë: ÄãÈç¹ûÖ»ÅÜ loopback, Äã²»ÐèÒª nameserver¡£
10.3.6. É趨×Ô¼ºµÄ Hostname - /etc/HOSTNAME
ÔÚÄãÉ趨ÍêÆäµÄÉ趨֮ºó, »¹ÓÐÒ»¼þ¹¤×÷Òª×ö, ÄãÐèÒªÉ趨Äã×Ô¼º»úÆ÷
µÄÃû×Ö¡£ É趨 hostname Ö®ºó, AP( Èç: sendmail) ²ÅÄÜÈϵÃÄãÊÇË,
¶øÇÒÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷²ÅÄܱ»Ì¨»úÆ÷±æʶ³öÀ´¡£
ÓÐÁ½¸öµµ°¸ÐèÒªÉ趨ÕâÀàµÄ×ÊѶ, ³£³£±»´íÓá£hostname ¼° domainname¡£
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà 1.1.38- ֮ǰ°æ±¾µÄ net-tool ÄÇÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ /etc/rc ÖмÓ
Èë:
/bin/hostname -S
ÕâÑù»á´Ùʹ hostname ÃüÁîÈ¥¶ÁÈ¡ /etc/HOSTNAME, µµÖлá°üº¬È«Ãû¡£
Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵, ÄãµÄ hostname °üº¬ domainname, Ëû½«»á°Ñ F.Q.D.N. ת
³É DNS hostname ¼° domainname Á½¸ö²¿·Ý, °ïÄãÊʵ±µØÉ趨¡£
ÀýÈç: ÒÔÉϵĻúÆ÷ /etc/HOSTNAME µµ°¸ÖÐÓÐ:
goober.norelco.com
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà net-tools-1.1.38+ °æ±¾µÄ hostname, ÄÇÄãÒªÔÚ
/etc/rc.d/rc.inet1 ¼ÓÉÏÒ»ÐÐ:
/bin/hostname goober.norelco.com
·ñÔò, Èç¹ûÄãÊÇ´ÓÔçÆڵİ汾Éý¼¶¹ýÀ´µÄ, ÄãÒª¸ÄΪ:
/bin/hostname -F /etc/HOSTNAME
Ëü»áÕÕÔçÆÚ°æ±¾µÄ×÷·¨À´×ö¡£
/bin/domainname Õâ¸öÃüÁîÊÇÓÃÀ´É趨 "N.I.S. domain name" ¶ø¡º²»
ÊÇ¡» "D.N.S. domain name", Äã²»ÐèÒªÉ趨Õâ¸ö¶«Î÷, ³ý·ÇÄãÅÜ NIS,
NIS ÉÔºóÎÒÃÇ»áºÃºÃµØÁÄÁÄ...
10.4. ÆäËûµµ°¸
µ±È»»¹ÓÐÐ趫µµ°¸ÔÚ /etc Ŀ¼ÏÂ, Äã¿ÉÄÜÒÔºó»á dabble µ½¡£ÎÒ½«Ìá
¹©Ò»Ð©»ù±¾µÄ¸ÅÄîÈÃÄãÁ˽âÍø·, ¶ø²»Ö±½ÓÔÚ´ËÉîÈëÌÖÂÛ¡£ÏêϸµÄ×ÊѶ
¿ÉÔÚ Olaf's Network Administration Guide ÖÐÕÒµ½¡£ Ëü»á½ÓÖøÕâ¸ö
HOWTO ¼ÌÐø½²ÏÂÈ¥¡£ ( ÒòΪÓÐЩ¶«Î÷¿ÉÄÜÒÔºó²Å»áÔÚÕâ¸ö HOWTO Îļþ
ÖÐÂýÂý¼Ó½øÀ´¡£ )
Ò»µ©ÄãÉ趨ºÃËùÓеĵµ°¸, ×´¿öÒ²Ò»Ö±Õý³£, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã reboot ÄãµÄϵͳ
²¢ net away µ½ your hearts content.²»¹ýÎÒ½¨ÒéÄã±£ÁôÒ»·Ý¾ÉµÄ¿ª
»úƬ, ÉõÖÁÐÞ¸´´ÅƬ, ÖÁÉÙÍ·Í»·¢×´¿öʱ»áÓõõ½¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔ HJLu
µÄ `single disk boot disk', »ò SLS °æ±¾µÄ `disk1' ¡£
11. ½é¸ßÉеÄÉ趨(Advanced Configurations)
֮ǰ½éÉܵÄÉ趨½öÊÇÕë¶ÔÒ»¸öÕý³£µÄ ( ûʲ»»áÂÒ×¥µçÄÔ»ò¿Ð¼üÅ̵Ä
) end-user À´ËµÃ÷, Ö»Êǽ²Êö´ó¸ÅµÄÉ趨¡£ ÓÐЩÈ˾õµÃÊÇС case ²»
м¿´³¬¹ýÒ»·ÖÖÓ, ÏëÒªÀ´Ð©´Ì¼¤µÄ... ÒÔϾÍËØÀ²! ( ±¾Õ°üÀ¨: PPP,
SLIP, AMD, router)
11.1. PPP - Point to Point Protocol(µã¶ÔµãͨѶж¨)
PPP ¶Ô conveying multiple protocols( ÀýÈç:tcp/ip) À´Ëµ, ÊÇÒ»¸ö
ÏÖ´úµÄÒ²ºÜÓÐЧÂ浀 protocol, ,, Ðí¶àÈËʹÓà PPP ͸¹ý serial
links È¡´ú slip ¡£ËüÌṩ¸üÇ¿µÄ¹¦ÄÜ, ´íÎóÕì²â, ¶îÍâµÄ×ÊÁÏ°²È«¡£
ËüÐÞÕýһЩ SLIP µÄ deficiencies, ÇÒÊʺÏ×öͬ²½µÄ´«Êä»ò·Çͬ²½µÄ
´«Êä¡£ (asynchronous links and synchronous links)
PPP ÔË×÷ÉϵÄÌØÐÔÊÇ dynamic address allocation, Õâ¸öÌØÐÔÒ²¼¸ºõ
»áÓÉÄãµÄ PPP server À´×ö (exploited), ÔÊÐí PPP client ʹÓÃÌرð
µÄ¸ñʽ»¯µÄ·â°ü, À´»ØÓ¦ server µÄÒªÇó¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÂ, ±È SLIP ¸ü
¼ò»¯É趨¡£ÒòΪ»Ø´« address µÄÄÜÁ¦±ØÐë·¢ÉúÔÚ protocol Ö®Íâ¡£
Linux port ×÷ÕßÊÇ Michael Callahan, <callahan@maths.ox.ac.uk>
¼° Al Longyear, <longyear@netcom.com> ¡£´ó²¿·ÖµÄ×ÊѶ¶¼À´×Ô PPP
ÈíÌåËù¸½µÄÎļþÖС£ÄÇЩÎļþÒ²ÒѾʮ·ÖÍêÕû, »á±ÈÏÖÔÚÎÒËù½²µÄ¸üÉî
Èë¡£
Linux PPP code ÒѾ¾¹ý Alpha ²âÊÔ, ÏÖÔÚÒ²ÒÔ¹«¿ª·¢ÐпÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ¡£
1.0.0 Linux PPP code »ù±¾ÉÏÊмܹ¹ÔÚ Paul Mackerras µÄ free PPP
for BSD-derivative operating systems Ö®ÉÏ¡£ 1.0.0 °æÊǼܹ¹ÔÚ
2.1.1 °æµÄ free PPP code ÉÏ¡£
PPP code ·Ö³ÉÁ½¸ö²¿·Ý¡£µÚÒ»¸ö²¿·ÝÊÇ kernel module, ¸ºÔð handle
frame µÄ assembly ¼° disassembly ¡£µÚ¶þ¸ö²¿·ÝÊǽÐ×ö LCP, IPCP,
UPAP ¼° CHAP µÄ protocol set, ¸ºÔðе÷Á¬Ïß¡£²¢°ÑÁ¬Ïßµ¼Èë¿ÉÒÔÔË
×÷µÄ״̬ÖÐÒÔ±ãÈÏÖ¤ (authentication) ¡£
11.1.1. ΪºÎÎÒҪʹÓà PPP ´úÌæ SLIP ?
ʹÓà PPP ´úÌæ SLIP ͨ³£µÄÔÒòÓÐ:
ÌṩÄãÁ¬ Internet µÄÉ豸ֻ֧Ԯ PPP
Äã»áʹÓà PPP ¶ø²»Ê¹Óà SLIP ×îÃ÷ÏÔµÄÔÒò , Ö÷ÒªÔÚÓÚÌṩÁ¬
Ïߵĵ¥Î»½öÌṩ PPP, ¶øûÓÐ SLIP¡£ Ok, I said it is obvious.
ÄãÓÐÒ»¸ö¡¸±¥ÊܴݲС¹µÄ serial line
PPP ¶Ôÿ¸ö´«ÊäµÄ frame ¶¼»á×ö frame check, SLIP ²»»á¡£
Èç¹ûÄãµÄÏß·ÈÝÒ×ÊܸÉÈÅ,¶øÇÒÄãʹÓà SLIP, error correction
½«»áÔÚÁ¬ÏßÁ½¶Ë(×Ô¼ºµÄ»úÆ÷ÓëÄ¿µÄ»úÆ÷, end to end)À´×ö, ¶ø
PPP È´ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»¶Ë×ö error detection , ÔÚÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Óë PPP
server¡£ÕâÑùÔÊÐí¿ìËÙµÄÐÞ¸´ errors¡£
ÄãÐèÒªÓõ½ PPP ÌṩµÄÆäËû¹¦ÄÜ
PPP ÌṩÐí¶àÐè SLIP ²»ÌṩµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
ÀýÈçÔÚͬһÌõ serial link, Äã¿ÉÄܲ»Ö»Òª´« IP, ҲͬʱҪ´«
DECNET »ò AppleTalk µÄ·â°ü, PPP ÔÊÐíÄã×öÕâÑùµÄÊÂÇé¡£
11.1.2. ºÎ´¦¿ÉÈ¡µÃ PPP ÈíÌå ?
ppp ÈíÌå¿ÉÔÚÏÂÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Networking/serial/ppp-2.1.2a.tar.gz
Õâ¸öµµ°¸°üº¬ kernel source, ¼° pppd source ¼° binary ¡£
Version 1.0.0 ¿ÉÓë kernels 1.0.x and 1.1.x. ÅäºÏʹÓá£ÏÖÔÚ²¢²»
Ö§Ô® Fred's Net-2E µÄ kernel ¡£
11.1.3. °²×° PPP ÈíÌå
PPP µÄ°²×°ÊǺÜÖ±½ÓµÄ¡£( <---°¦...ÎÒ¾¹È»ÔÚ·Òë·Ï»° )
11.1.3.1. The kernel driver.
ÓÐЩ֧Ԯ ppp µÄ²¿·ÝÒѾ½¨Èë kernel ÁË¡£ É趨 kernel ÊǺܼòµ¥µÄ
À², ÒÔϲ½Öè¾ø¶Ô OK! ²»»áËæ±ãµ±¸øÄã¿´...
# cd /usr/src
# gzip -dc ppp-2.1.2a.tar.gz | tar xvf -
# cp /usr/src/ppp-2.1.2a/linux/ppp.c /usr/src/linux/drivers/net
# cp /usr/src/ppp-2.1.2a/pppd/ppp.h /usr/src/linux/include/linux
Ä㽫ÐèÒª°Ñ CONFIG_PPP define ÉÏÀ´, ÔÚ /usr/src/linux/config.in
ÖС£Èç¹ûÄãÕýÔÚÅÜµÄ kernel ÊÇ 1.1.4+ µÄ, ÄÇÄâ¾Í»¹Òª°Ñ NET02D ±ê
Ϊע½â!!!ÔÚ /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/ppp.c ÖÐ, Èç¹ûÄãÅܵÄÊÇ
×îеİ汾,ºÃµ¨Äã¾ÍÂô²ÈСÒÁ¡£
È»ºóÄã¿ÉÒÔ make config, Ñ¡Ôñ PPP support, È»ºóÔÙÏ make
dep;make.´ò¸öµ°»¨¾ÍºÃÀ²!
µ±Äã reboot Рkernel ʱ, Äã»áÔÚ»ÃæÉÏ¿´µ½ÀàËÆÏÂÁÐѶϢ:
PPP: version 2.1.1 (4 channels)
TCP compression code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of .
e
PPP line discipline registered.
ÏÖÔÚÄØ, À´¿´¿´ /proc/net/dev µÄÄÚÈÝ, ¿´ÆðÀ´ËƺõÊÇÕâ¹øÑù×ÓµØ...
Inter-| Receive | Transmit
face |packets errs drop fifo frame|packets errs drop fifo colls carrie.
lifornia
e
lo: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ppp0: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ppp1: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ppp2: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ppp3: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ÄÜ¿´µ½ÕâЩ¶«Î÷¾ÍÊÇ˵Äã²»±ØÔÙÖØÍ·À´¹ýÀ²... °¦... ÀÛ°¡...
11.1.3.2. pppd
Èç¹ûÄãÒªÖØРcompile pppd, ÔÚ pppd Install µÄ×ÓĿ¼Öдò make,
ÔÚ compile lcp.c, upap.c, ¼° chap.c ʱ»áÓо¯¸æ·¢Éú (warning),
²»¹ýû¹ØϵµÄ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÒª recompile chat, ÏÖÁ˽â chat Ŀ¼ÖÐµÄ README.linux.
Install ʱ, ÔÚ chat ¼° pppd Ŀ¼Öдò make install, ½«»á°Ñ chat
¼° pppd µÄ¶þ½øλµµ·Åµ½ /usr/etc ÖÐ, pppd.8 µÄ man page »á·ÅÔÚ
/usr/man/man0 ¡£
pppd ÐèÒªÓà root À´Ö´ÐС£ Äã¿ÉÒÔÓà suid µ½ root »òÖ±½ÓÒÔ root
µÄÉí·ÖÀ´Ö´ÐС£ make install ʱ»á³¢ÊÔ suid µ½ root, ËùÒÔÈç¹ûÄã
ÒÑÊÇ root , ÄÇÓ¦¸ÃûÎÊÌâ¡£
11.1.4. É趨²¢Ê¹Óà PPP ÈíÌå
¾ÍÏñ slip, Äã¿É°Ñ PPP É趨³É server ¶Ë»ò client ¶Ë, chat µÄ¹¦
Äܸú dip ºÜÀàËÆ¡£ »á×Ô¶¯µÄ²¦ºÅ¼° login µ½Ô¶¶ËµÄ»úÆ÷ÖÐÓÐÒ»µã¸ú
dip ²»ÏñµÄµØ·½, Ëû²»»áÖ´ÐÐ ioctl °Ñ serial line ת»»³É PPP
line ¡£ Õâ¸ö¶¯×÷»áÓÉ pppd À´Ö´ÐÐ, pppd ¿ÉÒÔµ±×÷ client »ò
server À´ÅÜ¡£µ±×÷ client ʱ, Ëü»áºô½Ð chat À´½¨Á¢Á¬Ïß¼° login,
È»ºóËüÖ´ÐÐ ioctl °ÑÁ¬Ïßת³É ppp, ¶øºóÈÃÄãʹÓá£
Çë²Î¿¼ pppd ¼° chat µÄ man pages ²é¿´¸üÏ꾡µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£ Ҳ˳±ã¿´¿´
PPP ÈíÌåÖÐËù¸½µÄ README µµ¡£Ëü»á½éÉÜһЩִÐеµÈçºÎÔË×÷, ±ÈÎÒÔÚ
Õâ¿Úĺá·ÉËù½²µÃ»¹¶à¡£
11.1.4.1. Configuring a PPP client by dial-up modem.
Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊǴ󲿷ÖÈËÏë×öµÄÊÂ, ËùÒÔÏȽ²¡£Äã»áʹÓõ½Õâ¸öÉ趨, µ±Äã͸
¹ý dialup modem Á¬ÉÏÓÐÖ§Ô® ppp µÄÍø·¡£ µ±ÄãÒª½¨Á¢ÄãµÄÁ¬Ïßʱ,
ÄãÖ»ÒªÆô¶¯ pppd ³Ìʽ, ²¢¼ÓÉϱØÒªµÄ²ÎÊý¡£
ÒÔϵÄÀý×Ó¿ÉÄÜÆð³õ¿´ÆðÀ´»á¸ã²»Çå³þ¿ö, µ«ÊÇÄãÈô°Ñ ' ' ÄÚµÄÄǶÎ
ÎÄ×Ö¿´³ÉÊÇ pppd µÄµÚ¶þ¸ö²ÎÊý, °Ñ " " ÄÚµÄÎÄ×Ö¿´³ÉÊÇ, chat µÄ²Î
Êý, ÄǾÍÈÝÒ׵öàÁË¡£
pppd connect 'chat -v "" ATDT5551212 CONNECT "" ogin: ppp word: passwo.
ornia
e
/dev/cua1 38400 debug crtscts modem defaultroute 192.1.1.17:
ÕâÒ»ÐÐÊÇÔÚ˵:
o ÓÃÒÔÏÂÕâÒ»ÐÐÀ´ºô½Ð chat:
chat -v "" ATDT5551212 CONNECT "" ogin: ppp word: password
ÄǾÍÊÇ˵: ²¦ 5551212, µÈ´ý `CONNECT' ×Ö´®ËͳõÒ»¸ö CR(carriage
return), µÈ´ý `ogin:', Ëͳö `ppp' ×Ö´®, µÈ´ý `word' È»ºóËͳö
`password', È»ºóÌø³ö¡£
o ʹÓà serial device /dev/cua1
o É趨Ëٶȵ½ 38400 bps.
o debug ´ú±í log(¶¯´Ê) status messages µ½ syslog
o crtscts ±íʾ¶Ô modem ʹÓà hardware handshaking - Ç¿ÁÒ½¨Òé¡£.
o modem ±íʾ pppd ½«»áÔÚ²¦ºÅÇ°ºó, ³¢ÊÔ¹Ò¶Ï(hang up)¡£
o defaultroute »áָʾ pppd Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸ö²úÉú default route µÄ routing
entry¡£´ó²¿·ÖµÄ×´¿öϽ«»áÊÇÄãÒªµÄ¡£
o 192.1.1.17: ±íʾ°Ñ ppp interfaces address Éè³É 192.1.1.17¡£
Õâ¸ö²ÎÊýÕý³£µÄʱºò, ¿´À´Ó¦¸ÃÏñ: x.x.x.x:y.y.y.y , x.x.x.x ÊÇ
ÄãµÄ IP address, y.y.y.y ÊÇ server µÄ IP address, Èç¹ûÄãÊ¡ÂÔ
server ¶ËµÄ IP address, pppd ½«»á ask for it, x.x.x.x ½«»á±»
Éè³ÉÄãµÄ ip address.
Çë²Î¿¼ pppd ¼° chat µÄ man pages.......
(ÕâÒ»¶ÎÇë²Î¿¼ 11.1.4 ×îºóÒ»¶Î)
11.1.4.2. ÒÔרÏß(leased line) À´É趨 PP client
ÒÔרÏß (leaseed line) À´É趨 PPP client ¸úÓà slattach À´É趨
slip À´µÃ¸üÖ±½Ó¡£Ä㻹ÊÇ»áÓõ½ pppd, µ«ÊÇÒòΪÄã²»ÐèÒª½¨Á¢ modem
µÄÁ¬Ïß, ËùÒÔ»á½Ï¼õµ¥¡£
ÀýÈç: ÎÒÔڴ˼ÙÉè ppp server ²»ÓÃÌرðµÄ login procedure.ÎÒÕâÑù
×öÊÇÒòΪÿ´ÎµÄ login ¶¼»á²»Ò»Ñù¡£Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÅÜÇøÓòµÄÁ¬Ïß,Äã¿ÉÄÜÒª
ÕâÑùÉ趨:
pppd connect 'echo connecting...' defaultroute noipdefault debug \
kdebug 2 /dev/cua0 9600
ÉÏÒ»ÐлáÔÚÓ©Ä»ÉÏÐã³öѶϢ, ²¢É趨 ppp interface µÄ default
route "noipdefault" Õâ¸ö²ÎÊý»á½Ð pppd ´Ó server ¶ËÈ¡µÃÕâ¸ö
device µÄ address, ³ý´íµÄѶϢ»áË͵½ syslog ÖС£ "kdebug 2" Õâ
¸ö²ÎÊý»á°Ñ³ý´íѶϢÉè³É level 2, ÕâÑù×ö»á¸øÄã¸ü¶àµÄ×ÊѶÀ´Á˽⵽
µ×³öÁËʲô״¿ö¡£Ëü»áʹÓõ½ /dev/cua0 (9600bps µÄËÙÂÊ ) ¡£
Èç¹ûÄãµÄ ppp server ²»ÐèÒª login procedure Ö®ÀàµÄ¶«Î÷, ÔÚÕâ¸ö
Àý×ÓÖÐ, Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà chat ¡£
Çë²Î¿¼ pppd ¼° chat µÄ man pages.......
(ÕâÒ»¶ÎÇë²Î¿¼ 11.1.4 ×îºóÒ»¶Î)
11.1.4.3. Configuring a PPP server.
É趨 PPP server µÄ³ÌÐò¸ú¼Ü¸ö slip server ÀàËÆ¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿ª¸öÌرð
µÄ `ppp' ÕʺÅ, Õâ¸öÕʺÅʹÓÃÒ»¸ö¿ÉÖ´ÐÐµÄ scriptÀ´µ±×÷ login
shell ¡£ /etc/passwd µµÖеĸÃÐп´ÆðÀ´ÏñÕâÑù:
ppp:EncPasswd:102:50:PPP client login:/tmp:/etc/ppp/ppplogin
Äǹø /etc/ppp/ppplogin shell script ¿´ÆðÀ´ÏòÕâ¹øÑù×Ó:
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/etc/pppd passive :192.1.2.23
ÄãÌṩµÄ address ½«ÊǺô½ÐµÄ»úÆ÷»á±» assign µÄ¡£
µ±È», Èç¹ûÄãÒªÔÊÐíÐí¶à user ͬʱ access, Äã±ØÐ뿪Ðí¶àµÄ
startup scripts ¼°¸÷È赀 accounts, ÒòΪÄãÖ»ÄÜÔÚÒ»¸ö script ÖÐ
ʹÓÃÒ»¸ö IP address ¡£
11.1.5. ÄĶù¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ¸üÏ꾡µÄ PPP »ò bug ±¨¸æ µÄ×ÊѶÄØ ?
´ó²¿·Ölinux PPP µÄÌÖÂÛ¶¼ÔÚ PPP mailing list ÉÏÃæ¡£
ÈôÏëÒª¼ÓÈëmail list server ÖÐµÄ PPP channel, send mail µ½:
linux-activists@niksula.hut.fi
with the line:
X-Mn-Admin: join PPP
at the top of the message body (not the subject line).
¼ÇµÃÈôÊÇÄãÒª±¨¸æ bug »òÎÊÌâÉÏÈ¥, ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¾¡¿ÉÄܵØÏêϸÃèÊöÄãµÄÎÊ
ÌâÄÇ»á°ïÖúÄãÁ˽âÄãµÄÎÊÌâ, Ҳʹ±ðÈËÄܸüÇå³þµØÁ˽âÄãµÄÎÊÌâ¡£
ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔ²é²é:
RFCS 1548, 1331, 1332, 1333, and 1334. ÕâЩÊÇ PPP ¶¨ÒåµÄÎļþ¡£
W. Richard Stevens Ò²ÔÚ `TCP/IP Illustrated Volume 1',
(Addison- Wessley, 1994, ISBN 0-201-63346-9) Ò»ÊéÖÐÌÖÂÛµ½ PPP.
11.2. °Ñ Linux É趨³É Slip Server
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐһ̨Á¬Íø·µÄ»úÆ÷, Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏëÒªÌṩһЩÏñ dial in µÄÍø
··þÎñ, ÄÇÄâ¾ÍÐèÒª°ÑÄãµÄ»úÆ÷Éè³ÉÒ»¸ö server, Èç¹ûÄãҪʹÓà slip
µ±×÷ serial line protcocol, ÄÇÄãÓÐÁ½Ìõ·¿ÉÒÔ×ß...ÎÒ»áÁ½¸ö¶¼Ëµ
Ã÷¡£
11.2.1. Slip Server using sliplogin
sliplogin ÊÇÒ»¸ö³Ìʽ, ¿ÉÓÃÀ´´úÌæÒ»°ã slip user µÄ login shell
»á½« terminal line ת³É slip line ¡£ caller »á login ³É±ê×¼µÄ
login process, ÊäÈë username ¼° password, ÔÚ login Ö®ºó,
sliplogin »á±»Ö´ÐÐ, È¥ÕÒ /etc/slip.hosts ²éѯ¸ú caller match
µÄ entry, ¶ø²»ÅÜ shell ¡£ Èç¹ûËü locate ³É¹¦Ò»¸ö login, Ëü¾Í°Ñ
Á¬ÏßÉè³É 8bit µÄÏß, ²¢Ê¹Óà ioctl call °ÑÁ¬Ïßת³É slip ¡£µ±Õâ¸ö
process Íê³ÉÖ®ºó, ×îºóÒ»¸ö²½Öè¾ÍÍê³ÉÁË¡£ Õâʱ sliplogin »áºô½Ð
Ò»¸ö shell script, °ÑÉ趨 slip interface Ïà¹ØµÄ ip address,
netmask ¼°ÊÊºÏµÄ routing ¡£ Õâ¸ö script ͨ³£½Ð×ö
/etc/slip.login, µ«ÊǸú getty µÄÏàͬµÄ¹æÔò¡£ Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÌض¨µÄ
caller ÒªÇóʹÓÃÌرðµÄ initialisation, Äã¿ÉÒÔд¸öÉ趨µÄ script
½Ð×ö /etc/slip.login.loginnmae, »áÈ¡´úÄÚ¶¨µÄ script ¡£
11.2.1.1. ºÎ´¦È¡µÃ sliplogin
sliplogin ¿ÉÔÚÏÂÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Network/serial/sliplogin.tar.gz
tar µµÖÐͬʱ°üÀ¨ source code, precompiled binary, ¼° man page
¡£ °ÑËü (binary) ¸ø install µ½ /sbin Ŀ¼ÖÐ, man page ¾Í¸øËû¹à
µ½ section 8, ×ö¿´¿´:
# cd /usr/src
# gzip -dc .../sliplogin.tar.gz | tar xvf -
# cd src
# make install
Èç¹ûÄãÒªÖØРcompile ³ö binaries, ÔÚ make install ֮ǰ, ϸö
make clean Ö¸Áî, Èç¹ûÄãÒª°²×° binary µ½ÆäËûµÄËùÔÚ, ÄÇÄã¾ÍÒªÐÞ
¸Ä Makefile ÄڵĹæÔòÂÞ...
11.2.1.2. É趨 slip host µÄ /etc/passwd
ÄãÐèÒªÔÚ /etc/passwd ÖÐΪ caller ¿ªÒ»Ð©ÌرðµÄ login user ¡£ ÒÀ
ÕÕ¹ßÀý, ÎÒÃǽ«Ê¹Óà calling host µÄ hostname µ±×÷ login name,Ç°
ÃæÔÙ¼Ó¸ö´óдµÄ S, ËùÒÔ, ÀýÈç: Èç¹û calling host ½Ð×ö radio,ÄÇ
Äã¿ÉÔÚ /etc/passwd Öпª¸ö login name:
Sradio:FvKurok73:1427:1:radio slip login:/tmp:/sbin/sliplogin
±¸×¢: caller ²»ÐèÒªÈÎºÎµÄ home directory, ÒòΪËüÃDz»»áÅÜ
shell.ËùÒÔ /tmp ÊǸö²»´íµÄÑ¡Ôñ¡£ ҲҪעÒâ sliplogin ÊÇʹÓÃÀ´´ú
ÌæÒ»°ãµÄ login shell ¡£
11.2.1.3. É趨 /etc/slip.hosts
/etc/slip.hosts ÊÇÓÃÀ´¸ø sliplogin ÕÒÑ°Ïà¶ÔÓ¦µÄ login name, ÒÔ
È¡µÃ caller µÄÉ趨ÄÚÈÝ¡£ ËüÒ²ÊÇÄãÖ¸¶¨ caller µÄ ip address ¼°
netmask µÄµØ·½, Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ user name Ϊ `radio' µÄÀý×ÓÈçÏÂ:
Sradio `hostname` radio <netmask> <opt1> <opt2>
/etc/slip.hosts µÄÄÚÈÝΪ:
1. caller µÄ login name
2. server µÄ ip address, Ò²¾ÍÊDZ¾ÉíÕâһ̨¡£
3. É趨¸ø caller µÄ ip address
4. the netmask assigned to the calling machine in hexadecimal notation
eg 0xffffff00 for a Class C network mask.
5. optional parameters to enable/disable compression and other
features.
±¸×¢: Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚµÚ¶þÀ¸¼°µÚÈýÀ¸Ê¹Óà hostnames »ò IP addresses, Èç
¹ûÄãʹÓà hostnames ÄÇÕâЩ host ¾Í±ØÐëÒªÏÈ·Òë³É ip
address,Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵, ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷±ØÐë¶ÔÕâЩ»úÆ÷×ö ip address µÄ
¶¨Ö· ( <- ºÜÐþÂð? ), ²»È» script ±»ºô½Ðºó»áʧ°Ü¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔ
ÏÈ telnet µ½ÄÇ̨Ö÷»ú¿´¿´, Èç¹ûÄã¿´µ½ `Trying
nnn.nnn.nnn...' µÄѶϢ, ÄÇÄãµÄ»úÆ÷¾Í¿ÉÕÒµ½Ïà¶ÔÓ¦µÄ ip
address, Èç¹ûÄã¿´µ½µÄÊÇ `Unknown host', ÄDZíʾÎÞ·¨ÕÒµ½¸Ã
̨Ö÷»ú, Èç¹û²»ÐÐ, Ö±½ÓÓà ip addressÀ´Á¬¡£»òÐÞ¸Ä resolver
µÄÉ趨 ( ͨ³£ÊÇ /etc/resolv.conf) ¡£
opt1 opt2 ×îÆÕͨµÄ²ÎÊýÊÇ:
normal
Æô¶¯(enable) normal uncompressed slip.
compress
Æô¶¯(enable) van Jacobsen header compression (cslip)
µ±È», ÕâЩÊÇ»¥³âµÄ (mutually exclusive)( ÓÐÒ»¾Í²»ÄÜÓжþ ), Äã
Ö»ÄÜʹÓÃÆäÖеÄÒ»ÖÖ, ÆäËû²ÎÊýÇë¿´ man page.
11.2.1.4. É趨 /etc/slip.login µµ
ÔÚ sliplogin ËÑÑ° /etc/slip.hosts µµ, ²¢ÇÒÔÚÕÒµ½Ö®ºó, Ëü»áÈ¥Ö´
ÐÐ /etc/slip.login µµ, Óà ip address ¼° netmask À´É趨 slip
interface ¡£
ʹÓà sliplogin package µÄ /etc/slip.login ·¶ÀýµµÈçÏÂ:
#!/bin/sh -
#
# @(#)slip.login 5.1 (Berkeley) 7/1/90
#
# generic login file for a slip line. sliplogin invokes this with
# the parameters:
# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7-n
# slipunit ttyspeed loginname local-addr remote-addr mask opt-args
#
/sbin/ifconfig $1 $4 pointopoint $5 mtu 1500 -trailers up
/sbin/route add $5
exit 0
ҪעÒâÕâ¸ö script ֻʹÓà ifconfig ¼° route Ö¸ÁîÀ´É趨 slip
device ¡£ ( É趨: ip address, remote, ip address and netmask),
͸¹ý slip device Ϊ remote address ¿ªÒ»¸ö route ¡£¾Í¸úÄãϲ»¶Èç
¹ûÄãʹÓà slattachÖ¸Áî¡£
11.2.1.5. Configuring the /etc/slip.logout file.
µ±Ò»¸ö connect close ºó, ÄãҪȷ¶¨ serial device »Ø¸´ÔÀ´µÄ״̬
¡£ÒÔʹδÀ´µÄʹÓÃÕßÄÜÕýÈ·µÄ login, ÕâҪʹÓà /etc/slip.logout µµ
À´´ï³É, ºÜ¼òµ¥µÄÀ², script sample ÈçÏÂ:
#!/bin/sh -
#
# slip.logout
#
/sbin/ifconfig $1 down
/sbin/route del $5
exit 0
ËüËù×öµÄÊÇ°Ñ interface `down' ϲ¢É¾³ýÏÈÇ°¿ªÉèµÄ route¡£
11.2.2. ʹÓà dip µÄ Slip Server
ÏÖÔÚÎÒËùÒª½²µÄ, ÓÐÒ»²¿·ÝÀ´×Ô dip µÄ man page, man page ÄÚÒѾ
°üº¬Á˼òÒªµÄÉ趨¡£
É趨 Linux ³É slip server, ÄãÐèҪΪʹÓÃÕß¿ªÉèÌرðµÄ slip
accounts,ÔÚ slave mode µÄ dip ±»µ±×÷ user account µÄ login
shell ¡£
Fred ½¨ÒéʹÓùßÀý, ÔÚ account Ç°Ãæ¼ÓÉÏ´óд S, ËûµÄ slip
accountsÒÔ `S' ¿ªÍ·, Èç: `Sfredm' ¡£
ÒòΪ login ³Ìʽ²»½ÓÊÜ login shell µÄ²ÎÊý, ËùÒÔÄãҪд¸öСµÄ³Ìʽ:
/* dip-i.c - from a mail message of Karl kkeyte@esoc.bitnet */
int main()
{
execlp("dip", "dip", "-i", (char *) 0);
}
ÇëÓà gcc -O dip-i.c -o dip-i À´±àÒë(compile)¡£
É趨 permissions Ϊ 555. ÎÒ½¨Òé°ÑËû½Ð×ö /usr/bin/dip-i,
/etc/passwd µµÄÚ¸ø slip user ¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÕâ¸öÑù×Ó:
Sfredm:ij/SMxiTlGVCo:1004:10:UUNET:/tmp:/usr/bin/dip-i
^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^
| | | | | | \__ ÒªÖ´ÐÐµÄ shell progr.
\
ornia
e
| | | | | | dip -i as login she.
\
ornia
e
| | | | | \_______ Home directory
| | | | \_____________ User È«Ãû
| | | \__________________ User Group ID
| | \______________________ User ID
| \________________________________ ¼ÓÃܺóµÄÃÜÂë
\___________________________________________ Slip User Login Name
(´óд S ¿ªÍ·)
ÔÚ user log in Ö®ºó, Èç¹ûÈ·ÈÏ user ÕýÈ·µÄ»°, login(1) Õâ¸ö³Ìʽ
»áÖ´ÐÐ shell dip-i, ¶ø dip-i »áÖ´ÐÐ dip -i, Ö®ºó, dip »áɨÃè
/etc/net/diphosts µµ, ÕÒÑ° login user name, Òò´Ë, ÿ¸ö slip
user ±ÈÐ趼ҪÔÚ /etc/net/diphosts ÖÐÓÐÒ»ÐС£
ÄãÒªÖØжÁ 9.3 `Proxy Arp' ÄÄÒ»½Ú, ÖØÐÂΪ slip user °²ÅÅ proxy
arp, Èç¹ûÄãÒªÈÃËûÃÇʹÓõ½ slip server ËùÁ¬µ½µÄÍø·µÄ»°¡£
11.2.2.1. Configuring /etc/net/diphosts
dip »áʹÓõ½ /etc/net/diphosts À´²éѯԶ¶ËÖ÷»úÏÖÔÚµÄÉ趨, Ô¶¶Ë
Ö÷»ú¿ÉÄÜÊDz¦½øÄãµÄ linux Ö÷»úµÄ user, »òÊÇÄ㲦½øÈ¥µÄÖ÷»ú¡£
/etc/net/diphosts µÄÒ»°ã¸ñʽÈçÏÂ:
Suwalt::145.71.34.1:SLIP uwalt:CSLIP,1006
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
| | | | | \___ MTU
| | | | \_________ protocol (SLIP, CSLIP,
| | | | KISS)
| | | \___________________ ×¢½âÀ¸
| | \________________________________ ¶Ô·½µÄ IP address
| | »ò host.domain.name
| \___________________________________ unused (compat. with passwd.
\
ornia
e
\________________________________________ login name (as returned by
getpwuid(getuid()))
/etc/net/diphosts ÖеÄÒ»¸öÀý×Ó:
Sfredm::145.71.34.1:SLIP uwalt:SLIP,296
ÒÔÉÏÊÇ˵ÒÔ 296 MTU ½¨Á¢ slip µÄÁ¬Ïß¡£
Sfredm::145.71.34.1:SLIP uwalt:CSLIP,1006
ÒÔÉÏÖ¸¶¨ ÒÔ 1006 MTU ½¨Á¢ cslip µÄÁ¬Ïß¡£
µ±Ò»¸ö user logs in µÄʱºò, ËûÃÇ»á¾õµÃÏñÊÇƽ³£µÄ login ¼°
password µÄÌáʾ, ²»¹ýËûÃÇÒªÊäÈëËûÃÇµÄ slip-login userid ¼°ÃÜÂë
,Èç¹ûͨ¹ý¼ì²é, user ²»»á¿´µ½ÌرðµÄѶϢ, ËûÃÇÒªÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄÒ»¶ËÇл»
³É slip µÄģʽ, Ö®ºó, ¾ÍÁ¬Ï߳ɹ¦À², ϵͳ»áÔÚ diphosts µµ°¸ÖÐÉè
¶¨¡£
11.3. ʹÓà Automounter Daemon - AMD.
Õâ¸ö²¿·ÝÓÉ Mitch DSouza À´¹©Ó¦, ÎÒÒѾÓÃ×îÉÙµÄÐ޸İüº¬½øÀ´,¸Ð
л Mitch.
11.3.1. ʲôÊÇ automounter, ΪºÎÎÒҪʹÓÃÕâÖÖ¶«Î÷ßÖ ?
automounter Ìṩһ¸ö·½±ãµÄËæÐèÒª (ie. µ±ÓÐÒªÇóʱ ) ²Å mount FS
µÄ¹¤¾ß¡£Õ⽫»áͬʱ¼õÉÙ server ¶Ë¼° client ¶ËµÄ¸ºÔØ, ÇÒÌṩһ¸ö
¸ü¾ß¾Ýµ¯ÐԵĴ¦Àí, ÉõÖÁÔÚûÓÐ NFS mount ÉÏÀ´µÄʱºò¡£
{?} ËüÒ²Ìṩһ¸ö¹ý¶àµÄ»úÖÆ(redundency mechanism) ƾʲôһ¸ö mount
point »á×Ô¶¯µØÇл»µ½ µÚ¶þ¸ö server ÒªÊÇ Ö÷ÒªµÄ server ÎÞ·¨¶ÁÈ¡
ʱ¡£
{ It also offers a redundancy mechanism whereby a mount
point will automatically switch to a secondary server
should a primary one be unavailable.
}
Ò»¸ö¸üÓÐÓÃµÄ mount ½Ð×ö union mount ¸³Óè automounter ºÏ²¢¶à¸ö
Ŀ¼µ½µ¥Ò»µÄĿ¼ÖеÄÄÜÁ¦, Õâ·ÝÎļþ±ØÐëÍêÈ«¶Á͸ÒÔ±ãÍêȫʹÓÃÑÓÉì
µÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£
Óм¸µãÒª¸úÄúºÃºÃµØ½¨Ò齨ÒéµÄ: (ûÓÐÌرðµÄ˳Ðò)
o amd maps Óë Sun maps ²¢²»ÏàÈÝ, Ò²²»Óë HP maps ad infintum.
²»¹ýÕâµãÔÚ´ËËØÕâ¹øÑùÖóµÄ: amd ¿ÉÒÔÃâ·Ñ»ñµÃ, ¶øÇÒÓëËùÓÐÒÔÉÏ
Ìáµ½µÄϵͳÏàÈÝ, ÕâÈÃÄã¿ÉÒÔ share maps Èç¹û amd ÔÚÍø·Éϵ½´¦
°²×°µÄ»°, Mitch °ÑËûÄÃÀ´¸ú Linux/Dec/NeXt/Sun »úÆ÷»ìºÍʹÓÃ
¡£
o Sun automount maps ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÔÚ contrib directory ÖеÄ
automount2amd.pl perl script ת³É amd ÐÎʽµÄ maps ¡£
o ÔÚÖ´ÐÐ amd ֮ǰҪÏÈÅÜ portmapper¡£
o UFS mounts ²»»á timeout.
o UFS mounts, ½öÄÜʹÓÃÓÚ Linux, ÒѾ¿ÉÒÔÑÓÉì´¦ÀíËùÓÐµÄ natice
FS ( Èç: minix, ext, ext2, xiafs...) ÄÚ¶¨ÊÇ minix. ûÓÐÎļþ
˵Ã÷µÄÌØÉ«¿É¼ÓÏñÒÔϵÄÑ¡Ïî:
..., opts:=type=msdos,conv=auto
o ²»Òª mount ÒѾ´æÔÚµÄĿ¼³ý·ÇÄãʹÓÃÒ»¸öÖ±½Ó automount Ñ¡Ïî,
²»È», Ëû»á°ÑÄãµÄ disk mount ÔÚ /home ÏÂ, µ±ÓÐЩ user
diectoryÊÇ /home/fred ʱ¡£
o ×ÜÊÇ¿ªÆô full logging,( ¼Ó `-x all' ²ÎÊýµ½ amd) Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÈÎ
ºÎÀ§ÈŲé²ìÏÂÁÐÃüÁîÊÇʲô:
% amq -ms
reports, µ±Ëû·¢ÉúÎÊÌâʱËü½«»áÖ»³öÎÊÌâ¡£
o GNU getopt() ÓÐʱ¶Ô×Ô¼ººÜ´ÏÃ÷, ¿ÉÔÚ ·ÇÑ¡ÏîÇ°¼Ó '--', ÀýÈç:
# /etc/amd -x all -l syslog -a /amd -- /net /etc/amd.net
11.3.2. ºÎ´¦È¡µÃ AMD(AutoMounter Daemon)
amd ¿ÉÔÚÏÂÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Misc/mount/amd920824upl67.tar.gz
Õâ°üº¬¿ÉÖ´ÐÐµÄ binaries, ÍêÕûµÄ sources ¼° texinfo ¸ñʽµÄÎļþ¡£
11.3.3. Ò»¸öÉ趨 AMD µÄÀý×Ó
Äã²»¿ÉÒÔ´Ó /etc/fstab µµ°¸À´É趨 AMD, Ä㽫ÒѾʹÓÃÁËÀ´°üº¬×ÊѶ
¹ØÓÚµµ°¸ÏµÍ³, ¶øʹÓà command line Æô¶¯·½Ê½¡£
ʹÓà /etc/fstab À´ mount Á½¸ö nfs FS, Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áʹÓÃÁ½¸öÀàËÆÒÔÏÂ
Á½¸ö entries:
server-1:/export/disk /nfs/server-1 nfs defaults
server-2:/export/disk /nfs/server-2 nfs defaults
i.e. Äã»á°Ñ server-1 and server-2 µÄĿ¼ mount µ½ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÉϵÄ
/nfs/server-1 ¼° /nfs/server-2 Ŀ¼¡£
ÔÚ°ÑËü±êΪע½âÖ®ºó, »ò´Ó /etc/fstab ÖÐɾ³ýÒÔÉϵÄÁ½ÐÐÄÇÄãÖ»ÄÜÓÃ
ÒÔÏÂÓï·¨À´´ïµ½ÏàͬµÄ¹¤×÷:
/etc/amd -x all -l syslog -a /amd -- /nfs /etc/amd.server
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
`------' `----' `-------' `-----' -' `--' `-------------'
| | | | | | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
²ÎÊý˵Ã÷:
1. The full amd binary path (obviously optional) ¶Ë¿´ÄãµÄ
$PATH »·¾³±äÊýÈçºÎÉ趨, ËùÒÔÖ»ÓÐ `amd' ¿ÉÒÔÔڴ˱»Ö¸¶¨¡£
2. `-x all' »á¿ªÆô full loggon. Çë¶Á¶ÁÆäËû login level µÄÎļþ¡£
3. `-l syslog' »á͸¹ý syslogd À´¼Ç¼ѶϢ, Ò²¿É°ÑËüÊä³öµ½Ò»¸öµµ
°¸, dump ³öÀ´, »ò pass ¹ýÈ¥, µ½Ã»±»Ê¹Óõ½µÄ tty console.Õâ
¸ö syslog ¿ÉÒÔ¸ÄΪһ¸öµµÃû, i.e. `-l foo' ½«»á°ÑѶϢתµ½Ò»
¸ö½Ð×ö foo µÄµµ°¸¡£
4. `-a /amd' ʹÓà /amd Ŀ¼×÷ΪÔÝʱµÄ automount pointÕâ¸öĿ¼
»á×Ô¶¯µØ±» amd ¿ª³ö, Ò²Ó¦¸Ã»áÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ amd ֮ǰ¿³µô¡£ (amd ·Å
ÔÚ rc ÖÐ )
5. `--' ±íʾ¸æËß getopt() Í£Ö¹´¦Àí (parse) ÆäËûµÄ command line
²ÎÊý, Õâ¶ÔÖ±½ÓÔÚ command line Ï `type:=' ²ÎÊýÌرðÓÐÓᣠ²»
È» getopt() »á²»ÕýÈ·µØ½«Ëû½âÂë¡£
6. `/nfs' ÊÇÕæµÄ nfs mount point. ÕâÒ²»á×Ô¶¯¿ª³ö´ËĿ¼, ÇÒ²»Ó¦
¸ÃÔÚÆäÏÂÔÙ°üº¬ÓÐ×ÓĿ¼, ³ý·ÇʹÓà `type:=direct' ²ÎÊý¡£
7. amd map (Ò²¾ÍÊÇ Ò»¸öµµ°¸) ½Ð×ö `amd.server' °üº¬ÒÔÏÂÕâЩÐÐ:
# /etc/amd.server
/defaults opts:=rw;type:=nfs
server-1 rhost:=server-1;rfs:=/export/disk
server-2 rhost:=server-2;rfs:=/export/disk
Ò»µ©Æô¶¯¶øÇҳɹ¦µØÅÜÆðÀ´, Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃÏÂÁÐÃüÁî²éѯ mount µÄ×´¿ö:
% amq -ms
Èç¹ûÄãÓÃ:
% ls /nfs
Ó¦¸Ã¿´²»µ½Èκεµ°¸¡£ ²»¹ýÒÔϵÄÃüÁî:
% ls /nfs/server-1
½«»á×Ô¶¯µØ mount `server-1' ÄÇ̨ host ¡£ÍÚßÖ¿¿Ñû! amd ÅÜÆðÀ´ÁË
! (voila! amd is running.)ÔÚÄÚ¶¨µÄ timeout µ½ÆÚºó, Õâ»á×Ô¶¯µØ
unmount ÏÂÀ´¡£ ÄãµÄ /etc/password µµ ( Òë×¢Ò» ) ¿ÉÄÜ°üº¬ÏÂÁеÄ
ÏîÄ¿:
...
linus:EncPass:10:0:God:/nfs/server-1/home/linus:/bin/sh
mitch:EncPass:20:10:Mitch DSouza:/nfs/server-1/home/mitch:/bin/tcs.
\
ornia
e
matt:EncPass:20:10:Matt Welsh:/nfs/server-1/home/matt:/bin/csh
Òâ˼¾ÍÊÇ˵µ± Linus, Matt, or Mitch login ½øÀ´Ê±, home
directory½«»áÅܵ½Ìض¨µÄ remote Ŀ¼ÖÐ, ¶øÔÚ user logout µÄʱºò
»á×Ô¶¯µØ unmount ÏÂÀ´¡£
Òë×¢Ò»: Ó¦¸ÃÊÇ /etc/passwd °É, »òÐíÓÐЩϵͳ²»Ò»Ñù ?
11.4. °Ñ Linux µ±×÷Ò»¸ö router
°Ñ linux µµ×ö router ÊÇûÎÊÌâµÄÀ²! ÄãÅܸöÏñ gated µÄ routing
daemon ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÀ², Èç¹ûÄãÖ»Óмòµ¥µÄ routing ÒªÇóÖ»ÒªÓà hard
coded routes ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÀ²¡£ Èç¹ûÄãʹÓõÄÊǽÏеİ汾 (1.1.*), ÄÇÄã
Ó¦¸ÃҪȷ¶¨ÔÚ make kernel µÄʱºò, ÄãÓÐ»Ø 'y':
IP forwarding/gatewaying (CONFIG_IP_FORWARD) [y] y
Olaf Kirch's Network Administrators Guide ÌÖÂÛÍø·Éè¼Æ¼°
routingÏîÄ¿, Äã¿ÉÒÔ¶Á¿´¿´, Óиü¶àµÄ×ÊÁÏ, ²Î¿¼ÊéÄ¿ÔÚÎļþµÄ
"Releated Documentation" ÄÇÒ»½Ú¡£
12. ʵÑéÖм°·¢Õ¹ÖÐµÄ modules
ÏÖÔÚÓÐÐí¶àÈËΪ linux Íø·³ÌʽÂëÔÚ·¢Õ¹ÐµÄÌØÉ«¼° modules ¡£Ö®ÖÐ
ÓÐЩ»¹ºÜÏȽø, ÕâЩҲÊÇÎÒÏëÒª°üº¬µ½Õâ½ÚµÄ, Ö±µ½±ä³É±ê×¼°æ³ÌʽÂë
¡£ËûÃǽ«»á±»ÍùÇ°°áÒÆ¡£
12.1. AX.25 - ÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçÍæ¼ÒµÄͨѶж¨
AX.25 protocol ÊÇÓÃÔÚÈ«ÇòÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçÍæ¼Ò¡£ ËüͬʱÌṩ connected
¼° connectionless µÄÔË×÷ģʽ, ²¢ÇÒ¿ÉʹÓÃÀ´×öµã¶ÔµãµÄÁ¬Ïß, »òÓÃ
À´ÔËËÍ TCP/IP µÄ·â°ü¡£
Õâ¸ú X.25 level 2 ÔڽṹÉϺÜÀàËÆ¡£¸ü¿ÉÑÓÉìµ½ÒµâÅÎÞÏߵ绷¾³, ʹ
Ëü¸üÓÐÓá£
Alan Cox Ò²·¢Õ¹ÁËһЩÒÔ AX.25 ÈíÌåΪ»ù´¡µÄ kernel, Ö§Ô® linux,
ÕâЩҲ¿ÉÔÚ ALPHA form È¡µÃ, Alan's code Ö§Ô® KISS based TNC's
(Terminal Node Controllers), ¼° the Z8530 SCC driver.
User programs °üº¬Ò»¸ö P.M.S. (Personal Message System), Ò»¸ö
Ðźŵƻú¹¹ (facility), Ò»¸ö line mode connect program, ¼°
`listen'ÈçºÎȥߢȡËùÓÐÔÚ RAW ½çÃæ²ãµÄ AX.25 ·â°üÀý×Ó
È·¶¨ÒªÈ¥¶Á /usr/local/ax25/README Õâ¸öµµ, ÄÚÈÝ°üº¬¸ü¶à¡¢¸üÍêÕû
µÄ×ÊѶ¡£
12.1.1. ºÎ´¦È¡µÃ AX.25 ÈíÌå¡£
ftp ÖÁ:
sunacm.swan.ac.uk
/pub/misc/Linux/Radio/*
Äã»á·¢ÏÖÓÐÐí¶àµÄĿ¼, ÿ¸ö°üº¬²»Í¬°æ±¾µÄ³ÌʽÂë, ÒòΪËüÓë
kernel code Ï໥µÄ¹ØϵºÜÃÜÇÐ, ËùÒÔÄãҪѡÔñÒ»¸öÓëÄãµÄ kernel ½Ï
Êʺϵİ汾,»¥ÏàµÄ¶ÔÓ¦´ó¸ÅÊÇÕâÑù:
AX25007 Prehistoric
AX25010 Obsolete
AX25012 for release 1.0.* kernels and higher
AX25016 for release 1.1.5 kernels
AX25017 for release 1.1.6 kernels
AX25018
AX25021
AX25022 for release 1.1.28 kernels
ÿ¸öĿ¼ÖÐÄã»á·¢ÏÖÖ»ÉÙÁ½¸öµµ°¸, Ò»¸ö½Ð×ö krnl022.tgz Ö®ÀàµÄ,Áí
Ò»¸ö½Ð×ö user022.tgz ¡£ ÕâЩÊÇ kernel ÈíÌå, ¼°Ïà¶ÔÓ¦µÄ user
program.
12.1.2. °²×° AX.25 ÈíÌå
ÕâÌÖÈíÌå°üº¬Á½´ó²¿·Ö, kernel drivers, ¼° user programs.
12.1.2.1. The kernel drivers.
°²×° kernel drivers, Çë´ò:
# cd /usr/src
# gzip -dc krnl022.tgz | tar xvf -
ÓÐÐèÒªÒ²¿É uncomment( ¶¨ÒåÉÏÈ¥ ) /usr/src/linux/config.in
CONFIG_AX25 Õâ¸ö define ¡£
È»ºó:
# cd /usr/src/linux
# make config
# make dep;make
±¸×¢: Èç¹ûÄãÓ¦¸Ã°üº¬ AX.25 support, ÔÚ make config ±»Îʵ½µÄʱºò,
¼ÇµÃ»Ø `yes', Èç¹ûÄãÒª AX.25 code Ö§Ô® KISS TNC, Ò²Òª»Ø 'yes'
12.1.2.2. The user programs.
°²×° user programs ÇëÏÂ:
# cd /
# gzip -dc user022.tgz | tar xvvof -
È»ºó:
# cd /usr/local/ax25/src
# make install
12.1.3. É趨¼°Ê¹Óà AX.25 ÈíÌå
É趨 AX.25 port ¸úÉ趨 slip device ºÜÏñ¡£ AX.25 ÈíÌåÒѱ»Éè¼Æ,
ÓÃÀ´ÔÚ kiss mode ÏÂÓë TNC Ò»ÆðÔË×÷, ÄãÐèÒªÊÂÏÈÉ趨 TNC ²¢Á¬Ïß
¡£
ʹÓà axattach ¾ÍÏñÔÚʹÓà slattach, ÀýÈç:
# /usr/local/ax25/bin/axattach -s 4800 /dev/cua1 VK2KTJ &
ÉÏÃæÕâÒ»Ðлá°ÑÄãµÄ /dev/cua1 serial device É趨³É 4800 bps µÄ
kiss interface, ʹÓà hardware address VK2KTJ.
Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà ifconfig À´É趨 ip address and netmask ¾ÍÏñ¶Ô
ethernet device Ò»Ñù:
# /sbin/ifconfig sl0 44.136.8.5
# /sbin/ifconfig sl0 netmask 255.255.255.0
# /sbin/ifconfig sl0 broadcast 44.136.8.255
# /sbin/ifconfig sl0 arp mtu 257 up
ÒÔÏÂÁÐÃüÁîÀ´²âÊÔ:
/usr/local/ax25/bin/call VK2DAY via VK2RVT
call program ÊǸö linemode terminal program ÓÃÀ´²úÉú ax.25
call.ÒԿհ׿ªÍ·À´±íʾÃüÁîÁÐ ` ', `.' À´½áÊøÁ¬Ïß:
ÄãÒ²ÐèÒªÉ趨һЩÏîÄ¿, ÀýÈç: ʹÓõÄÊÓ´°¡£ ÕâÖ»ÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸öµµ°¸,
±à¼ /usr/local/ax25/etc/ports µµ, ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö ascii µµ, ÿ¸ö
AX.25 port Ò»ÐС£ µµ°¸ÖбØÐëÒªÓÐÕ⼸ÐÐ, ÓëÄãÉ趨µÄ AX.25
interface Ò»ÑùµÄ˳Ðò¡£
¸ñʽΪ:
callsign baudrate window frequency
ÔÚÕâ¸öµØ·½²¢Ã»Óõ½Ðí¶à×ÊѶ, Ëü½«»áÔÚÒÔºóµÄ·¢Õ¹Öб»Óõ½¡£
ÎÒû»ú»áÇ××ÔÀ´ try Õâ¸ö³Ìʽ, Çë²Î¿¼ÔÚ /usr/local/ax25/man µÄ
man page ¼°ÔÚ /usr/local/ax25 ÖÐµÄ README µµ, ²éѯ¸ü¶àµÄ×ÊѶ¡£
12.2. Z8530 SCC driver.
Zilog Z8530 SCC Ìṩ Synchronous/Asynchronous, HDLC, NRZI±àÂë
¼°ÆäËû¹¦ÄÜ¡£ ÓÐÐí¶àµÄ¿¨Ò²Ê¹Óà Z850 µ±×÷Éè¼ÆµÄ»ù´¡¡£Õâ¸ö driver
ÒÑÓÉ Joerg Reuter, <dl1bke@melaten.ihf.rwth-aachen.de>,¿ÉÔÚÏÂ
ÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
ftp.ucsd.edu
/hamradio/packet/tcpip/incoming/sccdrv-1.4a.dl1bke.tar.gz
ÏêÇéÇë¿´ README¡£
12.3. Ottawa PI/PI2 card driver.
Ottawa PI card ÊÇÒ»¸öÔÚ IBM PC »úÆ÷ÉÏ, ÒÔ Z8530 SCC Ϊ»ù´¡µÄ¿¨
¡£ ͨ³£ÓÃÔÚÈ«ÇòÒµâÅÎÞÏßµçµÄ¹¤×÷Õß (Amateur Radio operators
worldwide).ÔÚËü±»ÎÞÏßµçÒµâÅÕ߹㷺µÄʹÓõÄͬʱ, ËûÒ²ÄÜÌṩ±ðµÄ
ÁìÓòµÄ·þÎñÕâЩÁìÓòÐèÒª Z8530 µÄÌØÐÔ¡£
ËüÖ§Ô®Ò»¸ö¸ßËٵİëË«¹¤ (half duplex) port (single DMA
channel),¼°Ò»¸öÂýËÙµÄÈ«Ë«¹¤ (full duplex) port ( СÓÚ 19.2kbps
interrupt driven) ¡£ PI2 ÊǸö½Ïа汾µÄ¿¨Ö§Ô®Ä¸°æÄÚ½¨ radio
modem, ²¢¸ÄÉÆÓ²ÌåÉè¼Æ¡£
ÕâÕÅ¿¨µÄ driver ÒÑÓÉ David Perry <dp@hydra.carleton.edu> ׫д
Íê³É¡£¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ:
hydra.carleton.ca
/pub/hamradio/packet/tcpip/linux/pi2-0.5ALPHA.tgz
ÏêÇéÇë¶Á README µµ¡£
12.4. NIS - Sun Network Information System.
ÊÂʵÉÏÓÐÁ½¸ö°æ±¾µÄ NIS ÒѾ·ÖÉ¢³öÀ´¡£Ê×ÏÈÓиöʹÓñê×¼µÄ libcµÄ
³ûÐÍ°æ±¾, ²»¹ý libc ÒªÇóÔÚʹÓÃÇ°ÏÈ͸¹ý ypbind ×öһЩ¶Ô servers
µÄ binding ¹¤×÷¡£ ¸üǬ¾»µÄ°æ±¾Ç÷ÏòÓÚ NIS+ µÄ׫д·½Ê½,½Ð×ö NYS,
ÓÉ Peter Eriksson, <pen@lysator.liu.se> ׫д, ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ
:
ftp.funet.fi
/pub/OS/Linux/BETA/NYS/nys-0.26.tar.gz
NIS ÐÍ̬µÄ server ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽÚÈ¡µÃµã:
ftp.funet.fi
/pub/OS/Linux/BETA/NYS/ypserv-0.5.tar.gz
È·¶¨ÄÇÀïûÓиüеİ汾, ÒòΪÕâ¸ö×ÊѶÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÄÜÒѾÓеã¶ù¾ÉÁË¡£
ÕâÁ½¸ö¶¼¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´ó, ¶øÇÒÓë Sun NIS information servers Ò²Ïà°²ÎÞ
ÊÂ, Èç: passwd/hosts/group µÈµÈ¡£ Ò²²»ÒªÇó¶ÔÈÎÒâ server µÄ
binding ¡£ ÊÂʵÉÏËüÃÇÔÊÐíÒÔÖ¸¶¨Ìṩ services µÄ server, ²¢¿ÉÒÔ
Ñ¡Ôñ yp/dns/file Ñ¡ÏîÀ´×öÖ¸¶¨ name/passwd/etc µÄ resolution¹¤
×÷¡£
ÕâЩ¶¼ºÜÈÝÒ×É趨ÆðÀ´ (set up), ¶øÇÒÇ¿ÁÒ½¨ÒéÐèÒªÕûºÏ½ø´óÍø·µÄ
client »úÆ÷¡£ Ã÷ÏÔµØ, ÄãµÄÍø· daemons ¼° clients ÐèÒªÖØÐÂ
compile À´Óë shared library libnsl.so ÒÔ±ãʹÓà YP ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÕâЩ¶¼
ÊǺÜÏ¡ËÉƽ³£µÄÊÂ, ËùÓÐÍø· NYS package µÄ clients & daemon¶¼
compile ¹ýÁË¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÓиüÏêϸµÄ NIS ×ÊѶ, Çë¼Ä¸øÎÒ(¸øÔ×÷Õß, ²»ÊÇÒëÕßŶ)¡£
12.5. snmp agent.
linux ÓиöʵÑéµÄ snmp agent, ÓÉ Erik Schoenfelder,
<schoenfr@ibr.cs.tu-bs.de> ×öϵͳתÒÆ¡£
¿ÉÔÚÒÔϸ½ÚµãÈ¡µÃ:
ftp.ibr.cs.tu-bs.de
/pub/local/cmu-snmp2.1.2l2.tar.gz
ÇëÏȶÁ cmu-snmp2.1.2l2.README, ÒòΪËü°üº¬ÁËÄãÐèÒªµÄ×ÊѶ, ¿ÉÒÔ
°ïÖúÄãÁ˽âÕâ¸ö packge ¡£
Õâ¸ö package Ìṩһ¸ö½üËÆÍêÈ«µÄ MIB-II variable set. ÔÚÏÖÔÚµÄ
×´¿öÏÂ, ÄãÖ»ÄܶÁÕâЩ±äÊý, ²»ÄÜÉ趨ËüÃÇ¡£
nstat.tar.gz °üº¬Ò»¸ö /proc/net/snmp Êä³öµÄ formatter, ½Ð×ö
nstat ¡£
ÄãÐèÒªÅÜÐ嵀 kernel ²¢¶Ô kernel ×ö patch, ÏêÇéÇë¿´Ã÷ÈÕ¸÷´ó±¨!
°¡! ²»! ²»! Çë¿´ README µµ¡£
12.6. Experimental ARCNet driver
Ðí¶àÈËÔÚÑ°ÕÒ ARCNet Íø·¿¨µÄ driver ¡£ ARCNet Ö»ÌṩԼ 2Mbps
µÄ´«ÊäÂÊ, µ«¿ÉÌṩ±È 10base2(thinnet) LAN ¸ü³¤µÄÁ¬Ïß¾àÀë¡£ ¶ø
ARCNet cards Ò²½Ï±ãÒË, Ò²ÒòΪÕâÑùÐí¶à¹«Ë¾Óà ARCNet È¡´ú±ðµÄÍø
·¿¨¡£
Avery Pennarun <apenwarr@tourism.807-city.on.ca> ÒѾ׫дÁËÒ»
¸ö linux µÄ ARCNet driver, µ«ÊÇ»¹ÔÚ×ö ALPHA ²âÊÔ, µ±È»ÕâÖм仹
»áÓÐÐí¶à error Ò²¿ÉÄÜ»áÔì³É kernel ¹Òס...
source code ¼° kernel patch ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Network/drivers/arcnet-0.12.tar.gz
±¸×¢: ΪÁ˼ò»¯ patching µÄ¹¤×÷, Óà kernel version 1.1.51 ÒòΪ
driver ¾ÍÊÇÕë¶ÔÕâ¸ö°æ±¾µÄÀ´×ö patch
µÄ, ²»¹ýÒ²¿ÉÔÚ 1.1.45+ À´ÅÜ¡£
ÓÐһЩÒÑÖªµÄ³æ³æ, Äã¿ÉÒÔ¶Á arcnet.c µµ»ñµÃϸ½ÚµÄ˵Ã÷¡£ AveryËû
ÏÖÔÚÐèÒªÈËÀ´°ïËû×¥³ô³æ, »ò»¹Ã»·¢ÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ, ²¢ guage ÔÚÆäËû»·¾³
ÏÂÅܵÄÇéÐΡ£ Avery ½«»áºÜ¸ßÐ˽ÓÊÜÈκÎ͸¹ýÍø·µÄ±¨¸æ, »ò e-mail
µ½:
<apenwarr@tourism.807-city.on.ca> »ò <Avery.Pennarun@NorLinK.Com>
Avery ÔÚ News ·½ÃæÓÐÎÊÌâ, ËùÒÔ͸¹ýÈκΠnewsrroups ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨ÈÃËû
ÊÕµ½... Avery ²»Ö»ÏëÒªÖªµÀÄãÊÇ·ñÓÐÎÊÌâ, Ò²ÏëÖªµÀÄãÊÇ·ñÓÐÊԳɹ¦
¡£
12.7. ʵÑéÖÐµÄ Token Ring driver
ʵÑéÖÐµÄ Token Ring driver ÓÉ Peter De Schrijver
<stud11@cc4.kuleuven.ac.be>Ëù·¢Õ¹, ×îеİ汾¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ:
sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/Incoming/linux-1.1.44-TR.tar.gz
12.8. V.35 ½çÃæ°å(interface board)
V.35 ÊÇÒ»¸ö C.C.I.T.T. µÄ±ê×¼½çÃæ, ÓÃÀ´Ìṩ¸ßËÙƽºâµÄ´®ÁнçÃæ,
¿É¸ß´ï 2 Mbps ¡£ ʹÓà differential pair balanced transmission
ÔÊÐí V.35 ½çÃæÖ§Ô®½Ï³¤µÄÏß, Óë V.24/RS232C ÏàÀàËÆ, µ«Ìṩ¸ü¸ß
µÄ´«ÊäÂÊ¡£
Pete Kruckenberg <kruckenb@sal.cs.utah.edu> ¿ªÁËÒ»¼Ò¹«Ë¾¹©Ó¦
ISA bus »úÆ÷µÄ V.35 ½çÃæÓ²Ìå, Õâ¼Ò¹«Ë¾ÒàΪÕâ¸ö¿¨¿ª·¢ Linux
driver, Ò²½øÈëÁË Beta ²âÊÔ¡£ Õâ¸öÔÊÐíÄãÖ±½ÓÓà leased line Á¬µ½
Linux machine, Ëٶȿɴï 48/56kbps synchronous µÄͬ²½µÄ´«Êä.Õâ
ÕÅ¿¨Ö§Ô®¶àÖÖ protocols ²¢ÔÊÐíËٶȴﵽ 12 Mbps ¡£
¸ü¶àµÄ×ÊѶ¿ÉÔÚÒÔϽڵãÈ¡µÃ:
ftp.std.com
pub/sdl/n2
²»È»Äã¿ÉÒÔ mail ¸ø Dale Dhillon <sdl@world.std.com>
12.9. Slip ÌײÍÈíÌå
Matthew Dillon, dillon@apollo.west.oic.com ÒѾ½«³Ìʽ×éºÏ³ÉÒ»
Ì×´¦Àí SLIP Á¬Ïß (incoming & outgoing) µÄ package, һЩÕâ¸ö
S/WµÄÌØÉ«»á×Ô¶¯²¦ºÅ, ×Ô¶¯ÖØв¦ºÅ, Ò²»áÔÚµ¥Ò»µÄ serial port ÉÏ
×ö shifting.
Matt ÒѾÓà kernel 1.1.x ²âÊÔ¹ý³ÌʽÂëÁË, µ«ÊÇËû˵³ÌʽÂëÓ¦¸ÃÒ²
ÒªÔÚ 1.0.x µÄ kernel ÉÏÅÜûÎÊÌâ²Å¿ÉÒÔ¡£
Çëµ½ÒÔϽڵã×¥ S/W:
ftp://ftp.west.oic.com
/pub/linux/dillon_src/dslip203.tgz
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Network/serial/dslip203.tgz
12.10. tcpdump ¹¤¾ß³Ìʽ
Adam Caldwell <acaldwel@103mort2.cs.ohiou.edu> ÒѾ½« tcpdump
תÖÁ linux. tcpdump ÔÊÐíÄã×·×ÙÍø·»î¶¯, À¹½ØÁ÷¾ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷µÄÍø·
·â°ü¡£Õâ¶ÔÕì²âÍø·ÎÊÌâºÜÓÐÓá£
Ö´Ðеµ»òÔʼ³ÌʽÂ붼¿ÉÈ¡µÃ, 3.0 °æÒѾÔÚ kernel 0.99.15, 1.0.8
¼° 1.1.28 ²âÊÔ¹ý¡£
³Ìʽ¿ÉÔÚÏÂÁнڵãÈ¡µÃ:
ftp://103mort2.cs.ohiou.edu
/linux/tcpdump-3.0-linux-src.tar.gz
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu
/pub/Linux/system/Network/tcpdump-3.0-linux-src.tar.gz
13. һЩ FAQ ¼°¼òÒªµÄ´ð°¸
ÒÔÏÂÊÇһЩ³£ÎʵÄÎÊÌâ¼°´ð°¸
13.1. Ò»°ãÎÊÌâ
ÎÒÖ»ÓÐÒ»Ìõ¶ÔÍø·ÉÏÒ»¸ö»úÆ÷µÄ dialin terminal access, ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ
ʹÓõ±×÷Íø·Á¬Ïß ?"
µ±È»¿ÉÒÔ, ¿´¿´ TERM, TERM ÔÊÐíÄã͸¹ýÕý³£µÄ terminal
sessionÁ¬ÉÏÍø·¡£ ËüÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄһЩÍø·ӦÓÃÈíÌå¡£µ«ÊÇ×îÆÕͨ
µÄ binaries¼° sources ÒѾ¿ÉÒÔÈ¡µÃ¡£¿´¿´ TERM-HOWTO:
http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/HOWTO/Term-HOWTO.html
ÎÒÏë¼ÜÉè×Ô¼ºµÄ¶ÀÁ¢Íø·, ÎÒµÄ addresses ÒªÔõôÉ趨 ?
RFC1597 ÒѾָ¶¨Ò»Ð© IP addresses ¸ø˽È˵ÄÍø·¡£ÄãÓ¦¸Ãʹ
ÓÃÕâЩλַÒÔÃâ²úÉúһЩ²»±ØÒªµÄÀ§ÈÅ, Èç¹ûÄã¾ö¶¨ÒªÁ¬ÉÏ
Internet. ÒÔÏ addresses ±£Áô×öÌØÊâÓÃ;:
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
±¸×¢:±£ÁôµÄÍø·λַ addresses ÊÇ classes A, B and C, ËùÒÔÄã
×Ô¼ºµÄÍø·²¢²»»áÊܵ½Éè¼Æ»ò size µÄÏÞÖÆ¡£¼ÈÈ»Äã²»´òËãÁ¬
ÉÏ Internet, ÄÇÄã¸ù±¾²»ÐèÒªµ£ÐÄÉ趨ÓëÆäËû InternetÉϵÄ
½ÚµãÏàͬµÄ IP address »á·¢ÉúʲôÊÂÇé¡£ Ö»ÒªÄãʹÓÃµÄ IP
address ÊÇÄã×Ô¼ºÍø·ÉÏΨһµÄλַ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË¡£
Èç¹û sunacm.swan.ac.uk û¿ª, ÎÒÈçºÎÈ¡µÃÕâЩָ¶¨µÄµµ°¸ ?
`sunacm' ±» mirrored ÔÚ:
ftp.Uni-Mainz.DE
/pub/Linux/packages/Net2Debugged
ÎÒÈçºÎÖªµÀÎÒÕýÔÚÅÜµÄ kernel/net code µÄ°æ±¾ ?
network code Óë kernel ÏÖÔÚÒѾͬ²½Ê¹ÓÃÏàͬµÄ°æ´Î, try:
uname -a
»ò:
cat /proc/version
13.2. ´íÎóѶϢ
Ò»Ö±³öÏÖ `eth0: transmit timed out' Ò® !!! ÕâÊÇʲôÒâ˼ ?
ͨ³£ÊÇ˵ÄãµÄ Ethernet cable û²åºÃÀ²! »òÕßÍø·¿¨µÄ²ÎÊý
(I/O address, IRQ, µÈµÈ ) ûÓÐÉè¶Ô¡£¼ì²é¿ª»úʱ³öÏÖµÄѶϢ
,È·¶¨Ò»ÏÂÄãµÄ Ethernet address Äܹ»±»±æÈϳöÀ´¡£ Èç¹ûûÎÊ
Ìâ, ÔÙ¼ì²éÓÐûÓÐÓëÆäËûµÄ½çÃ濨³åµ½¡£ Èç: soundblaster µÄ
IRQ Óë I/O control port ¡£
µ±ÎÒʹÓÃÍø·ʱ, Óöµ½ `check Ethernet cable'
ÄãµÄ Ethernet card ¿ÉÄÜÉ趨²»ÕýÈ·¡£
Ôٴμì²é /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/CONFIG ÖеÄÉ趨¡£ Èç
¹ûûÎÊÌâ,ÎÊÌâ¿ÉÄܳöÔÚÍø·Ïß, ¼ì²éÊÇ·ñÓжÏÏß¡£
13.3. Routing µÄÎÊÌâ
ΪºÎÔÚÎÒʹÓà route ÃüÁîʱ, »á³öÏÖ `obselete route request' ?
ÄãʹÓÃÁ˱ÈÄãµÄ kernel ¸ü¾ÉµÄ route ³ÌʽÁË¡£ ÄãÓ¦¸Ã°Ñ
route upgrade µ½¸üеİ汾¡£ Çë²Î¿¼Õâ·ÝÎļþµÄ "The
network configuration tool suite" ÄÇÒ»½Ú¡£Ëû»á¸æËßÄãºÎ´¦
È¡µÃ tool set ¡£
ΪºÎ»á³öÏÖ `network unreachable' µÄѶϢ ?
Õâ¸öѶϢÊÇ˵ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷»òÆäËûµÄ»úÆ÷, ²»ÖªµÀÈçºÎÈ¥ route Õâ
¸öÄãÏëÒªÁ¬»ò ping µÄ hostÈç¹û¶ÔËùÓÐµÄ host ¶¼ÊÇÕâÑùµÄ»°,
ÓпÉÄÜÄ㲢ûÓÐÄÚ¶¨µÄ route×ÊÁÏ, ÖØжÁ `routing' ÄÇÒ»½Ú
¡£
ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ ping ÎÒµÄ server/gateway, µ«ÊÇÎÞ·¨ ping »òÁ¬µ½ÆäËûµÄÔ¶
¶Ë host¡£
¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòΪ routing µÄÎÊÌâ, ÖØжÁ `routing' ÄÇÒ»½Ú¡£Èç¹û
¿´ÆðÀ´¶¼Õý³£, ¾Í¼ì²éÄãÒªÁ¬µÄ»úÆ÷ÊÇ·ñÄÜ route µ½ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷
¡£Èç¹ûÄãÊÇ dialin user, Õâ¾ÍÊÇÒ»¸öÆÕͨµÄÎÊÌâÁË, È·¶¨ÄãµÄ
server ÓÐͬʱÅÜ routing program ÏñÊÇ gated »ò routed,»ò
ÕßÄÇÊÇ `prox arping', Èç¹û²»ÊǵĻ°, Ä㽫¿ÉÒÔ½Óµ½¶Ô·½´«À´
µÄ·â°ü¡£µ«ÊÇÈ´²»ÖªµÀÈçºÎ»Ø´«·â°ü¸øÄã¡£
13.4. ʹÓÃÍø·µµ°¸ÏµÍ³(NFS, Network File System):
ÈçºÎʹÓÃÏÖÓÐµÄ Novell fileserver ¸úÎÒµÄ Linux host ÏàÁ¬ ?
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ Novell NFS Daemon code ÄǾÍÈÝÒ׶àÁË, Ö»ÒªÈà NFS
mount µ½ÄãÏëҪʹÓÃµÄ Novell volume ¡£ Èç¹ûÄãûÓÐÕâ¸ö
daemon code, ¶øÖ´ÒâÒª×öÕâ¸ö¶«Î÷µÄ»°, ¶øÄãÒ²ÓÐ sparc PC
ÕâÖÖ»úÆ÷í§ÒâÈÃÄã»Ó»ô, ÄÇÄã¾ÍÌ«ÐÒÔËÁË¡£ Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ sparc PC
ÅÜÒ»¸ö½Ð Stan's Own Server µÄ³Ìʽ¡£ Ê×ÏÈ, °Ñ PC É趨Ϊ
novell µÄ workstation ½« nfs mount maps µ½ÄãÒªµÄĿ¼ÖÐ,
È»ºóÅÜ SOS, ²¢ export ÕâЩ maps ¡£ SOS ¿ÉÔÚ
spdcc.com:pub/sos/sossexe.zoo È¡µÃ¡£
µ±ÅÜÔÚÍø·ÉÏ NFS ʱ, µµ°¸Àõô(corrupted)ÁË ?
ijЩ³§ÉÌ ( Ö÷ÒªÊÇ Sun) ³ÐÔØ (shipped) Ðí¶à»úÆ÷À´ÅÜ NFS
¶øÇÒ²¢²»×ö UDP checksums ¡£ ÔÚ ethernet ±íÏÖ¼«ºÃ, ÔÚÆäËû
»·¾³Ï¾͵ÈÓÚÔÚ×Ôɱ¡£ UDP checksums ÔÚ´ó²¿·ÖµÄ file
server ¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯ (enabled), Linux ÄÚ¶¨´Ó pl13 onwards Æô
¶¯, µ«Ë«±ß¶¼ÒªÆô¶¯¡£
ΪºÎËùÓÐ NFS µµ°¸¶¼ÊÇ read only ?
Linux NFS server ÄÚ¶¨ÊÇ read only ¡£ RTFM the `exports'
and nfsd man pages. Èç¹ûÊÇ·Ç Linux servers µÄ»°Äã¿ÉÄÜÒ²
ÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä /etc/exports ¡£
13.5. SLIP µÄÎÊÌâ:
ÎÒÈç¹û²»ÖªµÀ SLIP server µÄ address Ôõô°ì ?
dip ²¢²»ÐèÒªÖªµÀ SLIP server µÄ address, remote optionÖ»
ÊÇÓÃÀ´Ê¹ dip ÄÜ×Ô¶¯ÌæÄãÖ´ÐÐ ifconfig ¼° route ʱ, ·½±ãÒ»
µã°ÕÁË¡£ Èç¹ûÄã²»ÖªµÀ, Ò²ÕÒ²»µ½ slip server µÄ address,
Peter D. Junger Junger@samsara.law.cwru.edu Óиö½¨Òé: ²»
¹Ü dip script ʲôʱºò±» call, ÒªÇóËÍÉÏ remote address,
Ëû¶¼Ê¹ÓÃËû×Ô¼ºµÄ address ¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öССµÄ¿áÀ¼ª (kludge=
ÀëºÏÆ÷ )µ«ÄÜÕý³£¹¤×÷, ¾ÍÏñ²»¹ÜÈçºÎ server µÄ address ´Ó
À´¾ÍûÓÐÕæÕý³öÏÖÔÚ slip µÄ header ÖС£
`dip' Ö»Äܸø root ʹÓÃ, ÎÒÈçºÎ°ÑËûŪ³É´ó¼Ò¶¼¿ÉʹÓà ?
dip ÔÚÖ´ÐÐһЩ±ØÒªµÄ task ʱÐèÒªÖ´ÐÐ suid µ½ root, ËùÒÔ
Çë check dip µÄ permissions ÊÇ·ñΪ 6750 ¡£ ÔÚijЩϵͳÖÐ
dip ʵ¼ÊÉÏÖ»ÊÇ symbolic link µ½ÁíÒ»¸öµµ°¸, ( Èç:
dip.uri), Èç¹ûÕâ¾ÍÊÇÄãµÄÉ趨, ÄǾÍÐÞ¸Ä×îÔʼµÄÄǸöµµ°¸,
Ïñ `chmod 6750 dip' Ó¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔÕý³£µØ¹¤×÷, ownership Ò²ÒªÊÇ
root `chown root:dip dip' ¡£
ʹÓà SLIP, ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ ping µ½ÎÒµÄ server ¼°ÆäËûµÄ host, µ«ÊÇÈ´²»
ÄÜ×ö telnet ¼° ftp.
ÕâÑùµÄ×´¿ö×î³£·¢ÉúÔÚ server ÓëÄãµÄ»úÆ÷µÄ header
compression²»Ò»ÖÂ, ÇëÈ·¶¨Á½±ß¶¼Ê¹Óà compression ¡£±ØÐëÒ»
Ñù¡£
µ±ÎÒʹÓÃÍê SLIP ºóÈçºÎ¹ÒÉϵ绰 (hang up) ?
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà dip ²¦µ½ SLIP line, ֻҪʹÓà `dip -k' ¾Í¿É×ö
µÃµ½À²¡£ Èç¹û²»ÊÇ, ÊÔÊÔ¿³µôÕýÔÚÖ´ÐÐµÄ dip process ¡£ dip
ËÀµôµÄʱºò, ÀíÂÛÉÏËüÓ¦¸Ã»á hang up µç»°, Òª¸øËü×îºÃµÄ»ú
»áÔÚËü½áÊøµÄʱºòÀ´Çå³ý, ÊÔÊÔ¿´ÏÂÁеIJ½Öè:
`kill <pid>'
`kill -hup <pid>'
Èç¹û×îºó dip »¹¡¸ËÀƤÀµÁ³¡¹µØ¹ÒÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ»°, ÊÔÊÔ:
`kill -9 <pid>'
Õâ¸úÄ㿳ÆäËû process µÄµÀÀíÒ»Ñù¡£
ÎÒÔÚÎÒµÄ SLIP port ÉÏ·¢ÏÖһЩ overrun errors, why ?
¾ÉµÄ network tools »á²»ÕýÈ·µØ°Ñ crompressed µÄ packets
ÊýÐãµÃ¸ú overrun µÄ packets ÊýÒ»Ñù¡£Õâ¸ö²¿·ÝÒѾ¸üÕýÁË¡£
²»»áÔÚеİ汾µÄ kernel ¼° tools Éϳö鳡£ Èç¹ûËü»¹ÊÇ˵Äã
µÄ»úÆ÷²»ÄÜά³Ö×ÊÁÏÁ÷ÈëµÄ±ÈÂÊ, Èç¹ûÄãʹÓõIJ»ÊÇ 16550AFN
UARTs ÄÇÄã¿ÉÄÜÒªÌáÉýµ½ 16650AFN UARTs ¡£
16450, or 8250 »á¶Ôÿ¸öËüÊÕµ½µÄ character ¶¼²úÉúÒ»´ÎÖжÏ
,Òò´Ë»á·Ç³£ÒÀÀµ processor À´Ñ°ÕÒʱ¼ä, È»ºóÍ£Ö¹ËüÕýÔÚÊÕ¼¯
×ÖÔªµÄ¹¤×÷, ²¢È·¶¨Ã»ÓÐ×ÊÁÏ loss ¡£
16500AFN ÓÐÒ»¸ö 16 character µÄ FIFO, ¶øÖ»ÓÐÔÚ FIFO ¿ìÒª
ÂúµÄʱºò, »òµ±ËûÔڵȴý×ÖԪʱ²Å»á²úÉúÖжÏ, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵¶ÔÏàͬ
µÄ×ÊÁÏÁ¿»á»á²úÉú½ÏÉÙµÄÖжϡ£ ÇһỨ½ÏÉÙµÄʱ¼äÀ´´¦Àí
serial portµÄ¹¤×÷¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÒ»¶¨ÒªÊ¹Óà multiple serial ports ÄÇÄã¾ÍÒªÃãÇ¿×Ô¼º
( µÄºÉ°ü ) upgrade µ½ 16550AFN UARTs ¡£
ÎÒÄÜʹÓÃÁ½¸ö SLIP ½çÃæÂð ?
¿ÉÒԵġ£Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÈý̨»úÆ÷Ïë×öÁ¬Ïß (interconnect) ÄÇÄ㵱Ȼ
ÒªÔÚͬһ̨»úÆ÷ÉÏʹÓÃÁ½¸ö slip interface, ½«ÆäËûÁ½Ì¨Á¬ÉÏ
À´¡£ Ö»ÒªÉ趨µÚ¶þ¸ö interface, ¸úÄãÉ趨µÚÒ»¸ö slip
interface Ò»Ñù¡£
±¸×¢: µÚ¶þ¸ö slip interface ҪʹÓøúµÚÒ»¸ö²»Í¬µÄ IP
addressÄã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÓë routing ÖÜÐýÒ»·¬ÒÔ±ãÍê³ÉÄãÏëÒªµÄ, µ«
ËüÓ¦¸ÃÄܹ¤×÷¡£
ÎÒÓÐÒ»¸ö multiport i/o ¿¨, ÎÒÒªÔõôʹÓó¬¹ý 4 ¸ö SLIP ports ?
kernel ÖÐ slip µÄ²¿·ÝÄÚ¶¨×î´ó¿ÉÉ趨 4 ¸ö slip device, ¶¼
¶¨ÒåÔÚ /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/slip.h ÖС£ ÈôÒªÔö¼Óµ½
16 ¸öµÄ»°, Ö»ÒªÐÞ¸Ä #define SL_NRUNIT µ½ 16 ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÀ²!Äã
»¹ÐèÒª±à¼ /usr/src/linux/drivers/net/Space.c²¢Îª sl4,
sl5... Ôö¼Ó sections,Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿½±´ÒÔ´æÔÚµÄ driver ¶¨Òåµ±×÷
Ñù°å¡£ Ä㻹ҪÖØРcompile kernel ×÷³öÖ§Ô® 16 ¸ö slip
session µÄ kernel ¡£
14. ÒÑÖªµÄ Bugs
Linux networking code ÈÔÈ»ÊÇÖð½¥·¢Õ¹µÄ¶«Î÷, ËüÈÔÈ»ÓÐÐí¶à bugs
ËäÈ»ÏÖÔÚÒѾºÜÉÙÓÐÈËÌá³öÁË¡£ The Linux Networking News
(http://iifeak.swan.ac.uk/NetNews.html)
ÊǸö Alan Cox ά»¤µÄ WWW µÄ page, °üº¬ÁËÐí¶à NET-3 networking
code µÄ×ÊѶ, Äã¿ÉÒԵõ½ÄÄЩ bug ÒѾ±»·¢ÏÖÁË, ÄÄЩ»¹Ã»ÓС£²Î¿¼
:
/usr/src/linux/net/inet/README
Ëæ kernel source ¸½Ë͵ĵµ°¸, »ò¼ÓÈë ET channel¡£
15. Öø×÷ȨÉùÃ÷
NET-2-HOWTO µÄÖø×÷ȨÊôÓÚ Terry Dawson ¼° Matt Welsh ËùÓÐ. ÈκÎ
ÈË¿ÉÒÔÖð×Ö¿½±´ (verbatim copy) Õâ·ÝÎļþ, ²¢¿ÉÒÔ²»¾×÷ÕßµÄͬÒâ
ÓÃÈκÎýÌå ( ʵÌå»òµç×Ó ) ÖØÖƼ°·¢É¢³öÈ¥¡£·ÒëҲͬÑùµØ¿ÉÒÔÔÚδ
¾ÔÊÐíÏ·Òë ( Èç¹û¸Ã·ÒëÎÄÕÂÖаüº¬Ò»Ð©×¢Ã÷¸ÃÎÄÕµÄÒëÕß¡¢ ¸ÃÎÄ
ÕÂÊÇ·ÒëÎÄÕ ),Ò²¿ÉÒÔÉÌÒµÐÔµÄÉ¢²¼ ( ÎÒÃÇÒ²¹ÄÀø ), ²»¹ý×÷Õß±ØÐë
Òª±»Öª»áÓÐÕâÑùµÄתÓá£
¼ò¶ÌµÄÒýÓÃÎÄ×Ö, ¶ø²»ÐèÊÂÏȾ¹ý×÷ÕßͬÒâ, ÒýÉê¼°²¿·ÝÉ¢²¼Õâ·ÝÎļþ
±ØÐëͬʱ°üÀ¨Öð×Ö¿½±´ (verbatim copy) Õâ¸öµµ°¸, »òʹÖð×Ö¿½±´¿É
È¡µÃ¡£ÈçÓÐÒÔÉϵÄ×´¿ö, ±ØÐëÔÚÃ÷ÏԵĵط½×¢Ã÷Öð×Ö¿½±´
¼òµ¥µÄ˵, ÎÒÃÇÏ£Íû¾¡Á¿Í¸¹ýÐí¶à¹ÜµÀÉ¢²¼¡£ ²»¹ýÎÒÃÇҲϣÍûÔÚÕâ·Ý
HOWTOÎļþÉϱ£ÁôÖø×÷Ȩ, ²¢Ïë±»Öª»áÈκÎÉ¢²¼µÄ¼Æ»¡£ ÔÙÕß, ÎÒÃÇ¿Ê
ÍûËùÓÐÎļþÉÏÌṩµÄ×ÊѶ¿ÉÒÔÉ¢²¼³öÈ¥¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÓйØÓÚÕâЩÖø×÷ȨµÄÈκÎÎÊÌâ, ÇëÓë Matt Welsh(the Linux
HOWTO coordinator) ÁªÂç:
mdw@sunsite.unc.edu
16. ÆäËû ¼° Acknowledgements.
Õâ·Ý HOWTO ÒѾ¾¹ý Matt Welsh ʹÓà smgl ¹¤¾ßÍêÈ«ÖØд, Õâ¸ö¹¤
¾ßÅÜÆðÀ´»¹ËãÕý³£, Ò²ºÜÈÝÒ×ÉÏÊÖ¡£ÓÐÐí¶àÒѾÔÞÖúÎÄÕ¼°½¨ÒéÀ´¸üÐÂ
µÄÈË, ÎÒÍüÁËÄãÃÇÊÇË, Ò»²¢¸Ðл¡£
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÈκεÄÎÄÕ»ò½¨ÒéÇë¼ÄÀ´¸øÎÒ¡£ÎÒ×î½üÏ൱µØæ, ËùÒÔ¿ÉÄÜÎÞ
·¨ÂíÉϸøÄú´ð¸², µ«ÊÇÎÒµ±È»»á¿¼ÂÇÄãËùÌṩµÄÒâ¼û¡£
Linux networking code ÒѾ×ßÁËÒ»¶ÎºÜ³¤µÄ·ÁË, Ò²²»ÊÇÒ»ÌõºÜÈÝÒ×
×ߵķ¡£µ«ÊÇËùÓеķ¢Õ¹Õß, ÔÚÊÕ¼¯·½Ãæ×öµÃ²»´í (excellent), Ìṩ
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Ì«¶à¸ÐлÁË¡£ Linus, Ross, Fred, Alan, Alpha/Beta ÕâЩ²âÊÔÔ±¡¢
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73
Terry Dawson, vk2ktj.
<terryd@extro.ucc.su.oz.au>, or <terry@orac.dn.telecom.com.au>
17. ·Òë°Ï
17.1. ¹ØÓÚ·Òë:
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17.2. ·Òë×Ö(Ó¢ÎÄ×ÖÔÚ´ËÎļþÖеÄÖÐÎÄ·Òë):
install °²×°
configure É趨(²»¹ýÒâ˼½Ï½Ó½ü½¨¹¹)
setup É趨ÆðÀ´
enable Æô¶¯
disable È¡Ïû
distribute ·ÖÉ¢
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