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·¢ÐÅÈË: dfbb (ÕÔÎÞ¼É), ÐÅÇø: Linux
±ê  Ìâ: [CLDP]Kernel-Howto
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: BBS Ë®Ä¾Çå»ªÕ¾ (Sat May  2 23:09:51 1998)


                               Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ

×÷Õß: Brian Ward bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at
ÒëÕß: C.W.Huang & Asd L. Chen

    v0.80, 26 May 1997. ·ÒëÈÕÆÚ: 25-29 August 1997
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    ÕâÊÇÒ»·Ý¹Øì¶ÈçºÎÅäÖÃ¡¢±àÒë¡¢Éý¼¶ºËÐÄÒÔ¼°ÅÅÄÑ½â·×µÄÏêÏ¸Ö¸Òý£®
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   1. ¼ò½é

    1.1. ÇëÏÈ¿´´Ë!
           1.2. ÎÄÕÂ·ç¸ñËµÃ÷

   2. ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð

    2.1. ²»¹ÜÔõ÷áÑù£¬ºËÐÄµ½µ×ÊÇ×öÊ²÷áµÄ?
           2.2. ÎÒÎªÊ²÷áÒª¸üÐÂºËÐÄ?
           2.3. ½ÏÐÂµÄºËÐÄÖ§Ô®ÄÇÐ©Ó²Ìå?
           2.4. ÎÒÐèÒªÄÇ¸ö°æ±¾µÄ gcc »òÊÇ libc ?
           2.5. Ê²÷áÊÇ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é?
           2.6. ÎÒÐèÒª¶à´óµÄ´Åµú¿Õ¼ä?
           2.7. ÕâÐèÒª¶à¾ÃµÄÊ±¼ä?

   3. ÈçºÎÕæÕý½øÐÐºËÐÄµÄÅäÖÃ?

    3.1. È¡µÃÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë
           3.2. ½â¿ªÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÂëµÄ°ü×°
           3.3. ÅäÖÃºËÐÄ
           3.4. ÏÖÔÚÄØ? (The Makefile)

   4. ±àÒëºËÐÄ

    4.1. Çå³ýÓëÈ·ÈÏ
           4.2. ±àÒëÊ±ÆÚ
           4.3. ÆäËû¿ÉÒÔ``make''µÄ¶«Î÷
           4.4. °²×°ºËÐÄ

   5. ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ

    5.1. Ê¹ÓÃÐÞ²¹µµ
           5.2. Èç¹ûÓÐ´íÎó·¢Éú
           5.3. ¿³µô .orig µµ°¸
           5.4. ÆäËüµÄÐÞ²¹µµ

   6. ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ

    6.1. kbd
           6.2. util-linux
           6.3. hdparm
           6.4. gpm

   7. Ò»Ð©ÏÝÚå

    7.1. make clean
           7.2. ¾Þ´ó»ò»ºÂýµÄºËÐÄ
           7.3. ºËÐÄÎÞ·¨±àÒë
           7.4. ÐÂ°æµÄºËÐÄËÆºõ²»ÄÜÆô¶¯
           7.5. ÄãÍüÁËÖ´ÐÐ LILO£¬»òÏµÍ³¸ù±¾²»ÄÜÆô¶¯
           7.6. ÏµÍ³±íÊ¾ `warning: bdflush not running'
           7.7. ÏµÍ³Ëµ undefined symbols ¶øÇÒÎÞ·¨±àÒë
           7.8. ÎÞ·¨ÈÃÎÒµÄ IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM Õý³£¹¤×÷
           7.9. ÏµÍ³ÏÔÊ¾¹Øì¶ obsolete routing requests µÄÆæ¹ÖÑ¶Ï¢
           7.10. ·À»ðÇ½¹¦ÄÜÎÞ·¨ÔÚ 1.2.0 ÉÏ¹¤×÷
           7.11. ``Not a compressed kernel Image file'' (·ÇÑ¹ËõºËÐÄÓ³Ïñµµ)
           7.12. Éý¼¶ÖÁ 1.3.x ááÔÚ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ÖÕ¶Ë»úÉÏµÄÎÊÌâ
           7.13. ºËÐÄÉý¼¶ááËÆºõÎÞ·¨±àÒë¶«Î÷
           7.14. Ôö¼ÓÉÏÏÞ

   8. Éý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x µÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî

   9. ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é

    9.1. °²×°Ä£×é¹¤¾ß
           9.2. ÓëºËÐÄ·¢ÐÐµÄÄ£×é

   10. ÆäËüÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî

    10.1. General setup (Ò»°ãÉè¶¨)
           10.2. Networking options (ÍøÂ·Ñ¡Ïî)

   11. ¡õ¾÷ºÍ¼¼ÇÉ

    11.1. ÖØµ¼ make »òÊÇ patch Ö¸ÁîµÄÊä³ö
           11.2. Ìõ¼þÊ½µÄºËÐÄ°²×°
           11.3. ºËÐÄ¸üÐÂ

   12. ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs

   13. ÔÓÏî

    13.1. ×÷Õß
           13.2. Ô¤¶¨Ä¿±ê
           13.3. ¹±Ï×Õß
           13.4. °æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷£¬Ðí¿É£¬ÖîÈç´ËÀàµÄ

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ¼ò½é
    Previous: Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
    Next: ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð
      _________________________________________________________________

1. ¼ò½é

    ÄãÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÔÄ¶ÁÕâ·ÝÎÄ¼þ? Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÏÂÁÐÈÎºÎÖ¢×´Ö®Ò»µÄ»°£¬ÊÇµÄ£º

      * ``°¥Ñ½£¡ÕâÌ× wizzo-46.5.6 ÈíÌåËµËüÐèÒª 1.8.193
        °æµÄºËÐÄ£¬¶øÎÒÈ´ÈÔÈ»Ö»ÓÐ 1.0.9 °æ£¡''
      * ±È½ÏÐÂµÄºËÐÄÖ®Ò»¡õÃæÓÐÄãÕýºÃÐèÒªµÄÒ»¸öÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½£®
      * Äã¶Ôì¶ÈçºÎ±àÒëºËÐÄÕæµÄÒ»ÎÞËùÖª£®
      * ``ÔÚ README µµ°¸ÀïÃæÕæµÄ¾ÍÊÇÈ«²¿µÄ×ÊÁÏÁËÂð?''
      * ÄãÀ´£¬ÄãÊÔ£¬Ëü»¹ÊÇ²»¶¯£®
      * ÄãÐèÒªÄ³ÊÂ¸øÓèÒ»Ö±ÒªÇóÄãÎªËûÃÇ°²×°ºËÐÄµÄÈËÃÇ£®

   1.1. ÇëÏÈ¿´´Ë!

    Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þÖÐµÄÄ³Ð©¡õÀý¼ÙÉèÄãÓÐ GNU tar£¬find ÒÔ¼° xargs£® ÕâÐ©ÊÇ Linux
    Ì×¼þÀïµÄ±ê×¼¹¤¾ß£¬Ó¦¸Ã²»ÊÇÎÊÌâ£®
    ÎÄ¼þÖÐÒ²¼ÙÉèÄãÖªµÀÄãÏµÍ³µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³¼Ü¹¹£¬Èç¹ûÄã²¢²»ÖªµÀ£¬×îºÃ¸Ï¿ìÐ´ÏÂÒ»
    ·Ý mount Ö¸ÁîÔÚÏµÍ³Õý³£ÔË×÷ÏÂ£¬ËùÏÔÊ¾µÄ½á¹û×÷Îª²Î¿¼(»òÕßÊÇÒ»·Ý
    /etc/fstab µÄÁÐ±í£¬Èç¹ûÄãÄÜ¹»¿´µÃ¶®)£®
    ÕâÐ©×ÊÑ¶ºÜÖØÒª£¬¶øÇÒ£¬³ý·ÇÄãÖØÐÂ·Ö¸î»ò¼ÓÈëÐÂµÄ´Åµú£¬ÖØÐÂ°²×°ÄãµÄÏµÍ³ÒÔ
    ¼°×öÖîÈç´ËÀàµÄ²Ù×÷£¬·ñÔòËüÃÇ²»»á±ä¶¯£®

    ±¾ÎÄÐ´×÷Ê±×îÐÂ``²úÆ·''µÄºËÐÄ°æ±¾ºÅÂëÊÇ
    2.0.30£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ±¾ÎÄµÄ²Î¿¼¼°Àý×ÓÊÇ¶ÔÓ¦ì¶¸Ã°æ±¾µÄ£®
    ËäÈ»ÎÒ³¢ÊÔÈÃÕâÆªÎÄÕÂ¾¡Á¿¸ú°æ±¾ÎÞ¹Ø£¬ºËÐÄÈ´²»¶ÏµØÔÚ·¢Õ¹ÖÐ£®
    Òò´ËÈç¹ûÄãÈ¡µÃÒ»ÐÂµÄ°æ±¾£¬Ëü²»¿É±ÜÃâµØ»áÓÐÒ»Ð©²»Í¬£®
    µ±È»£¬ÕâÓ¦¸Ã²»»áÔì³É´óÎÊÌâ£¬µ«Ëü¿ÉÄÜ»áÖÆÔìÒ»Ð©»ìÏý£®

    ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ°æ±¾µÄ Linux ºËÐÄÔÊ¼Âë£¬``²úÆ·'' Óë ``·¢Õ¹ÖÐ'' µÄ£® ²úÆ·°æ±¾´Ó
    1.0.x ¿ªÊ¼¶øÇÒÄ¿Ç°ÊÇÒÔÅ¼Êý±àºÅ·¢±íµÄ; 1.0.x ÊÇ²úÆ·£¬1.2.x ÊÇ²úÆ·£¬
    2.0.x Ò²ÊÇ£®ÕâÐ©°æ±¾Ó¦¸Ã±È½ÏÎÈ¶¨£¬ÔÚ·¢±íÊ±ÊÇÃ»ÓÐ³ô¡õ(bug)µÄ°æ±¾£®
    ·¢Õ¹ÖÐµÄºËÐÄ (1.1.x, 1.3.x µÈµÈ)
    ÊÇ×÷Îª²âÊÔÓÃµÄ£¬¸øÄÇÐ©ÏëÒª²âÊÔ×îÐÂ¶øÇÒ¿ÉÄÜÓÐÐí¶à³ô¡õµÄÈËÓÃµÄ£® ÒÑ¾-
    ¾¯¸æ¹ýÄãÁË£®

   1.2. ÎÄÕÂ·ç¸ñËµÃ÷

    ¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÕâÑù text µÄÎÄ×Ö»òÕßÊÇÄ³Ñù½«³öÏÖÄãµÄÓ©Ä»ÉÏµÄ¶«Î÷£¬Ò»¸öµµÃû£¬
    »òÊÇÄ³Ñù¿É±»Ö±½Ó¼üÈëµÄ¶«Î÷£¬ÏñÊÇÃüÁî£¬»òÃüÁîµÄÑ¡Ïî(Èç¹ûÄã¿´µÄÊÇ´¿ÎÄ×Öµ
    µ°¸£¬Ëü¿´ÆðÀ´Ã»Ê²÷á²»Í¬)£® ÃüÁîÓëÆäËüµÄÊäÈë¾³£±»¿òÆðÀ´(ÓÃ` ')£¬Õâ¾-
    ³£ÒýÆðµäÐÍµÄ±êµã·ûºÅÎÊÌâ:
    Èç¹ûÕâÑùµÄÏîÄ¿³öÏÖÔÚ¾ä×ÓµÄ×îááÃæ£¬ÈËÃÇÊ±³£»áÔÚÃüÁîááÃæ¼ÓÉÏÒ»¾äºÅ `.'£¬
    ÒòÎªÃÀ¹úÈËµÄÒýºÅÏ°¹ß½«¾äºÅ·ÅÈëÒýºÅÀïÃæ£®
    ¼´Ê¹ÓÃ³£Ê¶(¶ø²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬Õâ¼ÙÉèÁËÓµÓÐ´Ë``³£Ê¶''µÄÈËÊÇÏ°¹ßì¶ÃÀ¹úÊ½µÄÒýºÅ)
    ÏëÒ²ÖªµÀÓ¦ÏÈ½«Õâ±êµãÈ¥µô£¬µ«ºÜ¶àÈË×ÜÊÇÍü¼Ç£®
    ËùÒÔÔÚ´ËÇéÐÎÏÂÎÒ½«¾äºÅ·ÅÔÚÒýºÅÍâÍ·£®»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬µ±ÎÒ½ÐÄãÒª´ò ``make
    config'' Ê±£¬ ÎÒ»áÐ´ `make config'£¬¶ø²»ÊÇ `make config.'£®
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2. ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð

   2.1. ²»¹ÜÔõ÷áÑù£¬ºËÐÄµ½µ×ÊÇ×öÊ²÷áµÄ?

    ÔÚ Unix ÏµÍ³ÖÐ£¬ÏñÊÇÄãµÄ³ÌÊ½ÓëÓ²ÌåµÄÒ»¸öÖÙ²ÃÕß£®
    Ê×ÏÈ£¬ËüÎªËùÓÐÖ´ÐÐÖÐµÄ³ÌÊ½(³ÌÐò)×ö¼ÇÒäÌå¹ÜÀí£¬
    ²¢ÇÒÈ·±£ËüÃÇ¶¼ÄÜ¹»Æ½¾ù(»ò²»Æ½¾ù£¬Èç¹ûÄãÔ¸Òâ)µÄ·ÖÏí´¦Àí»úµÄÔËËã×ÊÔ´£®
    ´ËÍâ£¬Ëü»¹Ìá¹©ÁËÒ»¸öÁ¼ºÃµÄ½éÃæÈÃ¸Õ¸ÕÌáµ½µÄ³ÌÊ½ÄÜÍ¸¹ýËüÓëÄãµÄÓ²Ìå¹µÍ¨£®

    ÆäÊµºËÐÄËù´¦ÀíµÄ¹¤×÷±ÈÕâ»¹Òª¸ü¸´ÔÓÒ»Ð©£¬²»¹ýÕâÐ©»ù±¾µÄ¹¦ÄÜÊÇ×î±ØÒªÖªµÀ
    µÄ£®

   2.2. ÎÒÎªÊ²÷áÒª¸üÐÂºËÐÄ?

    ±È½ÏÐÂµÄºËÐÄÒ»°ãÀ´Ëµ»áÌá¹©¸üÇ¿µÄÄÜÁ¦À´Óë¸ü¶àÖÖÆæÆæ¹Ö¹ÖµÄÓ²Ìå¹µÍ¨(Ò²¾ÍÊ
    ÇËµ£¬ËüÃÇÓµÓÐ¸ü¶àµÄÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½)£¬
    ËüÃÇÄÜ¹»ÓÐ¸üºÃµÄÐÐ³Ì¹ÜÀí£¬ËüÃÇÄÜ¹»Ö´ÐÐµÄ±È¾ÉµÄ°æ±¾¸üÓÐÐ§ÂÊ£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜ±È
    ¾ÉµÄ°æ±¾À´µÄ¸üÎÈ¶¨£¬¶øÇÒËüÃÇÐÞÕýÁË¾É°æÀïµÄÒ»Ð©´íÎó£®
    ´ó²¿·ÖµÄÈËÊÇÒòÎªËûÃÇÐèÒªÄÇÐ©ÐÂµÄÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½ÒÔ¼°´íÎóÐÞÕýµÄ²¿·Ý¶ø¸üÐÂºË
    ÐÄ£®

   2.3. ½ÏÐÂµÄºËÐÄÖ§Ô®ÄÇÐ©Ó²Ìå?

    Çë¿´ Hardware-HOWTO ÎÄ¼þ£® ÁíÒ»¸ö·½·¨ÊÇ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ²é¿´ Linux Ô-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÖÐµÄ `config.in' µµ£¬ »òÕß¾ÍÔÚµ±ÄãÊÔÖøÈ¥ `make config'
    Ê±ÕÒ³öÀ´£® `make config' ½«»áÈÃÄã¿´µ½±ê×¼µÄºËÐÄÔ-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÖ§Ô®µÄËùÓÐÓ²Ìå£¬µ«Õâ²¢²»ÊÇ Linux ËùÖ§Ô®µÄÈ«²¿Ó²Ìå£»
    Ðí¶àÆÕÍ¨µÄÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½(ÏñÊÇ PCMCIA
    Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½ÒÔ¼°Ä³Ð©´Å´ø»úµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½)ÊÇ¸ö±ðÎ¬»¤¼°·¢ÐÐµÄ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é£®

   2.4. ÎÒÐèÒªÄÇ¸ö°æ±¾µÄ gcc »òÊÇ libc ?

    Linus ¶ÔÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄ½¨Òé·ÅÔÚ Linux ÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½µÄ README µµ°¸¡õÍ·£®
    Èç¹ûÄãÃ»ÓÐ¸Ã°æ±¾»òÊÇ¸üÐÂµÄ°æ±¾£¬ÐÂ°æµÄ gcc Ó¦¸Ã»á¸æËßÄãÊÇ·ñÐèÒª¸üÐÂ
    libc µÄ°æ±¾£® ÕâÁ½¸ö²Ù×÷¶¼²»»áÓÐÊ²÷áÎÊÌâ£¬Ö»ÒªÕÕÖøËµÃ÷×ö¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁË£®

   2.5. Ê²÷áÊÇ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é?

    ËüÃÇÊÇºËÐÄµÄÒ»²¿·Ö(Í¨³£ÊÇÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½)£¬µ«ÊÇ²¢Ã»ÓÐ±àÒëµ½ºËÐÄÀïÃæÈ¥£®
    ËüÃÇ±»·Ö±ð±àÒë£¬È»áá¼¸ºõ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÈÎºÎÊ±ºò½«ËüÃÇ²åÈëÔË×÷ÖÐµÄºËÐÄ»ò´ÓÖÐÈ¡³ö
    £® ÓÉì¶ËüµÄ±ãÀûÐÔ£¬ÕâÒÑ¾³ÉÎªÒ»ÖÖÔö¼Ó¶«Î÷µ½ºËÐÄÀïÈ¥µÄ½ÏºÃ·½Ê½£®
    Ðí¶à³£ÓÃµÄÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½£¬ÀýÈç PCMCIA Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½ÒÔ¼° QIC-80/40
    ´Å´ø»úµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½¾ÍÊÇ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é£®

   2.6. ÎÒÐèÒª¶à´óµÄ´Åµú¿Õ¼ä?

    ÕâÓëÄãÏµÍ³µÄÌØÊâÅäÖÃÓÐ¹Ø£®Ê×ÏÈ£¬Ñ¹Ëõ¹ýááµÄ Linux ÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÔÚ 2.0.10
    °æÊ±Ô¼Õ¼ 6 MB£® Ðí¶àÕ¾Ì¨ÔÚ½âÑ¹ËõááÈÔ»á±£ÁôÒ»·Ý£®½âÑ¹ËõÒÔááÕâ½«Õ¼µôÔ¼
    24 MB£® µ«Õâ»¹²»ÊÇÈ«²¿ ¡ª Äã½«»áÐèÒª¸ü¶àµÄ´Åµú¿Õ¼äÀ´Êµ¼Ê±àÒëÕâÐ©¶«Î÷£®
    ÕâÓëÄãÅäÖÃ¶àÉÙ¶«Î÷µ½ÄãµÄºËÐÄÀïÍ·È¥ÓÐ¹Ø£®ÀýÈç£¬ÔÚÄ³²¿»úÆ÷ÉÏ£¬ÎÒÓÐÍøÂ·£¬
    3Com 3C503 µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½£¬ ²¢ÇÒÅäÖÃÁËÈýÖÖµµ°¸ÏµÍ³£¬¶øÕâÈ«²¿¹²ÐèÒª 30
    MB£®¼ÓÉÏÑ¹Ëõ¹ýµÄ linux ÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë£¬Õâ¸öÅäÖÃ´ó¸ÅÐèÒªÓÃµôÄã 36MB £®
    ÔÚÁíÍâÒ»¸öÏµÍ³ÉÏ£¬²»ÐèÒªÖ§Ô®ÍøÂ·Éè±¸(µ«ÈÔÈ»ÐèÒªÖ§Ô®ÍøÂ·)£¬¼ÓÉÏÒôÐ§¿¨£¬
    ½á¹û³Ôµô¸ü¶à¿Õ¼ä£®
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   2.7. ÕâÐèÒª¶à¾ÃµÄÊ±¼ä?

    ¶Ô´ó²¿·ÝµÄÈË¶øÑÔ£¬´ð°¸ÊÇ``ºÜ¾Ã''£®ÄãµÄ´¦Àí»úËÙ¶ÈÓÐ¶à¿ì£¬ÒÔ¼°ÄãÓµÓÐµÄ¼Ç
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    µ«ÊÇ£¬ÔÚ°Ñ¶àÉÙ¶«Î÷ÅäÖÃµ½ºËÐÄÀïÍ·È¥Õâ·½Ãæ»¹ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔ×öµãÅ¬Á¦£® ÔÚÒ»Ì¨ÓÐ 16
    MB ¼ÇÒäÌåµÄ 486DX4-100
    µçÄÔÉÏ£¬Ò»¸öÓÐÎåÖÖµµ°¸ÏµÍ³¡¢Ö§Ô®ÍøÂ·¡¢ÒÔ¼°ÒôÐ§¿¨Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½µÄ 1.2
    °æºËÐÄ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ¶þÊ®·ÖÖÓÒÔÄÚÍê³É£® ÀàËÆµÄÅäÖÃ£¬ÔÚÒ»Ì¨ 386DX/40(8 MB
    ¼ÇÒäÌå)ÉÏ´óÔ¼ÐèÒªÒª 1.5 ¸öÐ¡Ê±£®
    ÔÚ±àÒëºËÐÄÊ±Í¨³£Ò»Ð©ºÃµÄ½¨ÒéÊÇÈ¥ºÈÒ»µã¿§·È£¬¿´µãµçÊÓ£¬Ö¯Ð©Ã«Ïß£¬»òÈÎºÎ
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    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð
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    ÈçºÎÕæÕý½øÐÐºËÐÄµÄÅäÖÃ?
    Previous: ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð
    Next: ±àÒëºËÐÄ
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3. ÈçºÎÕæÕý½øÐÐºËÐÄµÄÅäÖÃ?

   3.1. È¡µÃÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë

    Äã¿ÉÒÔ¾ÓÉÄäÃû ftp Õ¾´Ó ftp.funet.fi µÄ /pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus£¬
    »òÊÇÆäËü MIRROR Õ¾È¡µÃ£®([Òë×¢] Ì¨Íå¿É´Ó ftp.edu.tw È¡µÃ£®)
    µµ°¸Ãû³ÆÒ»°ãÊÇÒÔ±ê¼Ç³É linux-x.y.z.tar.gz Îª´ú±í£¬ÆäÖÐµÄ x.y.z
    ÊÇ°æ±¾±àºÅ£® ½ÏÐÂµÄ(¸üºÃµÄ?)°æ±¾ÒÔ¼°ÐÞ²¹µµÒ»°ãÊÇ·ÅÔÚÀàËÆ `v1.1' ÒÔ¼°
    `v1.2' ÕâÑùµÄ×ÓÄ¿Â¼ÏÂ£®
    Êý×Ö×î´óµÄÊÇ×îÐÂµÄ°æ±¾£¬¶øÇÒÍ¨³£ÊÇ``²âÊÔ°æ''£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµÈç¹ûÄã¶Ô beta »ò
    alpha °æ¸Ðµ½²»°²µÄ»°£¬ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÍ£ÁôÔÚÖ÷ÒªµÄ·¢ÐÐ°æ±¾ÉÏ£®

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    µ×ÏÂÊÇÒ»Ð© mirrors ÒÔ¼°ÆäËû½ÚµãµÄ¼òÒªÁÐ±í:


USA:         sunsite.unc.edu:/pub/Linux/kernel

USA:         tsx-11.mit.edu:/pub/linux/sources/system

UK:          sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk:/pub/unix/Linux/sunsite.unc-mirror/kernel

Austria:     ftp.univie.ac.at:/systems/linux/sunsite/kernel

Germany:     ftp.Germany.EU.net:/pub/os/Linux/Local.EUnet/Kernel/Linus

Germany:     sunsite.informatik.rwth-aachen.de:/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus

France:      ftp.ibp.fr:/pub/linux/sources/system/patches

Australia:   sunsite.anu.edu.au:/pub/linux/kernel

    Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬sunsite.unc.edu µÄ mirror Õ¾ÊÇºÜºÃÕÒµÄ£® µµ°¸
    /pub/Linux/MIRRORS °üº¬ÁËÒÑÖªµÄ mirror ½Úµã£® Èç¹ûÄãÃ»ÓÐ°ì·¨ÉÏ ftp
    £¬ÓÐ¸ö´æ·Å linux µÄ BBS ÏµÍ³ÁÐ±í»á¶¨ÆÚ¿¯µÇÔÚ comp.os.linux.announce
    ÉÏ£¬ÊÔÖøµ½ÄÇ±ßÈ¥ÕÒÒ»ÏÂ£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÏëÑ°ÕÒÒ»°ãµÄ Linux ×ÊÑ¶ÓëÌ×¼þ£¬È¥ http://www.linux.org/£®

   3.2. ½â¿ªÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÂëµÄ°ü×°

    È·¶¨ÄãÊÇÒÔ`root'µÄÉí·ÝÇ©Èë£¬È»áá cd µ½ /usr/src£® Èç¹ûÄã°²×° Linux
    Ê±ÒÑ¾°²×°ÁËºËÐÄÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÄ¿Â¼µ×ÏÂÓ¦¸ÃÒÑ¾´æÔÚÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö `linux'
    µÄ×ÓÄ¿Â¼£® ÕâÊÇ¾É°æµÄ linux Ô-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½Âë£®Èç¹ûÄã»¹ÓÐ´Åµú¿Õ¼ä¶øÇÒÏëÒªÍæµÃ°²È«Ò»µã£¬ÄÇ÷áÄã»áÏëÒª±£ÁôÕâ¸ö
    ×ÓÄ¿Â¼µÄ£®
    ÓÐ¸öºÃÖ÷ÒâÊÇ¸ù¾ÝÄãÄ¿Ç°Ê¹ÓÃµÄºËÐÄ°æ±¾À´ÐÞ¸ÄÕâ¸ö×ÓÄ¿Â¼µÄÃû³Æ£® `uname
    -r' Õâ¸öÖ¸Áî½«»á¸æËßÄãÄ¿Ç°µÄºËÐÄ°æ±¾£® ËùÒÔ£¬Èç¹û `uname -r' ÏÔÊ¾
    `1.0.9'£¬Äã¾Í¿ÉÒÔ°Ñ `linux' ¸ÄÃû(ÓÃ `mv')Îª `linux-1.0.9'£®
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    Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÃ»ÓÐ `linux' Õâ¸ö×ÓÄ¿Â¼¾Í¶ÔÁË£®

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    `tar xpvf linux-x.y.z.tar')£® Äã½«»á¿´µ½Ô-
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    `linux' ×ÓÄ¿Â¼£® cd µ½ linux Ä¿Â¼ÏÂÈ»áá²é¿´ README µµ£¬
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    µµ°¸µÈµÈµÈÖîÈç´ËÀàµÄ¹¤×÷£®

   3.3. ÅäÖÃºËÐÄ

    ×¢Òâ£ºÕâ²¿·ÝÄÚÈÝÓÐÐ©ÊÇÖØ¸² Linus µÄ README
    µµ°¸ÖÐµÄÏàÓ¦ÕÂ½Ú»ò¼ÓÒÔÐÞ¶©£®

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    ¶øÕâ¸öÖ¸Áî¸å»áÎÊÄã¸÷ÖÖÎÊÌâ£®ËüÐèÒª bash £¬ËùÒÔÒªÈ·¶¨ bash ÊÇ
    /bin/bash£¬/bin/sh »ò $BASH£®

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    Window µÄÈËÄãÈç¹ûÓÐ×° Tk µÄ»°¿ÉÒÔÊÔÖøÓÃ `make xconfig'£® `make
    menuconfig' ÊÇ¸øÄÇÐ©ÓÐ×° (n)curses ¶øÇÒÏ²»¶ÎÄ×ÖÄ£Ê½Ñ¡µ¥µÄÈËÓÃµÄ£®
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    Éè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½Í¨³£»áÓÐÒ»¸ö `m' Ñ¡Ïî£®
    Õâ±íÊ¾``Ä£×é(module)''£¬±íÊ¾ËµÏµÍ³½«»á±àÒëËü£¬µ«²»»áÖ±½Ó·Å½øºËÐÄÀï£¬¶ø
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     3.3.1. Kernel math emulation (ºËÐÄµÄÊýÑ§ÔËËãÄ£Äâ)

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    ÄÇÒ²²»±ØÌ«µ£ÐÄ ¡ª linux »¹ÊÇ»áÈ¥Ê¹ÓÃËü¶øºöÂÔµôºËÐÄµÄÄ£Äâ³ÌÊ½£®
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    Window ÏµÍ³µÄÐ§ÂÊ»áÓÐºÜ´óÓ°Ïì£®

     3.3.2. Normal (MFM/RLL) disk and IDE disk/cdrom support (±ê×¼Ó²µúÖ§Ô®)

    ÄãÔÚÕâÀï²î²»¶à¶¼µÃ»Ø´ð `y'£®Ëü´ú±íµÄÒâË¼ÊÇºËÐÄ½«»áÖ§Ô®±ê×¼µÄ PC Ó²µú£¬
    ÀýÈç´ó¶àÊýÈËÊ¹ÓÃµÄ IDE ½çÃæÓ²µú£®Õâ²»°üÀ¨ SCSI Éè±¸µÄÖ§Ô®;
    Õâ½«ÔÚááÃæÉè¶¨£®

    È»ááÄã»á±»ÎÊµ½¹Øì¶ ``old disk-only'' Óë ``new IDE'' Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½µÄÊÂ£®
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    ¶øÐÂµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½Ö§Ô®µÚ¶þ½çÃæ¼° IDE/ATAPI
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    µÄ´ÅµúÐ§ÂÊ£¬ÌØ±ðÊÇÈç¹ûÄãÓÐ½ÏÐÂµÄ EIDE Ó²ÌåµÄ»°£®

     3.3.3. Networking support (ÍøÂ·Ö§Ô®)

    ÔÔòÉÏ£¬Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÁ¬½ÓÍøÂ·£¬Æ©ÈçËµ£¬ÄãÓÐ Internet Á¬Ïß£¬»òÊÇÄã½«Ê¹ÓÃ
    SLIP£¬PPP£¬term »òÆäËü·½Ê½²¦½Óµ½ Internet ÉÏµÄ»°£¬»Ø´ð `y'£®
    È»¶ø£¬Ä³Ð©ÈíÌåÌ×¼þ(ÀýÈç X Window
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    ð `y'£® È»áá£¬Äã»á±»ÎÊµ½ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÖ§Ô® TCP/IP
    ÍøÂ·£¬Èç¹ûÄã²»Ê®·ÖÈ·¶¨£¬¾Í»Ø´ð `y'£®

     3.3.4. Limit memory to low 16MB (ÖÆ¼ÇÒäÌåÔÚ 16 MB)

    ¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÒ»Ð©²»Á¼µÄ 386 DMA ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÎÞ·¨ÕýÈ·µØ¶¨Ö·µ½ 16 MB
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     3.3.5. System V IPC

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    ÊéÖÐµÄ×¢½â£® Õâ²¢²»´óÆæ¹Ö£¬Ò»Ð© Perl
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    DOOM)Ò»Ñù£® Òò´Ë³ý·ÇÄãÍêÈ«ÁË½âÄãÔÚ×öÊ²÷á£¬²»È»×îºÃ±ð»Ø´ð n£®

     3.3.6. Processor type (386, 486, Pentium, PPro) (Î¢´¦Àí»úÖÖÀà)

    (ÔÚ½Ï¾É°æ±¾µÄºËÐÄÖÐÎª: Use -m486 flag for 486-specific
    optimizations£¬Ê¹ÓÃ -m486 Æì±êÕë¶Ô 486 ×ö×î¼Ñ»¯)

    °´ÕÕ¹ßÀýµØ£¬ÕâÊÇ¶ÔÒ»ÌØ±ðµÄÎ¢´¦Àí»ú×öÄ³ÖÖ×î¼Ñ»¯;
    ºËÐÄÈÔ¿ÉÔÚÆäËü¾§Æ¬ÉÏÅÜµÃºÜºÃ£¬µ«¿ÉÄÜ»á±È½Ï´óÐ©£®
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    µÄºËÐÄ¿ÉÒÔÔÚËùÓÐµÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏ¹¤×÷£®

     3.3.7. SCSI support (SCSI µÄÖ§Ô®)

    Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ SCSI Éè±¸£¬ÄÇ÷á¾Í»Ø´ð `y'£®
    ½ÓÖø»áÓÐÌáÊ¾ÒªÇó¸ü½øÒ»²½µÄ×ÊÑ¶£¬ÏñÊÇÄãÊÇ·ñÒªÖ§Ô®¹âµú»ú£¬´Åµú»ú£¬»¹ÓÐÄã
    Ê¹ÓÃµÄÊÇÄÇÒ»ÖÖ SCSI ½éÃæ¿¨£® Õâ²¿·ÝÇë²ÎÔÄ SCSI-HOWTO£¬ÓÐ¸üÏêÏ¸µÄËµÃ÷£®

     3.3.8. Network device support (ÍøÂ·Éè±¸Ö§Ô®)

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    `y'£® ½ÓÖø»áÓÐÌáÊ¾ÎÊÄãÊ¹ÓÃµÄÊÇÄÇÒ»ÖÖÍøÂ·¿¨£¬»òÒªÊ¹ÓÃÄÇÒ»ÖÖÍ¨Ñ¶Ð¶¨£®

     3.3.9. Filesystems (µµ°¸ÏµÍ³)

    Õâ½«»áÓÐÌáÊ¾ÒªÄã»Ø´ðËùÒªÖ§Ô®µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÖÖÀà£¬¼ÆÓÐ£º

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    Ä³Ð©``¼±¾È´ÅÆ¬''³ÌÊ½»áÓÃµ½Ëü£¬¶øÇÒÈÔÈ»ÓÐÐí¶àÈíµú´ÅÆ¬¿ÉÄÜÓÃ minix
    µµ°¸ÏµÍ³£¬ÒòÎª minix µµ°¸ÏµÍ³¶Ôì¶´¦ÀíÈíµúÆ¬·½Ãæ½ÏÎÞÎÊÌâ£®

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    ¾Í²»ÐèÒªËü£®

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    »Ø´ð `y'£®

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    msdos ¡ª Èç¹ûÄãÏëÒªÔÚ linux ÏÂÊ¹ÓÃÄãÓ²µúÖÐµÄ MS-DOS ·Ö¸îÇø£¬»òÊÇÏë½«ÓÃ
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    ³ÌÐò¹¤¾ß(Ïñ `ps')¶¼»áÓÃµ½Ëü£® ÓÐÊ±¿ÉÒÔÊÔÖøÓÃ `cat /proc/meminfo' »ò
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    Ðí¶àÖØÒªµÄ Linux ¹¤¾ß¶¼ÒÀÀµËüÀ´ÔË×÷µÄ£®

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    `y'£®

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    Linux ÏÂÊ¹ÓÃ£¬»Ø´ð `y'£®

    OS/2 HPFS ¡ª ÔÚ±àÐ´Õâ·ÝÎÄ¼þµÄÊ±ºò£¬Õâ¸öµµ°¸ÏµÍ³»¹Ö»Ö§Ô®µ½ OS/2 HPFS
    µÄ¶ÁÈ¡£®

    System V and Coherent ¡ª ÕâÊÇÎª System V ÒÔ¼° Coherent
    ÏµÍ³µÄ·Ö¸îÇø¶øÉèµÄ(ËüÃÇÊÇÁíÒ»ÖÖÔÚ PC ÉÏµÄ Unix ÏµÍ³)£®

       3.3.9.1. µ«ÊÇÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÎÒÐèÒªÄÇÐ©µµ°¸ÏµÍ³!

    ºÃ°É£¬¼üÈë `mount'£®Ëü¿´ÆðÀ´»áÏñÕâÑù£º


     blah# mount

     /dev/hda1 on / type ext2 (defaults)

     /dev/hda3 on /usr type ext2 (defaults)

     none on /proc type proc (defaults)

     /dev/fd0 on /mnt type msdos (defaults)

    ×ÐÏ¸¿´¿´Ã¿Ò»ÐÐ£»ÔÚ `type' ááÃæµÄÄÇ¸ö×Ö¾ÍÊÇµµ°¸ÏµÍ³µÄ¸ñÊ½£®
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    /proc £¬¶øÇÒ¹ÒÓÐÒ»ÕÅÒÔ msdos (bleah) Îªµµ°¸ÏµÍ³¸ñÊ½µÄ´ÅÆ¬£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÊ¹ÓÃ /proc£¬¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔ `cat /proc/filesystems'£®
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     3.3.10. Character devices (×ÖÔªÉè±¸)

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    »¬Êó(´ó²¿·Ö±Ê¼ÇÐÍµçÄÔÊ¹ÓÃÄÚ½¨µÄ PS/2 »¬Êó)£¬
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     3.3.11. Sound card (ÒôÐ§¿¨)

    Èç¹ûÄãÏëÌýµ½ biff ³ÌÊ½´ó½ÐµÄ»°£¬»Ø´ð `y'£®
    È»ááµÈÒ»ÏÂ»á±àÒëÁíÒ»¸öÅäÖÃ³ÌÊ½²¢ÏêÏ¸Ñ¯ÎÊÄãËùÓÐ¹Øì¶ÒôÐ§¿¨µÄÎÊÌâ£®
    (×¢Òâ: µ±ËüÎÊÄãÊÇ·ñ°²×°ÍêÕû°æ±¾µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½Ê±£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ»Ø´ð `n'
    ÒÔ¼õÉÙÄãºËÐÄ¼ÇÒäÌå²¢Ö»Ñ¡ÓÃÄãÕæÕýÐèÒªµÄ£®)
    Èç¹ûÄãÓÐÒôÐ§¿¨ÎÒÇ¿ÁÒ½¨Òé¿´Ò»ÏÂ Sound-HOWTO ÒÔÖªµÀ¸ü¶àµÄÏ¸½Ú£®

     3.3.12. ÆäËüÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî

    Ã»ÓÐ½«ËùÓÐµÄÑ¡Ïî¶¼ÁÐ³öÀ´£¬ÒòÎªÓÐÐ©¾³£¸Ä±ä£¬»òÊÇÏàµ±×ÔÃ÷µÄ(ÀýÈç 3Com
    3C509 support ¾ÍÊÇ±àÒëÕâÖÖÌØ±ðÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¿¨µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½)£¬
    ÓÐÒ»¸öÊ®·ÖÈÝÒ×Àí½âµÄËùÓÐÑ¡ÏîÁÐ±í(°üÀ¨½«ËüÃÇ·Åµ½ Configure
    Ö¸Áî¸åµÄ·½·¨)¿ÉÔÚÕâ¸ö URL ÕÒµ½(ÓÉ Axel Boldt axel@uni-paderborn.de
    ËùÊÕ¼¯):

      http://math-www.uni-paderborn.de/~axel/config_help.html

    »ò¾ÓÉÄäÃû FTP Õ¾:

      ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/config/krnl_cnfg_hlp.x.yz.tg
      z

    ÆäÖÐ x.yz ÊÇ°æ±¾ºÅÂë£®

    ÆäááÀ´µÄºËÐÄÖÐ(2.0.x ¼°ÆäááµÄ)£¬ÕâÒÑ±»ÕûºÏµ½ÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÖÐ£®

     3.3.13. Kernel hacking

    >ÕâÊÇ´Ó Linus µÄ README ÀïÕªÂ¼µÄ£º

    ``kernel hacking''
    ÅäÖÃµÄÏ¸½ÚÍ¨³£»á²úÉúÒ»¸ö¸ü´ó»òÊÇ¸üÂýµÄºËÐÄ(»òÕßÊÇÓÖ´óÓÖÂý)£¬
    ¶øÇÒ¿ÉÄÜÒòÎª½«Ò»Ð©³£Ê½ÅäÖÃ³ÉºÜ»îÔ¾µØÈ¥³¢ÊÔÖÐ¶ÏÒ»Ð©²»Á¼µÄ³ÌÊ½ÂëÒÔ±ãÕÒ³ö
    ºËÐÄÀïµÄÎÊÌâ£¨ kmalloc() £©£¬
    ¶øÊ¹µÃºËÐÄ±äµÃ±È½Ï²»ÎÈ¶¨£®ËùÒÔÒª²úÉúÒ»¸öºËÐÄ``²úÆ·''µÄ»°£¬ÄãÔÚÕâÀïÓ¦¸Ã
    »Ø´ð `n'£®

   3.4. ÏÖÔÚÄØ? (The Makefile)

    ÔÚÄãÍê³É make config Ö®áá£¬Ó¦¸Ã»áÓÐÒ»¸öÑ¶Ï¢¸æËßÄãºËÐÄÒÑ¾ÅäÖÃºÃÁË£¬
    ÒÔ¼°ÒªÄãÈ¥``check the top-level Makefile for additional
    configuration'' µÈµÈÑ¶Ï¢£®

    ËùÒÔ²é¿´Ò»ÏÂ Makefile£®ÄãÓ¦¸Ã²»±Ø¸Ä±äËü£¬µ«ÊÇ¿´¿´ÎÞ·Á£®
    Ò»µ©ÐÂºËÐÄÍê³É£¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃ `rdev' Ö¸ÁîÀ´¸Ä±äÆäÖÐµÄÑ¡Ïî£®
      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÈçºÎÕæÕý½øÐÐºËÐÄµÄÅäÖÃ?
    Previous: ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð
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    Next: ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ
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4. ±àÒëºËÐÄ

   4.1. Çå³ýÓëÈ·ÈÏ

    µ±ÓÃÀ´½øÐÐÅäÖÃµÄÖ¸Áî¸åÖ´ÐÐÍê³ÉÊ±£¬Ëü»á¸æËßÄãÈ¥ `make dep' ÒÔ¼°
    `clean'£® ËùÒÔÒªÖ´ÐÐ`make dep'£®Õâ½«È·±£ËùÓÐµÄÏàÒÀ¹ØÏµ£¬ÀýÈç include
    files ¶¼Ã»ÎÊÌâ£® ³ý·ÇÄãµÄµçÄÔÕæµÄºÜÂý£¬·ñÔòËü²»»á»¨Ì«¾ÃÊ±¼äµÄ£®
    Íê³Éáá£¬ÔÚ½Ï¾É°æ±¾µÄºËÐÄÖÐÄã»¹Ó¦¸Ã×ö `make clean'£®
    Õâ»áÇå³ýºËÐÄ±àÒëµÄËùÓÐÄ¿µÄµµÒÔ¼°ÆäËü¶«Î÷£®ÔÚÖØ½¨Ò»¸öºËÐÄÖ®Ç°²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÕâ
    ¸ö²½Öè£®

   4.2. ±àÒëÊ±ÆÚ

    ÔÚÍê³É `make dep' ¼° `make clean' ¹¤×÷Ö®áá£¬ÄãÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ `make
    zImage' »ò `make zdisk' (Õâ²¿·ÝÐèÒª³¤Ê±¼ä)£® `make zImage'
    ½«»á±àÒëºËÐÄ£¬²¢ÇÒÔÚ arch/i386/boot Áô¸øÄãÒ»¸ö½Ð×ö `zImage'
    µÄµµ°¸£®Õâ¾ÍÊÇÐÂµÄÑ¹ËõºËÐÄ£® `make zdisk'
    ×öµÄÊÂÒ²Ò»Ñù£¬µ«ÊÇËü»á°ÑºËÐÄ·Åµ½ÄãËùÏ£ÍûµÄ´ÅÆ¬È¥£¬Ö»Òª°ÑÕâÕÅ´ÅÆ¬·ÅÔÚ
    ``A:''£®
    `zdisk'¶Ôì¶²âÊÔÐÂºËÐÄºÜ·½±ã£»Èç¹ûËüµ±µô(»ò¹¤×÷²»Õý³£)£¬Ö»Òª°Ñ´ÅÆ¬ÄÃµôÔ
    ÙÓÃ¾ÉµÄºËÐÄÆô¶¯¼´¿É£®
    Èç¹ûÄãÒâÍâµØÉ¾³ýÁËºËÐÄ»òÊÇÊ²÷áµÄ£¬ËüÒ²ÊÇ¸ö·½±ãµÄÆô¶¯°ì·¨£®
    µ±Äã°ÑÒ»Ì¨´ÅµúµÄÄÚÈÝÇãµ¹µ½ÁíÍâÒ»Ì¨È¥Ê±£¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃËüÀ´°²×°ÐÂµÄÏµÍ³(³ýÁ
    ËÕâÐ©Ö®Íâ»¹ÓÐ¸ü¶àÓÃÍ¾£¡)

    ËùÓÐ½üÀ´µÄºËÐÄ¶¼ÊÇÑ¹Ëõ¹ýµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÓÐ¸ö `z'
    ÔÚÃû×ÖÇ°Ãæ£®Ñ¹Ëõ¹ýµÄºËÐÄÖ´ÐÐµÄÊ±ºò»á×Ô¶¯½«×Ô¼º½âÑ¹Ëõ£®

   4.3. ÆäËû¿ÉÒÔ``make''µÄ¶«Î÷

    `make mrproper' ½«»á×ö¸ü¹ã·ºµÄ `Çå³ý' ¹¤×÷£®
    Õâ¸ö¶¯×÷ÓÐÊ±ºòÊÇ±ØÐëµÄ£¬ËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏ£ÍûÔÚÃ¿´ÎÐÞ²¹µÄÊ±ºòÖ´ÐÐËü£® `make
    mrproper'
    »¹»á½«ÄãµÄÅäÖÃµµ°¸É±µô£¬ËùÒÔÈç¹ûÄãÈÏÎªËüÖØÒªµÄ»°Ó¦¸ÃÏÈ×öÒ»±¸·Ý(ÔÚ
    .config)£®

    `make oldconfig' »á³¢ÊÔÓÉÒ»¾ÉµÄÅäÖÃµµ°¸À´ÅäÖÃÄãµÄºËÐÄ£®Ëü»áÎªÄãÖ´ÐÐ
    `make config'£®
    Èç¹ûÄã»¹Î´Ôø±àÒë¹ýºËÐÄ»òÃ»ÓÐ¾ÉµÄÅäÖÃµµ°¸£¬ÄÇ÷áÄã¿ÉÄÜ²»¸Ã×öÕâ¸ö£¬ÒòÎªÄã
    ¼¸ºõÈ·¶¨»á¸ü¸ÄÔ¤ÉèµÄÅäÖÃ£®

    ²Î¼û¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×éÒ»½Ú¶Ô `make modules' µÄËµÃ÷£®

   4.4. °²×°ºËÐÄ

    ÔÚÄãÒÑ¾-
    »ñµÃÒ»¸ö¿´ÆðÀ´ÄÜ¹»ÕÕÄãÏ£ÍûÔË×÷µÄÐÂºËÐÄÖ®áá£¬ÏÖÔÚÊÇ°²×°ËüµÄÊ±ºòÁË£®
    ´ó²¿·ÝµÄÈËÊ¹ÓÃ LILO (Linux Loader) À´×öÕâ¼þÊÂ£® `make zlilo'
    ½«»á°²×°ºËÐÄ£¬È»áá¶ÔËüÖ´ÐÐ LILO£¬Ê¹ÄãÍê³ÉËùÓÐ¿ª»úµÄ×¼±¸£¬ µ«ÊÇÕâÖ»ÓÐÔÚ
    LILO ÒÑ¾ÒÔÏÂÁÐÕâÖÖ·½Ê½ÅäÖÃºÃµÄÊ±ºò²Å¿ÉÒÔ£ººËÐÄÎª /vmlinuz £¬ lilo ÔÚ
    /sbin ÏÂ£¬¶øÇÒÓëÄãµÄ LILO ÅäÖÃ(/etc/lilo.conf)Ò»ÖÂ£®

    ÁíÒ»·½Ãæ£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÖ±½ÓÊ¹ÓÃ
    LILO£®ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÏàµ±ÈÝÒ×°²×°µÄÈíÌå£¬È»¶ø£¬ËüµÄÅäÖÃµµ³£Ê¹ÈËÀ§ÈÅ£®
    ²é¿´ÅäÖÃµµ(²»ÊÇ¾É°æµÄ /etc/lilo/config ¾ÍÊÇÐÂ°æµÄ
    /etc/lilo.conf)£¬¿´¿´ÀïÃæÓÐÐ©Ê²÷á£® Ëü¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÕâÑù×ÓµÄ¶«Î÷£º


     image = /vmlinuz

         label = Linux

         root = /dev/hda1

         ...

    Ê×ÏÈ£¬`image =' Éè¶¨ÎªÒÑ¾°²×°µÄºËÐÄ£®´ó²¿·ÝµÄÈËËÆºõ¶¼ÓÃ /vmlinuz£®
    `label' ÔòÊÇ¸ø lilo ÓÃÀ´¾ö¶¨ÏÖÔÚÒªÆô¶¯µÄÊÇÄÇ¸öºËÐÄ»ò×÷ÒµÏµÍ³£¬ ¶ø
    `root' ÔòÊÇÕâ¸öÌØ±ðµÄ×÷ÒµÏµÍ³µÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼ /£®
    ±¸·ÝÒ»·Ý¾ÉµÄºËÐÄ£¬È»áá½«Äã×öµÄ zImage ¿½±´½øÈ¥(ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹ûÄãÓÃ
    `/vmlinuz' µÄ»°£¬¾ÍÏñÕâÑù `cp zImage /vmlinuz')£® È»áá£¬Ö´ÐÐ
    `lilo'£¬µ«ÊÇÔÚ½Ï¾ÉµÄÏµÍ³ÉÏ£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ±ØÐëÖ´ÐÐ /etc/lilo/install »òÉõÖÁÊÇ
    /etc/lilo/lilo -C /etc/lilo/config£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÏëÖªµÀ¸ü¶àÓÐ¹Øì¶ LILO µÄÅäÖÃ£¬»òÊÇÄã²¢Ã»ÓÐ LILO
    µ«ÊÇÄãÏëÒª°²×°µÄ»°£¬ ´ÓÄãÏ²»¶µÄ ftp ½ÚµãÈ¡µÃ×îÐÂµÄ°æ±¾È»ááÒÀËµÃ÷ÐÐÊÂ£®

    ÒªÄÜ¹»´ÓÓ²µúÆô¶¯ÄãµÄ¾ÉºËÐÄÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»µÄ»°(ÕâÊÇÁíÒ»¸öÔÚÐÂºËÐÄ³ö×´¿öµÄÇé¿öÏ
    Â±£»¤Äã×Ô¼ºµÄ·½·¨)£¬ °Ñ LILO ÅäÖÃµµÖÐËùÓÐµÄ(°üÀ¨) `image = xxx'
    ¿½±´µ½µµ°¸µÄ×îµ×¶Ë£¬ È»áá°Ñ `image = xxx' ¸Ä³É `image = yyy' ÆäÖÐµÄ
    `yyy' ÊÇÄã±¸·Ý¾ÉºËÐÄËù´æµµµÄÃû×Ö£® ½ÓÖø£¬°Ñ `label = zzz' ¸Ä³ÉÏñÊÇ
    `label = linux-backup' È»ááÖØÐÂÖ´ÐÐ lilo£® Äã¿ÉÄÜµÃÒª¼ÓÉÏÒ»ÐÐ
    `delay=x'£¬ÆäÖÐµÄ x ÊÇÒÔÊ®·ÖÖ®Ò»ÃëÎªµ¥Î»µÄÊ±¼ä£¬ ÕâÊÇ¸æËß LILO
    ÔÚÆô¶¯Ç°ÏÈµÈÒ»ÏÂ£¬ËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÒÔÖÐ¶ÏËüµÄÖ´ÐÐ(ÀýÈçÓÃ shift ¼ü)£®
    È»áá¼üÈëËù±¸·ÝµÄÆô¶¯Ó³ÏñÖ® label
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      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ±àÒëºËÐÄ
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    Next: ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ
    Previous: ±àÒëºËÐÄ
    Next: ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ
      _________________________________________________________________

5. ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ

   5.1. Ê¹ÓÃÐÞ²¹µµ

    ºËÐÄµÄÐ¡·ù¸üÐÂÊÇÒÔÐÞ²¹µµµÄ·½Ê½·¢ÐÐ£®ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹ûÄãµÄ°æ±¾ÊÇ 1.1.45 £¬
    ¶øÇÒÄã×¢Òâµ½³öÏÖÁËÒ»¸ö `patch46.gz' ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Éý¼¶Ëü£¬
    Õâ´ú±íÄã¿ÉÒÔ½åÓÉÊ¹ÓÃÕâ¸öÐÞ²¹µµ½«°æ±¾Éý¼¶µ½ 1.1.46£®
    ÄãÒ²Ðí»áÏëÒªÏÈ±¸·ÝÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë(`make clean' È»áá `cd /usr/src; tar zcvf
    old-tree.tar.gz linux' ½«»áÎªÄãÔì³öÒ»·Ý tar Ñ¹Ëõµµ£¬ÀïÃæ¾ÍÊÇÕû¸öÔ-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÓëÆäµµ°¸¼Ü¹¹)£®

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    ÏÂ£® cd µ½ /usr/src È»ááÖ´ÐÐ `zcat patch46.gz | patch -p0'
    (Èç¹û²¢²»ÊÇÑ¹Ëõ¹ýµÄÐÞ²¹µµ£¬ÄÇ÷á¾ÍÖ´ÐÐ `patch -p0 < patch46')£¬
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    ³É¹¦µØÖ´ÐÐ£® ËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏëÔÚ patch Ö¸ÁîÖÐ¼ÓÉÏ -s Ñ¡Ïî£¬¸æËß patch
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    ÎÒµÄµçÄÔÕýÔÚ×öÄ³Ð©¸Ä±ä!''µÄ¸Ð¾õ£¬²»¹ýÄã¿ÉÄÜÄþÔ¸ÕâÑù¡)
    ÄÇ÷á¾ÍµÃÕÒÕÒ¿´Ò»Ð©¿ÉÄÜ²»ÊÇÄÇ÷áË³ÀûµÄÊÂ£®cd µ½ /usr/src/linux
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    patch£¨±È½Ï¾ÉµÄ°æ±¾£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÔÚ±È½ÏÔçÆÚµÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÉÏ±àÒëµÄ£©»á°ÑÕâÐ©Ã
    »ÓÐ³É¹¦µÄ²Ù×÷¼ÇÂ¼ÔÚµµÃûÓÐ # µÄµµ°¸Àï£® Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃ `find' À´ÌæÄãÕÒ£»

     find .  -name '*.rej' -print

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    Èç´Ë£¬Äã¾ÍÐèÒªÖØÐÂÈ¡µÃÒ»·ÝÐÂµÄÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë£®

    Òª»¹Ôµ½ÐÞ²¹Ç°µÄ×´Ì¬µÄ»°£¬ÔÚÔÏÈµÄÐÞ²¹µµÉÏÖ´ÐÐ `patch -R'£®

    µ±ÐÞ²¹µµÕæµÄÊ§°ÜµÄÊ±ºò£¬×îºÃµÄ°ì·¨ÊÇ´ÓÒ»¸öÇ¬¾»µÄÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë(ÀýÈç´Ó
    linux-x.x.x.tar.gz µµ°¸ÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»)¿ªÊ¼£¬ÔÙÖØÐÂÖ´ÐÐ£®

   5.3. ¿³µô .orig µµ°¸

    Ö»Òª×ö¹ý¼¸´ÎÐÞ²¹ÒÔáá£¬ÄÇÐ© .orig µÄµµ°¸½«»á¿ªÊ¼¶Ñ»ý£® ÀýÈç£¬ÎÒµÄÒ»¸ö
    1.1.51 °æµÄ³ÌÊ½Âë×îááÒ»´Î×öÇåÉ¨ÊÇÔÚ 1.1.48 °æ£¨ÎÒÏëÊÇ°É£©£® É¾³ýÕâÐ©
    .orig µµ°¸»á½ÚÊ¡Ðí¶àµÄ´Åµú¿Õ¼ä£®

     find .  -name '*.orig' -exec rm -f {} ';'

    ½«»áÌæÄãÕÕÁÏÕâ¼þÊÂ£®Ä³Ð©°æ±¾µÄ patch »áÓÃ ~ À´´úÌæ .orig£®

    ÓÐÆäËü¸üºÃµÄµÄ°ì·¨¿É¿³µôÕâÐ© .orig µµ£¬¾ÍÊÇÀûÓÃ GNU µÄ xargs:

     find .  -name '*.orig' | xargs rm

    »òÊÇ¸ü°²È«µ«ÓÐÐ©ÂÞàÂµÄ·½·¨:

     find . -name '*.orig' -print0 | xargs --null rm --

   5.4. ÆäËüµÄÐÞ²¹µµ

    ÓÐÒ»Ð©²¢²»ÊÇÓÉ Linus ·¢ÐÐµÄÆäËüÐÞ²¹µµ³öÏÖ(ÎÒ½«³ÆÖ®Îª``·Ç±ê×¼µÄ'')£®
    Èç¹ûÄãÊ¹ÓÃÁËËüÃÇ£¬Linus µÄÐÞ²¹µµ¿ÉÄÜ»á¶øÎÞ·¨ÕýÈ·µØÖ´ÐÐ£¬
    ÄÇ÷áÄã²»ÊÇµÃ½«ËüÃÇ»¹Ô¾ÍÊÇµÃÒò´Ë¶øÈ¥ÐÞ¸ÄÔ-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½Âë»òÊÇÐÞ²¹µµ£®Õâ¸ö¹¤×÷¶Ô³õÑ§ÕßÍ¨³£ÊÇºÜÌÖÑá£¬
    ËùÒÔÈç¹ûÄã²»ÏëÈ¥ÐÞ¸ÄÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë(½á¹ûÍ¨³£²»´óºÃ)£¬ÔÚÊ¹ÓÃ Linus
    µÄÐÞ²¹µµÖ®Ç°ÏÈ»¹ÔÕâÐ©·Ç±ê×¼µÄÐÞ²¹µµ£¬»òÖØÐÂ°²×°ÐÂµÄ³ÌÊ½Âë£®
    È»ááÊÔÊÔÕâ·Ç±ê×¼µÄÐÞ²¹µµÄÜ²»ÄÜÓÃ£®Èç¹û²»ÄÜµÄ»°£¬ÄÇ÷áÒª²»Äã¾Í¼ÌÐøÊ¹ÓÃ¾É
    µÄºËÐÄ£¬
    ÊÔÖøÐÞ¸ÄÐÞ²¹µµÊ¹ÆäÄÜÓÃ£¬Òª²»¾ÍµÈ´ý(¿ÉÄÜÊÇÆòÇó)ÐÂ°æ·Ç±ê×¼ÐÞ²¹µµ³öÏÖ£®

    ·Ç±ê×¼µÄÐÞ²¹µµÓÐ¶àÆÕ±é? ÄãÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÔø¾Ìý¹ýËüÃÇ£®ÎÒÊ¹ÓÃ Bill Paul
    µÄ²»ÉÁË¸ÐÞ²¹µµÀ´ÐÞ¸ÄÎÒµÄÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨£¬ÒòÎªÎÒÌÖÑá»áÉÁË¸µÄÓÎ±ê(Õâ¸öÐÞ²¹µµ¾
    ³£ÎªÐÂ°æºËÐÄ¶ø¸üÐÂ)£® ÓÉì¶´ó²¿·Ý½ÏÐÂµÄÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½¶¼ÒÑ¾-
    ±»·¢Õ¹³É¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×éÐÎÊ½£¬Òò´ËÐí¶à·Ç±ê×¼µÄÐÞ²¹µµµÄÖØÒªÐÔÒÑÖð½¥½µµÍ£®
      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ
    Previous: ±àÒëºËÐÄ
    Next: ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ
    Previous: ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ
    Next: Ò»Ð©ÏÝÚå
      _________________________________________________________________

6. ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ

    ÄãµÄ Linux ºËÐÄÓÐÐí¶àÔÚÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë±¾ÉíÀïÃæ²¢Ã»ÓÐËµÃ÷µÄÌØÐÔ£»
    ÕâÐ©ÌØÐÔÒ»°ãÊÇ¾ÓÉÍâÀ´µÄÈíÌåÀ´ÀûÓÃ£¬ÔÚÕâÀïÁÐ³öÒ»²¿·Ö×îÆÕ±éµÄ£º

   6.1. kbd

    Linux
    µÄ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ÓÐÖø±ÈÄãËùÄÜ³Ô¾ª¸ü¶àµÄÌØÉ«£®Õâ°üÀ¨ÇÐ»»×ÖÐÍ£¬ÖØÐÂ¶ÔÓ³ÄãµÄ¼üÅÌ£¬
    ÇÐ»»ÏÔÊ¾Ä£Ê½(½ÏÐÂ°æµÄºËÐÄ)µÄÄÜÁ¦µÈµÈ£® kbd
    ÕâÌ×ÈíÌåÀïÓÐÄÜ¹»ÈÃÊ¹ÓÃÕß×öÕâÐ©¶¯×÷µÄÖ§Ô®³ÌÊ½£¬»¹¼ÓÉÏÒ»´ó¶ÑµÄ×ÖÐÍÒÔ¼°¼¸
    ºõ×ãÒÔÊÊÓÃÈÎºÎ¼üÅÌµÄÒ»Ð©¼üÅÌ¶ÔÓ³±í£® Ëü¿ÉÔÚ·ÅÖÃºËÐÄÔ-
    Ê¼ÂëµÄÍ¬Ò»Õ¾Ì¨ÕÒµ½£®

   6.2. util-linux

    Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu) ÊÕ¼¯ÁËÒ»´ó¶Ñ Linux µÄ¹¤¾ß£¬½Ð×ö
    util-linux£® ÏÖÔÚÊÇÓÉ Nicolai Langfeldt (util-linux@math.uio.no)
    ËùÎ¬»¤£® ¿É´Ó sunsite.unc.edu µÄ /pub/Linux/system/misc È¡µÃ£®
    Ëü°üÀ¨ÁËÏñ setterm£¬rdev ÒÔ¼° ctrlaltdel ÓëºËÐÄÓÐ¹ØµÄ¹¤¾ß£® ¾ÍÏñ Rik
    ËùËµµÄ£¬²»ÒªÏë¶¼²»Ïë¾Í°ÑËü×°ÉÏÈ¥!
    Äã²»ÐèÒª°²×°´ËÌ×¼þÖÐµÄÃ¿Ò»¸ö¶«Î÷£¬¶øÇÒÈç¹ûÄãÕâÑù×öµÄ»°¿ÉÄÜ»áÒýÆðÑÏÖØµÄ
    ÎÊÌâ£®

   6.3. hdparm

    ÏñºÜ¶àÈíÌåÒ»Ñù£¬ÕâÔø¾ÊÇÒ»¸öºËÐÄÐÞ²¹µµ¼°ÆäÖ§Ô®³ÌÊ½£®
    ÕâÐ©ÐÞ²¹µµ±»·ÅÈëÉÌÒµºËÐÄÖÐ£¬¶øÓÃÀ´×î¼Ñ»¯ÒÔ¼°µ÷ÊÊÄãÓ²µúµÄÖ§Ô®³ÌÊ½Ò»°ãÊÇ
    ·Ö¿ª·¢ÐÐµÄ£®

   6.4. gpm

    gpm ÊÇ general purpose mouse µÄ¼òÐ´£®
    Õâ¸ö³ÌÊ½¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄãÊ¹ÓÃ²»Í¬ÖÖÀàµÄ»¬ÊóÔÚÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨Ö®¼ä¼ôÌù£¬ÒÔ¼°×öÒ»Ð©ÆäËü
    µÄÊÂÇé£®
      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ
    Previous: ÐÞ²¹ºËÐÄ
    Next: Ò»Ð©ÏÝÚå Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Ò»Ð©ÏÝÚå
    Previous: ¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ
    Next: Éý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x µÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî
      _________________________________________________________________

7. Ò»Ð©ÏÝÚå

   7.1. make clean

    Èç¹ûÄãµÄÐÂºËÐÄ»á×öÒ»Ð©ÕæµÄºÜÆæ¹ÖµÄÊÂ£¬ÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòÎªÔÚ±àÒëºËÐÄÇ°ÄãÍüÁË×ö
    Çå³ý make clean£®
    Ö¢×´´ÓÄãµÄºËÐÄ²»Õý³£µØ±ÀÀ£µ½Ææ¹ÖµÄÊä³öÈëÎÊÌâ£¬Ò»Ö±µ½¿ÉÁ¯µÄÖ´ÐÐÐ§ÂÊµÈµÈ
    ²»Ò»¶ø×ã£¬¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈÎºÎÊÂ£® ×îºÃÒ²ÒªÈ·¶¨ÄãÓÐ×ö make dep£®

   7.2. ¾Þ´ó»ò»ºÂýµÄºËÐÄ

    Èç¹ûÄãµÄºËÐÄÕ¼ÓÃÁË´óÁ¿µÄ¼ÇÒäÌå£¬»òÕßËüÕæµÄÊÇºÜ´óºÜ´ó£¬Ò²»òÕßÊÇ¼´Ê¹ÓÃÄã
    È«ÐÂµÄ 786DX6/440 À´±àÒëÈ´¶¼»¹ÏñÊÇÓÀÔ¶±àÒë²»ÍêµÄ»°£¬
    ÄÇ÷áÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòÎªÄãÅäÖÃÁËÌ«¶à²»±ØÒªµÄ¶«Î÷(Éè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½£¬µµ°¸ÏµÍ³µÈµÈ)£®
    Èç¹ûÄã²»»áÓÃµ½Ä³Ð©¶«Î÷£¬ÄÇ¾Í²»ÒªÅäÖÃËü£¬ÒòÎªËüÕæµÄ»áÕ¼ÓÃ¼ÇÒäÌå£®
    ºËÐÄ¹ýì¶Ó·Ö××îÃ÷ÏÔµÄÖ¢×´¾ÍÊÇ·¢Éú¼ÇÒäÌåÓë´ÅµúÖ®¼äÒì³£´óÁ¿µÄ×ÊÁÏ½»»»£®
    Èç¹ûÄã²»ÊÇÓÃÄÇÖÖÉùÒôÌýÆðÀ´ºÃÏñÊÇÅçÉä»ú½µÂäµÄ¾ÉÐÍ Fujitsu Eagles
    Ó²µú£¬¼ì²éÒ»ÏÂÄãµÄºËÐÄÅäÖÃ£®

    Äã¿ÉÒÔÕÒ³öÄã»úÆ÷ÉÏÈ«²¿¼ÇÒäÌåµÄÊýÁ¿£¬È»áá¼õµô /proc/meminfo ÀïÃæµÄ
    ``total mem'' »ò `free'
    Ö¸ÁîËùµÃµÄ¼ÇÒäÌåÊýÁ¿À´µÃÖªºËÐÄÊ¹ÓÃÁË¶àÉÙ¼ÇÒäÌå£® ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ `dmesg'
    (»òÕßÒ²¿ÉÒÔ²é¿´ºËÐÄµÄ¼ÇÂ¼µµ£¬ËüÒ»¶¨ÔÚ»áÄãµÄÏµÍ³Àï)£®¿´ÆðÀ´¾ÍÏñÕâÒ»ÐÐ£º

    Memory: 15124k/16384k available (552k kernel code, 384k reserved, 324k
    data)

    ÎÒµÄ 386 (ÅäÖÃºÜÉÙÀ¬»ø)ÏÔÊ¾ÈçÏÂ£º

    Memory: 7000k/8192k available (496k kernel code, 384k reserved, 312k
    data)

    Èç¹ûÄã`±ØÐë'µÃµ½Ò»´óÐÍºËÐÄµ«ÏµÍ³È´²»ÈÃÄã×ö£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÊÔÊÔ `make
    bzimage'£® Äã¿ÉÄÜ±ØÐë°²×°ÐÂ°æµÄ LILO À´×öÕâ¼þÊÂ£®

   7.3. ºËÐÄÎÞ·¨±àÒë

    Èç¹ûËüÃ»ÓÐ±»±àÒë£¬ÄÇ÷á¿ÉÄÜÊÇÓÐ¸öÐÞ²¹µµÊ§°ÜÁË£¬»òÕßÊÇÄã´ÓÄ³¸öµØ·½ÄÃµ½µÄ
    ÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÓÐÎÊÌâ£® Ò²ÓÐ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòÎªÄãµÄ gcc
    °æ±¾²»ÕýÈ·»ò»µµôÁË(ÀýÈçº¬ÈëµµÓÐ´íÎó)£® È·¶¨ Linus ÔÚ README
    ÀïËùÃèÊöµÄ·ûºÅÁ´½á¶¼ÓÐÕýÈ·½¨Á¢£®
    Ò»°ãËµÀ´£¬Èç¹ûºËÐÄÃ»ÄÜ±àÒë£¬Õâ±íÊ¾ÔÚÄ³Ð©µØ·½ÓÐÑÏÖØµÄ´íÎó£¬ÖØÐÂ°²×°Ä³Ð©
    ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÄÜÊÇ±ØÐëµÄ£®

    »òÕß¿ÉÄÜÄãÓÃ ELF ±àÒëÆ÷ (gcc 2.6.3 »òÒÔááµÄ) À´±àÒë 1.2.x µÄºËÐÄ£®
    Èç¹û±àÒë¹ý³ÌÖÐÄãµÃµ½Ò»´ó¶ÑµÄ xxxx undefined µÄÑ¶Ï¢£¬Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÄãµÄÎÊÌâ£®
    ÐÞÕýµÄ·½·¨´ó²¿·Ý¶¼ºÜ¼òµ¥£®½«Õâ¼¸ÐÐ¼Óµ½ arch/i386/Makefile µÄ¶¥¶Ë:
    arch/i386/Makefile:

AS=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/as

LD=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/ld -m i386linux

CC=gcc -b i486-linuxaout -D__KERNEL__ -I$(TOPDIR)/include

    È»ááÖØÐÂÖ´ÐÐ make dep Óë zImage£®

    ÔÚÉÙÊýÇé¿öÏÂ£¬gcc ¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÉì¶Ó²ÌåÎÊÌâ¶øµ±µô£®´íÎóÑ¶Ï¢»áÏñ ``xxx exited
    with signal 15'' Ö®ÀàµÄ£¬¶øÇÒ»á¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜÆæ¹Ö£®
    ÎÒ±¾À´²»ÏëÌáÕâµãµÄ£¬²»¹ýÔÚÎÒÉíÉÏÒ²·¢Éú¹ýÒ»´Î - ÎÒÓÐÒ»Ð©»µµÄ cache
    ¼ÇÒäÌå£¬±àÒëÆ÷Ê±³£»áËæ»úµØµ±µô£® Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ´ËÎÊÌâµÄ»°ÏÈÊÔÖøÖØÐÂ°²×°
    gcc£®Èç¹ûÄã½«Íâ²¿ cache ¹Øµô£¬¼õÉÙÒ»Ð© RAM
    Ö®ááºËÐÄ¾Í±àÒë³É¹¦ÁË£¬Äã´ó¸ÅÖ»»á¾õµÃ¿ÉÒÉ£®

    ¸æËßÈËÃÇËûµÄÓ²ÌåÓÐÎÊÌâ³£»áÊ¹ÈËÀ§ÈÅ£®²»¹ý£¬Õâ²»ÊÇÎÒ·¢Ã÷µÄ£® ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö
    FAQ -- ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ http://www.bitwizard.nl/sig11/ ÕÒµ½£®

   7.4. ÐÂ°æµÄºËÐÄËÆºõ²»ÄÜÆô¶¯

    ÄãÃ»ÓÐÖ´ÐÐ LILO £¬»òÊÇÃ»ÓÐÕýÈ·µÄÅäÖÃËü£®ÓÐÒ»´ÎÎÒÔø¾-
    Åöµ½µÄÎÊÌâÊÇ³öÔÚÅäÖÃµµÀï£¬ ÎÒÓÃÁË `boot = /dev/hda1' ¶ø²»ÊÇ `boot =
    /dev/hda'
    (ÕâÔÚ¸Õ¿ªÊ¼Ê±ÕæµÄÊÇºÜÌÖÑá£¬µ«ÊÇÒ»µ©ÄãÓÐÁËÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÓÃµÄÅäÖÃµµ£¬Ó¦¸Ã²»ÐèÒ
    ªÈ¥ÔÙÈ¥¸Ä±äËü)£®

   7.5. ÄãÍüÁËÖ´ÐÐ LILO£¬»òÏµÍ³¸ù±¾²»ÄÜÆô¶¯

    àÞ£¡ÏÖÔÚ×îºÃµÄ°ì·¨ÊÇÓÃ´ÅÆ¬Æô¶¯£¬²¢ÇÒ×¼±¸ÁíÒ»ÕÅ¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯µÄ´ÅÆ¬(ÏñÊÇ`make
    zdisk'Ê±×öµÄ´ÅÆ¬)£®
    ÄãµÃÖªµÀÄãµÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼(/)ËùÔÚµÄ·Ö¸îÇøÒÔ¼°ËüµÄ¸ñÊ½(second extended, minix
    µÈµÈ)£® ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖÐ£¬ÄãÒ²µÃÖªµÀÄãµÄ /usr/src/linux Ô-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÔÚÄÇ¸ö·Ö¸îÇø£¬ËüµÄ¸ñÊ½£¬ÒÔ¼°ËüÒ»°ã»á¹ÒÔÚÄÇ¶ù£®

    ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐ£¬ ¸ùÄ¿Â¼ / ÊÇ /dev/hda1£¬¶ø³ÖÓÐ /usr/src/linux µÄ·Ö¸îÇøÊÇ
    /dev/hda3£¬Ò»°ã»á¹ÒÔÚ /usr ÏÂ£® ËüÃÇ¶¼ÊÇ second extended
    µµ°¸ÏµÍ³£®¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷µÄºËÐÄÓ³Ïñ½Ð×ö zImage £¬·ÅÔÚ
    /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot µ×ÏÂ£®

    Õâ¸öÖ÷ÒâÊÇÕâÑùµÄ£¬¼ÙÈôÓÐÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷µÄºËÐÄÓ³Ïñ½Ð×ö
    zImage£¬¿ÉÄÜ¿ÉÒÔ°ÑËüÓÃÔÚÐÂµÄ´ÅÆ¬ÉÏ£®
    ÁíÍâÒ»¸ö²»Ò»¶¨»á¸üºÃµÄ±äÍ¨°ì·¨(Õâ¸úÄãµÄÏµÍ³Ôõ÷á×é³ÉµÄÓÐ¹Ø)ÔÚËµÃ÷Õâ¸öÀý
    ×ÓÖ®áá»áÌÖÂÛµ½£®

    Ê×ÏÈ£¬´Ó boot/root
    ´ÅÆ¬»òÕßÊÇ¼±¾È´ÅÆ¬¿ª»ú£¬È»áá½«³ÖÓÐ¿ÉÔË×÷ºËÐÄµÄ·Ö¸îÇø¹ÒÉÏÀ´£º


     mkdir /mnt

     mount -t ext2 /dev/hda3 /mnt

    Èç¹û mkdir Ö¸ÁîÏÔÊ¾¸ÃÄ¿Â¼ÒÑ¾´æÔÚ£¬ºöÂÔµô²»±ØÀí»áËü£® ÏÖÔÚ£¬cd
    µ½³ÖÓÐ¿ÉÔË×÷ºËÐÄµÄµØ·½£®×¢Òâ:

/mnt + /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot - /usr = /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot

    °ÑÒ»ÕÅ¸ñÊ½»¯¹ýµÄ´ÅÆ¬·Å½ø ``A:'' ´Åµú»ú(È·¶¨²»ÊÇÄãµÄ boot/root ´ÅÆ¬!)£¬
    °ÑÓ³ÏñµµÇãµ¹µ½´ÅÆ¬ÀïÈ¥£¬È»ááÅäÖÃÄãµÄ¸ùÄ¿Â¼·Ö¸îÇø:


     cd /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot

     dd if=zImage of=/dev/fd0

     rdev /dev/fd0 /dev/hda1

    cd µ½¸ùÄ¿Â¼ / ²¢ÇÒÐ¶ÏÂ±ê×¼ /usr ·Ö¸îÇø:


     cd /

     umount /mnt

    ÄãÏÖÔÚÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÕâÕÅ´ÅÆ¬Õý³£µÄ¿ª»úÁË£®ÔÚÕâ´Î¿ª»úáá²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÖ´ÐÐ lilo
    (»òÊÇÆäËüÄãÔø¾×ö´íµÄÊ²÷áÊÂ)!

    ÈçÍ¬Ç°ÃæÔø¾Ìá¹ýµÄ£¬»¹ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖºÜÆÕ±éµÄ±äÍ¨·½Ê½£®
    Èç¹ûÇé¿öÊÇÄãÓÐÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷µÄºËÐÄÔÚ·ÅÔÚ / (ÀýÈç
    /vmlinuz)£¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÊ¹ÓÃËü£®
    ¼Ù¶¨ËùÓÐµÄÌõ¼þ¶¼¸úÉÏÃæµÄÀý×ÓÒ»Ñù£¬¶øÎÒµÄºËÐÄÓ³ÏñÊÇ
    /vmlinuz£¬Ö»Òª¶ÔÉÏÃæµÄÀý×Ó×öÕâÐ©¸Ä±ä: °Ñ /dev/hda3 ¸Ä³É /dev/hda1 (/
    ·Ö¸îÇø)£¬ °Ñ /mnt/src/linux ¸Ä³É /mnt£¬²¢ÇÒ°Ñ if=zImage ¸Ä³É
    if=vmlinuz£® ÖÁì¶Ç°ÃæÓÐ¹Ø×¢ÒâÈçºÎÍÆµ¼³ö /mnt/src/linux/arch/i386/boot
    µÄÄÇ¸ö²¿·Ö¿ÉÒÔºöÂÔ£®

    ½« LILO Ê¹ÓÃÔÚ´óµÄÓ²µúÉÏ(³¬¹ý 1024 ´ÅÖù)¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÎÊÌâ£® Çë²Î¼û LILO
    mini-HOWTO »òÆäËüÎÄ¼þµÄËµÃ÷£®

   7.6. ÏµÍ³±íÊ¾ `warning: bdflush not running'

    Õâ¿ÉÒÔËãÊÇÒ»¸öÏàµ±ÑÏÖØµÄÎÊÌâ£®´Ó 1.0 °æÒÔááµÄºËÐÄ¿ªÊ¼(´ó¸ÅÊÇÔÚ 1994
    ÄêËÄÔÂ¶þÊ®ÈÕ×óÓÒ)£¬ ÓÐ¸ö»áÖÜÆÚÐÔµØ¸üÐÂµµ°¸ÏµÍ³»º³åÇøµÄ³ÌÊ½½Ð×ö
    `update' ±»Éý¼¶»òÈ¡´úµôÁË£® È¡µÃ `bdflush' µÄÔ-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½Âë(ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÄãÈ¡µÃºËÐÄµÄµØ·½ÕÒµ½)£¬
    È»áá±àÒëËü(Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏ£ÍûÔÚ¾É°æµÄºËÐÄÏÂÖ´ÐÐ±àÒë¼°°²×°)£® Ëü»áÒÔ `update'
    ÎªÃû°²×°Ëü×Ô¼º²¢ÇÒÔÚÖØ¿ª»úÒÔáá£¬ÐÂºËÐÄÓ¦¸Ã»áÔË×÷Á¼ºÃ£®

   7.7. ÏµÍ³Ëµ undefined symbols ¶øÇÒÎÞ·¨±àÒë

    Äã¿ÉÄÜÓÐÒ» ELF ±àÒëÆ÷(gcc 2.6.3 »òÒÔááµÄ)¶øÇÒÊÇ 1.2.x (»ò¸üÔçµÄ)ºËÐÄÔ-
    Ê¼Âë£® Ò»°ãÐÞÕýµÄ·½·¨ÊÇ½«Õâ¼¸ÐÐ¼Óµ½ arch/i386/Makefile µÄ¶¥¶Ë:


AS=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/as

LD=/usr/i486-linuxaout/bin/ld -m i386linux

CC=gcc -b i486-linuxaout -D__KERNEL__ -I$(TOPDIR)/include

    Õâ»áÒÔ a.out ³ÌÊ½¿âÀ´±àÒë 1.2.x ºËÐÄ£®

   7.8. ÎÞ·¨ÈÃÎÒµÄ IDE/ATAPI CD-ROM Õý³£¹¤×÷

    ºÜÆæ¹Ö£¬Ò»´ó¶ÑÈËÎÞ·¨ÈÃËûÃÇµÄ ATAPI
    ¹âµú»ú¹¤×÷£¬¿ÉÄÜÊÇÒòÎªÓÐÌ«¶àÊÂÈÝÒ×³ö´í£®

    ÄãµÄ¹âµú»úÊÇÔÚÒ»ÌØ±ð IDE ½çÃæÉÏµÄÎ¨Ò»Éè±¸£¬Ëü±ØÐë±»µ÷ÕûÎª ``master''
    »ò ``single''£® Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇ×î³£¼ûµÄ´íÎó£®

    Creative Labs ÏÖÔÚ½« IDE ½çÃæ·Åµ½ËûÃÇÒôÐ§¿¨Àï£®
    È»¶ø£¬Õâ½«µ¼ÖÂÒ»¸öÓÐÈ¤µÄÎÊÌâ£¬ËäÈ»ÓÐÐ©ÈËÖ»ÓÐÒ»¸ö IDE
    ½çÃæ£¬Ðí¶àÈËÔÚÖ÷»ú°åÉÏÓÐÁ½¸öÄÚ½¨µÄ IDE ½çÃæ(Í¨³£ÔÚ IRQ15)£¬
    Òò´ËÒ»½â¾öµÄ°ì·¨ÊÇ½«Éù°Ô¿¨µÄ½çÃæµ÷³ÉµÚÈý¸ö IDE (ÓÐÈË¸æËßÎÒÊÇ IRQ11)£®

    ÕâÔÚ 1.2.x µÄ Linux ºËÐÄÉÏ»áÓÐÎÊÌâ£¬ÒòÎªËü²»Ö§Ô®µÚÈý¸ö IDE ½çÃæ(´Ó
    1.3.x ÏµÁÐÒÑ¿ªÊ¼Ö§Ô®£¬µ«Ëü»¹ÔÚ·¢Õ¹ÖÐ£¬¶øÇÒ²»»á×Ô¶¯Õì²â)£®
    Òª½â¾ö´ËÎÊÌâ£¬ÄãÓÐÒ»Ð©Ñ¡Ôñ£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÒÑ¾ÓÐµÚ¶þ¸ö IDE
    ²º£¬Èç¹ûÄãÃ»ÓÃËü»òÃ»ÓÐÁ½²¿Éè±¸ÔÚÉÏÃæµÄ»°¾ÍÓÐ»ú»á£® ½« ATAPI
    ¹âµú»ú´ÓÒôÐ§¿¨ÉÏÄÃÏÂÀ´²¢·Åµ½µÚ¶þ¸ö½çÃæÉÏ£®È»ááÄã¿ÉÒÔ¹ØµôÒôÐ§¿¨ÉÏµÄ½çÃæ
    £¬Õâ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÊ¡ÏÂÒ»¸ö IRQ£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÃ»ÓÐµÚ¶þ¸ö IDE
    ½çÃæ£¬µ÷ÕûÒôÐ§¿¨µÄ½çÃæ(²»ÊÇÒôÐ§¿¨µÄÒôÐ§²¿·Ý)µ½µÚ¶þ½çÃæÓÃµÄ
    IRQ15£¬ÕâÑùÓ¦¸Ã»á¶¯£®

    Èç¹ûÒòÎªÄ³Ð©ÀíÓÉ·ÇµÃÊ¹ÓÃ``µÚÈý¸ö''½çÃæ²»¿É£¬»òÊÇÓÐÆäËüÎÊÌâ£¬ È¡µÃ
    1.3.x µÄºËÐÄ(ÀýÈç 1.3.57 ¾ÍÓÐ)£¬ÔÄ¶Á drivers/block/README.ide µµ°¸£®
    ÄÇÀïÓÐ¸ü¶àµÄ×ÊÑ¶ËµÃ÷£®

   7.9. ÏµÍ³ÏÔÊ¾¹Øì¶ obsolete routing requests µÄÆæ¹ÖÑ¶Ï¢

    È¡µÃÐÂ°æµÄ route ³ÌÊ½¼°ÆäËüÓë route ÓÐ¹ØµÄ³ÌÊ½£®
    /usr/include/linux/route.h (ÕâÊÇ /usr/src/linux ÏÂµÄÒ»¸öµµ°¸)ÒÑ¾-
    ×öÁËÐÞ¸Ä£®

   7.10. ·À»ðÇ½¹¦ÄÜÎÞ·¨ÔÚ 1.2.0 ÉÏ¹¤×÷

    ÖÁÉÙÉý¼¶µ½ 1.2.1 °æ£®

   7.11. ``Not a compressed kernel Image file'' (·ÇÑ¹ËõºËÐÄÓ³Ïñµµ)

    ²»ÒªÓÃÔÚ /usr/src/linux ²úÉúµÄ vmlinux ×öÎªÄãµÄÆô¶¯ºËÐÄÓ³Ïñ;
    [..]/arch/i386/boot/zImage ²ÅÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ£®

   7.12. Éý¼¶ÖÁ 1.3.x ááÔÚ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ÖÕ¶Ë»úÉÏµÄÎÊÌâ

    ½«¿ØÖÆÌ¨Éè¶¨µµ /etc/termcap ÖÐµÄ dumb ¸ÄÎª linux£®
    Äã¿ÉÄÜ»á±ØÐëÔö¼ÓÒ»Ïî terminfo£®

   7.13. ºËÐÄÉý¼¶ááËÆºõÎÞ·¨±àÒë¶«Î÷

    Linux µÄºËÐÄÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½Âë°üº¬ÁËÐí¶àµÄº¬Èëµµ(¾ÍÊÇÓÃ .h
    ½áÎ²µÄµµ°¸)±ØÐëÎª±ê×¼µÄ /usr/include Ëù²Î¿¼£®
    ËüÃÇÍ¨³£ÓÃÕâÖÖ·½·¨±»²Î¿¼(ÆäÖÐ xyzzy.h ÊÇÔÚ /usr/include/linux ÏÂ):

     #include <linux/xyzzy.h>

    Õý³£Çé¿öÏÂ£¬ÔÚ /usr/include ÏÂ»áÓÐÒ»½Ð×ö linux µÄÁ¬½áµ½ÄãµÄºËÐÄÔÊ¼ÂëµÄ
    include/linux Ä¿Â¼(Ò»°ãÏµÍ³ÔÚ /usr/src/linux/include/linux)£®
    Èç¹ûÕâ¸öÁ¬½áÃ»ÓÐÁË£¬»òÖ¸µ½´íÎóµÄµØ·½£¬´ó²¿·ÝµÄ¶«Î÷¶¼½«ÎÞ·¨±àÒë£®
    Èç¹ûÄã¾õµÃºËÐÄÔÊ¼ÂëÕ¼ÁËÌ«¶àµÄ¿Õ¼ä¶ø¿³µôËü£¬ÕâÏÔÈ»»áÒý·¢ÎÊÌâ£®
    ÁíÒ»¸ö¿ÉÄÜµÄ´íÎóÊÇËüµÄµµ°¸È¨ÏÞ; Èç¹ûÄãµÄ root
    Ô¤Éè²»ÈÃÆäËüÊ¹ÓÃÕß¿´µ½ËûµÄµµ°¸£¬ ¶øÇÒÄã½â¿ªºËÐÄÔÊ¼ÂëÊ±Ã»ÓÐ¼ÓÉÏ p
    (±£Áôµµ°¸Ä£Ê½)Ñ¡Ïî£¬ÆäËüÊ¹ÓÃÕßÒ²»áÎÞ·¨Ê¹ÓÃ C ±àÒëÆ÷£® ËäÈ»Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃ
    chmod Ö¸ÁîÀ´ÐÞÕý£¬²»¹ý¸üÈÝÒ×µÄ·½·¨ÊÇÖØÐÂ½â¿ªº¬Èëµµ£®
    Äã¿ÉÒÔÒ»¿ªÊ¼Äã½â¿ªÕû¸öÔÊ¼ÂëµÄÍ¬Ñù·½·¨£¬²»¹ý¶à¼ÓÁËÒ»¸ö²ÎÊý:

     blah# tar zxvpf linux.x.y.z.tar.gz linux/include

    Çë×¢Òâ: Èç¹û /usr/src/linux Á¬½á²»ÔÚµÄ»° ``make config'' »áÖØ½¨Ö®£®

   7.14. Ôö¼ÓÉÏÏÞ

    ÏÂÃæÒ»Ð©¡õÀýÖ¸Áî¸æËßÄãÈçºÎÔö¼ÓºËÐÄÌá¹©µÄÉÏÏÞ:

echo 4096 > /proc/sys/kernel/file-max

echo 12288 > /proc/sys/kernel/inode-max

echo 300 400 500 > /proc/sys/vm/freepages
      _________________________________________________________________

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    Next: Éý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x µÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Éý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x
    µÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî
    Previous: Ò»Ð©ÏÝÚå
    Next: ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é
      _________________________________________________________________

8. Éý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x µÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî

    ºËÐÄ 2.0.x °æÔÚ°²×°ÉÏÒýÈëÁËÐí¶àµÄ¸Ä±ä£® ÔÚÔÊ¼³ÌÊ½ÂëÀïµÄ
    Documentation/Changes µµ°¸°üº¬ÁËÉý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x °æËùÓ¦ÖªµÀµÄ×ÊÑ¶£®
    Äã¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÐèÒªÉý¼¶Ò»Ð©¹Ø¼üµÄÌ×¼þ£¬ÀýÈç gcc£¬libc Óë
    SysVInit£¬²¢¸Ä±äÒ»Ð©ÏµÍ³µµ°¸£®²»¹ý£¬Ò²±ð½ôÕÅ£®
      _________________________________________________________________

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    Previous: Éý¼¶ÖÁ 2.0.x µÄ×¢ÒâÊÂÏî
    Next: ÆäËüÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî
      _________________________________________________________________

9. ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é

    ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×éÄÜ¹»½ÚÊ¡¼ÇÒäÌå£¬¶øÇÒºÜÈÝÒ×Éè¶¨£® Ä£×éµÄ¡õÎ§ÒÑ¾-
    °üº¬ÁËµµ°¸ÏµÍ³£¬ÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¿¨Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½£¬´Å´ø»ú£¬Ó¡±í»úÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½£¬»¹ÓÐ¸ü¶à£®

   9.1. °²×°Ä£×é¹¤¾ß

    Ä£×é¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÄãÈ¡µÃºËÐÄµÄµØ·½ÕÒµ½£¬Èç modules-x.y.z.tar.gz;
    Ñ¡ÔñÓëÄãÄ¿Ç°ºËÐÄ°æ±¾ÏàµÈ»òÉÔµÍµÄ×î½Ó½üµÄ x.y.z£® ÓÃ `tar zxvf
    modules-x.y.z.tar.gz' ½â¿ª£® cd µ½Ëü²úÉúµÄÄ¿Â¼(modules-x.y.z)£¬¿´Ò»ÏÂ
    README£¬È»áá°´ÕÕ°²×°Ö¸Ê¾Ö´ÐÐ (Í¨³£ºÜ¼òµ¥£¬¾ÍÏñ make install Ö®ÀàµÄ)£®
    È»ááÄãÔÚ /sbin Ó¦¸Ã»áÓÐÕâÐ©³ÌÊ½ insmod, rmmod, ksyms, lsmod, genksyms,
    modprobe, ÒÔ¼° depmod£® Èç¹ûÄãÏëµÄ»°£¬¿ÉÒÔÓÃ insmod
    ÀïµÄ¡õÀýÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½``hw''À´²âÊÔÕâÐ©¹¤¾ß; ²Î¼û INSTALL µµÀïµÄÏ¸½ÚËµÃ÷£®

    insmod Ö¸Áî½«Ò»¸öÄ£×é²åÈëÔËÐÐÖÐµÄºËÐÄ£®Ä£×éÍ¨»áÒÔ .o Îª½áÎ²;
    ÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄ¡õÀý³ÌÊ½¾Í½Ð×ö drv_hello.o£¬Òò´ËÒª²åÈë´ËÄ£×é£¬¾ÍÓÃ `insmod
    drv_hello.o'£® ÒªÁË½âÄ¿Ç°ºËÐÄÕýÔÚÊ¹ÓÃµÄÄ£×é£¬ÓÃ lsmod
    Ö¸Áî£®Êä³ö¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÕâÑù:

     blah# lsmod

     Module:        #pages:  Used by:

     drv_hello          1

    `drv_hello' ÊÇÕâÄ£×éµÄÃû³Æ£¬ËüÓÃÁËÒ»Ò³ (4K)
    µÄ¼ÇÒäÌå£¬¶øÇÒÄ¿Ç°Ã»ÓÐÆäËüµÄºËÐÄÄ£×éÒÀÀµì¶Ëü£® ÒªÒÆ³ý´ËÄ£×é£¬ÓÃ `rmmod
    drv_hello'£®×¢Òâ rmmod ÐèÒªµÄÊÇÄ£×éÃû³Æ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇµµ°¸Ãû³Æ; ¾ÍÊÇÄã´Ó
    lsmod Ö¸ÁîÁÐ³öÀ´µÄ£®ÆäâÅ¹¤¾ßµÄ×÷ÓÃÔÚÏßÉÏÊÖ²áÖÐ¶¼ÓÐËµÃ÷£®

   9.2. ÓëºËÐÄ·¢ÐÐµÄÄ£×é

    ÔÚ 2.0.30 °æÖÐ£¬¼¸ºõËùÓÐµÄ¶«Î÷¶¼¿ÉÒÔ±ä³É¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é£®
    ÒªÊ¹ÓÃ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é£¬Ê×ÏÈÈ·¶¨ÄãÃ»ÓÐ½«ÆäÅäÖÃµ½Õý³£µÄºËÐÄÀï£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇËµ£¬ÔÚ
    `make config' Ê±²»ÊÇ»Ø´ð y£® ±àÒëÐÂºËÐÄ²¢ÓÃËüÀ´¿ª»ú£®È»áá£¬ÔÙ´Î cd µ½
    /usr/src/linux£¬È»ááÖ´ÐÐ `make modules'£®
    Õâ½«±àÒëËùÓÐÄãÎ´Ö¸¶¨ÔÚºËÐÄÅäÖÃÀïµÄÄ£×é£¬²¢½«ÆäÁ¬½áµ½
    /usr/src/linux/modules£® Äã¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÓÉ´ËÄ¿Â¼Ê¹ÓÃ£¬»òÊÇÖ´ÐÐ `make
    modules_install' ½«Æä°²×°µ½ /lib/modules/x.y.z£¬ÆäÖÐ x.y.z
    ÊÇºËÐÄ°æ±¾£®

    Õâ¶Ô´¦Àíµµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÉÏÌØ±ð±ãÀû£®Äã¿ÉÄÜ²¢²»¾³£Ê¹ÓÃ minix »ò MS-DOS
    µÄµµ°¸ÏµÍ³£® ÀýÈç£¬Èç¹ûÎÒÓöµ½Ò» MS-DOS µÄÈíµúÆ¬£¬ÎÒ»áÓÃ insmod
    /usr/src/linux/modules/msdos.o£¬²¢ÔÚÊ¹ÓÃÍê³ÉááÓÃ rmmod msdos
    Ö¸Áî½«ÆäÈ¥µô£® ´Ë¹ý³Ì´óÔ¼¿ÉÒÔ½ÚÊ¡ºËÐÄ 50K ×óÓÒµÄ¼ÇÒäÌå£®¶Ôì¶ minix
    µµ°¸ÏµÍ³ÓÐÒ»µãÒª×¢ÒâµÄ¾ÍÊÇ£¬
    ÎªÁËÒªÊ¹ÓÃ``¼±¾È´ÅÆ¬''£¬ÄãÓ¦¸Ã×ÜÊÇÖ±½Ó½«ËüÅäÖÃµ½ºËÐÄÖÐ£®
      _________________________________________________________________

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    Previous: Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
    Next: ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÆäËüÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî
    Previous: ¿ÉÔØÈëÄ£×é
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      _________________________________________________________________

10. ÆäËüÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî

    ±¾½Ú°üÀ¨ÁËÔÚÅäÖÃÒ»½ÚÖÐÎ´ÁÐ³öµÄºËÐÄÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî(ÔÚ make config Ê±)£®
    ´ó²¿·ÝµÄÉè±¸Çý¶¯³ÌÊ½²¢Î´ÁÐ³ö£®

   10.1. General setup (Ò»°ãÉè¶¨)

    Normal floppy disk support (Ò»°ãÈíµúÖ§Ô®) - ¾ÍÊÇÕâ¸ö£®
    Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏë¿´Ò»ÏÂ drivers/block/README.fd Õâ¸öµµ°¸; ¶Ô IBM Thinkpad
    µÄÊ¹ÓÃÕßÀ´ËµÌØ±ðÖØÒª£®

    XT harddisk support (XT Ó²µúÖ§Ô®) - Èç¹ûÄãÏëÓÃÀÏ¹Å¶µÄ°ËÎ»Ôª XT
    ¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÄ»°£®

    PCI bios support (PCI bios µÄÖ§Ô®) - Èç¹ûÄãÓÐ
    PCI£¬Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÏë´ò¿ª´ËÑ¡Ïî£® µ«ÒªÐ¡ÐÄ£¬Ä³Ð©¾ÉµÄ PCI
    Ö÷»ú°åÔÚ´ËÑ¡ÏîÏÂ¿ÉÄÜ»áµ±µô£®¸ü¶à¹Øì¶ PCI »ãÁ÷ÅÅÔÚ Linux
    ÏÂÊ¹ÓÃµÄ×ÊÑ¶¿ÉÒÔÔÚ PCI-HOWTO ÀïÕÒµ½£®

    Kernel support for ELF binaries (ºËÐÄÖ§Ô® ELF Ö´ÐÐµµ) - ELF
    ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÂµÄ¶þ½øÎ»Ö´ÐÐµµ£® Linux
    ËÆºõÕý³¯´Ë·½ÏòÇ°½ø£¬ËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÄÜ»áÒªÕâ¸ö£®

    Set version information on all symbols for modules -
    ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥£¬ºËÐÄÄ£×éÓëÃ¿¸öÐÂºËÐÄÒ»Æð±»±àÒë£® Èç¹ûÄã»Ø´ð
    y£¬Ëü¿ÉÄÜÈÃÄãÊ¹ÓÃ²»Í¬ patchlevel ÏÂ±àÒëµÄÄ£×é£® ²Î¼û README.modules
    ÖÐµÄÏêÏ¸ËµÃ÷£®

   10.2. Networking options (ÍøÂ·Ñ¡Ïî)

    ÍøÂ·Ñ¡ÏîÔÚ NET-3-HOWTO (»òÊÇ NET-Ê²÷á-HOWTO)ÖÐÃèÊö£®
      _________________________________________________________________

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    Previous: ÆäËüÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî
    Next: ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs
      _________________________________________________________________

11. ¡õ¾÷ºÍ¼¼ÇÉ

   11.1. ÖØµ¼ make »òÊÇ patch Ö¸ÁîµÄÊä³ö

    Èç¹ûÄãÏëÒª¼ÇÂ¼ÕâÐ© `make' »òÊÇ `patch' Ö¸Áîµ½µ××öÁËÐ©Ê²÷á£¬
    Äã¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÓ©Ä»µÄÊä³öÖØµ¼µ½Ò»¸öµµ°¸È¥£®Ê×ÏÈ£¬ÒªÖªµÀÄãÓÃµÄÊÇÊÇÄÇÒ»ÖÖ
    shell£º `grep root /etc/passwd' È»ááÑ°ÕÒ¿´ÆðÀ´Ïñ `/bin/csh'
    Ò»ÀàµÄ¶«Î÷£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÊ¹ÓÃµÄÊÇ sh »òÊÇ bash£¬

     (command) 2>&1 | tee (output file)

    ½«»á°ÑÒ»·Ý (command) µÄÊä³ö·Åµ½ `(output file)' Õâ¸öµµ°¸È¥£®

    Èç¹ûÊÇ csh »ò tcsh£¬ÓÃ

     (command) |& tee (output file)

    Õâ¸öÓï·¨£®

    Èç¹ûÊÇ rc (×¢Òâ£ºÄãÓ¦¸Ã²»»áÊÇÓÃ rc)£¬Óï·¨ÊÇ

     (command) >[2=1] | tee (output file)

   11.2. Ìõ¼þÊ½µÄºËÐÄ°²×°

    ³ýÁËÊ¹ÓÃÈíµúÆ¬£¬»¹ÓÐÊýÖÖÔÚ²»¶¯¾ÉºËÐÄµÄÇé¿öÏÂ²âÊÔÐÂºËÐÄµÄ·½·¨£®
    ²»ÏñÆäËüµÄ Unix ÏµÍ³£¬LILO ¾ßÓÐ´ÓÈÎºÎµØ·½Æô¶¯ºËÐÄµÄÄÜÁ¦£®
    (²»¹ýÈç¹ûÄãÓÐ´óµÄÓ²µú£¬³¬¹ý 500 MB µÄ£¬Çë²Î¿¼ LILO
    µÄÎÄ¼þËµÃ÷½«¿ÉÄÜÒýÆðµÄÎÊÌâ£®) Òò´Ë£¬Èç¹ûÄãÔÚ LILO ÅäÖÃµµ°¸ÖÐÓÃÏñÕâÑùµÄ

     image = /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage

         label = new_kernel

    Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚ²»¶¯¾ÉºËÐÄ /vmlinuz
    µÄÇé¿öÏÂÑ¡ÔñÖ´ÐÐÐÂ±àÒëµÄºËÐÄ(µ±È»£¬ÔÚÖ´ÐÐÍê lilo áá)£® ½Ð LILO
    Æô¶¯ÐÂºËÐÄ×î¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨¾ÍÊÇÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±°´ÏÂ shift ¼ü(µ±ÄãÔÚÓ©Ä»Ö»¿´µ½ LILO
    Ê±)£¬ Õâ»á¸øÄãÒ»ÌáÊ¾·ûºÅ£®´ËÊ±Äã¿ÉÒÔ¼üÈë `new_kernel' À´Æô¶¯ÐÂºËÐÄ£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÏëÔÚÏµÍ³ÖÐÍ¬Ê±±£ÓÐÊýÖÖ²»Í¬µÄºËÐÄÔ-
    Ê¼³ÌÊ½Âë(Ð¡ÐÄ£¬Õâ»áÓÃµô´óÁ¿µÄÓ²µú¿Õ¼ä)£¬ ×îÆÕÍ¨µÄ·½·¨¾ÍÊÇ½«ÆäÃüÃûÎª
    /usr/src/linux-x.y.z£¬ÆäÖÐ x.y.z ÊÇºËÐÄ°æ±¾£®
    È»ááÄã¿ÉÒÔÓÃ·ûºÅÁ¬½áÀ´``Ñ¡Ôñ''Ò»·ÝÔÊ¼Âë; ÀýÈç£¬ÓÃ `ln -sf linux-1.2.2
    /usr/src/linux' »áÈÃ 1.2.2 ³ÉÎªÄ¿Ç°µÄºËÐÄÊ÷£®
    µ«ÔÚ½¨Á¢·ûºÅÁ¬½áÖ®Ç°£¬ÏÈÈ·¶¨ ln
    Ö¸Áî×îááÒ»¸ö²ÎÊý²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÕæÕýµÄÄ¿Â¼(¾ÉµÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½áÃ»ÓÐ¹ØÏµ);
    ·ñÔò½á¹û¿ÉÄÜ²»»áÊÇÄãËùÔ¤ÆÚµÄ£®

   11.3. ºËÐÄ¸üÐÂ

    Russell Nelson (nelson@crynwr.com) ×Ü½áÁËÐÂ°æºËÐÄµÄ¸Ä±ä£®
    ÕâÐ©ÊÇ¼ò¶ÌµÄ£¬¶øÇÒÄãÔÚÉý¼¶Ç°¿ÉÄÜÓ¦¸ÃÏÈ¿´Ò»ÏÂ£®¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÄäÃû FTP Õ¾
    ftp.emlist.com µÄ pub/kchanges£¬
      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ¡õ¾÷ºÍ¼¼ÇÉ
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    Next: ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ :
    ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs
    Previous: ¡õ¾÷ºÍ¼¼ÇÉ
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      _________________________________________________________________

12. ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs

      * Sound-HOWTO: ÒôÐ§¿¨Óë¹¤¾ß
      * SCSI-HOWTO: ËùÓÐ¹Øì¶ SCSI ¿ØÖÆ¿¨ÓëÉè±¸µÄ×ÊÑ¶
      * NET-2-HOWTO: ÍøÂ·
      * PPP-HOWTO: ÌØ±ð¹Øì¶ PPP ÍøÂ·µÄ
      * PCMCIA-HOWTO: ±Ê¼ÇÐÍµçÄÔµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÊ½
      * ELF-HOWTO: Ê²÷áÊÇ ELF£¬ÈçºÎ×ª»»µÈ¡-
      * Hardware-HOWTO: Ö§Ô®Ó²ÌåµÄ¸ÅÒª
      * Module-HOWTO: ¸ü¶àÓëºËÐÄÄ£×éÓÐ¹ØµÄ
      * Kerneld mini-HOWTO: ¹Øì¶ kerneld
      * BogoMips mini-HOWTO: Äã¿ÉÄÜ»áÓÐÐËÈ¤µÄ
      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs
    Previous: ¡õ¾÷ºÍ¼¼ÇÉ
    Next: ÔÓÏî Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÔÓÏî
    Previous: ÆäËü¿ÉÄÜÏà¹ØÓÐÓÃµÄ HOWTOs
    Next: Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
      _________________________________________________________________

13. ÔÓÏî

   13.1. ×÷Õß

    Linux Kernel-HOWTO µÄ×÷Õß¼°Î¬»¤ÈËÊÇ Brian Ward
    (bri@blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at)£®
    Çë½«ÈÎºÎÆÀÂÛ£¬²¹³äÓë¸üÕý¼Ä¸øÎÒ(¸üÕý¶ÔÎÒÀ´ËµÊÇÌØ±ðÖØÒªµÄ)£®

    Äã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÕâÐ© URL ÕÒµ½ÎÒµÄÍøÒ³:

      http://www.math.psu.edu/ward/
      http://blah.math.tu-graz.ac.at/~bri/

    ËäÈ»ÎÒ¾¡¿ÉÄÜµØÈ¥´¦Àíµç×ÓÓÊ¼þ£¬µ«Çë¼Ç×¡ÎÒÃ¿Ìì¶¼ÊÕµ½´óÁ¿µÄÐÅ¼þ£¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÄÜ
    Òª»¨Ò»µãÊ±¼ä²Å»á»Ø¸²Äã£®
    ÌØ±ðÊÇ¼ÄÐÅÀ´ÎÊÎÒÎÊÌâµÄ£¬Çë¾¡Á¿·Ç³£Çå³þÓëÏê¾¡µØÃèÊöÄãµÄÑ¶Ï¢£®
    Èç¹ûÄãËµµÄÊÇÄ³¸öÎÞ·¨ÔË×÷µÄÓ²Ìå(»òÀàËÆµÄ)£¬ÎÒÐèÒªÖªµÀÄãµÄÓ²ÌåÅäÖÃÊÇÊ²÷á
    £® Èç¹ûÄãÒª»Ø±¨´íÎó£¬²»ÒªÖ»ÊÇËµ``ÎÒÕâÑùÊÔµ«Ëü¸øÎÒ»á´íÎóÑ¶Ï¢'';
    ÎÒÐèÒªÖªµÀÕâ¸ö´íÎóÑ¶Ï¢ÊÇÊ²÷á£® ÎÒ¿ÉÄÜÒ²ÏëÖªµÀÄãµÄºËÐÄ£¬gcc£¬libc
    µÄ°æ±¾ÊÇÊ²÷á£¬Èç¹ûÄãÖ»ÊÇ¸æËßÎÒÄãÓÃµÄÊÇÕâ¸ö»òÄÇ¸öÌ×¼þ£¬ÄÇÃ»Ê²÷áÓÃ£®
    ÎÒ²»½éÒâÄãÎÊÎÒ¼òµ¥µÄÎÊÌâ; Çë¼Ç×¡£¬Èç¹ûÄã²»ÎÊ£¬Äã½«ÓÀÔ¶²»»áµÃµ½½â´ð£®
    ÎÒÒª¸ÐÐ»Ã¿¸ö¸øÎÒ»ØÀ¡µÄÈËÃÇ£®

    Èç¹ûÄãÐ´ÐÅ¸øÎÒµ«ÔÚÒ»¶ÎºÏÀíµÄÊ±¼äÄÚÃ»ÓÐµÃµ½»ØÓ¦(ÈýÐÇÆÚ»ò¸ü¾Ã)£¬ÄÇ÷á¿ÉÄÜ
    ÎÒ²»Ð¡ÐÄ¿³µôÁËÄãµÄÐÅ¼þ»òÖîÈç´ËÀàµÄ(±§Ç¸)£® ÇëÔÙÊÔÒ»´Î£®

    ÎÒÊÕµ½Ðí¶àÐÅ¼þÊÇ¹Øì¶Ó²ÌåÎÊÌâµÄ£®ÕâÃ»ÎÊÌâ£¬µ«ÇëÁË½âÎÒ²¢²»ÊÇÊìÏ¤ÊÀ½çÉÏËù
    ÓÐÓ²ÌåµÄÈË¶øÇÒÎÒÒ²²»ÖªµÀÎÒÄÜ°ï¶àÉÙÃ¦£® ÎÒ¸öÈËÊ¹ÓÃµÄ»úÆ÷ÓÐ IDE Óë SCSI
    Ó²µú£¬SCSI ¹âµú»ú£¬3Com Óë WD µÄÒÒÌ«ÍøÂ·¿¨£¬´®ÁÐ»¬Êó£¬ PCI Ö÷»ú°å£¬NCR
    810 SCSI ¿ØÖÆÆ÷£¬AMD 386DX40 w/Cyrix ¸¨Öú´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬AMD 5x86£¬AMD 486DX4
    Óë Intel 486DX4 ´¦ÀíÆ÷
    (ÕâÖ»ÊÇÎÒÔÚÊ¹ÓÃ¶øÇÒÊìÏ¤µÄÓ²ÌåÕªÒª£¬²¢²»ÊÇ½¨Òé£¬µ«Èç¹ûÄãÏëÒªÓÃ£¬»¶Ó-
    À´Ñ¯ÎÊ :-) )£®

    0.1 °æÍê³Éì¶ 1994 ÄêÊ®ÔÂÈýÈÕ£®±¾ÎÄ¼þ¿ÉÒÔ SGML, PostScript, TeX, roff
    Óë´¿ÎÄ×Ö¸ñÊ½È¡µÃ£®

   13.2. Ô¤¶¨Ä¿±ê

    ``¡õ¾÷ºÍ¼¼ÇÉ'' Ò»½ÚÌ«ÉÙÁË£®ÎÒÏ£ÍûÄÜÓÃ´Ó±ðÈËµÃµ½µÄ½¨ÒéÀ´À©³ä£®

    ``¸½¼ÓµÄÌ×¼þ'' Ò»½ÚÒ²ÊÇ£®

    »¹ÐèÒª¸ü¶àµÄÕì´í/µ±»ú»Ø¸´×ÊÑ¶£®

   13.3. ¹±Ï×Õß

    °üº¬ÁËÒ»Ð¡²¿·Ý Linus µÄ README µµ°¸ (kernel hacking Ñ¡Ïî)£®¸ÐÐ» Linus!

    uc@brian.lunetix.de (Ulrich Callmeier): patch -s and xargs.

    quinlan@yggdrasil.com (Daniel Quinlan): corrections and additions in
    many sections.

    nat@nat@nataa.fr.eu.org (Nat Makarevitch): mrproper, tar -p, many
    other things

    boldt@math.ucsb.edu (Axel Boldt): collected descriptions of kernel
    configuration options on the net; then provided me with the list

    lembark@wrkhors.psyber.com (Steve Lembark): multiple boot suggestion

    kbriggs@earwax.pd.uwa.edu.au (Keith Briggs): some corrections and
    suggestions

    rmcguire@freenet.columbus.oh.us (Ryan McGuire): makeables additions

    dumas@excalibur.ibp.fr (Eric Dumas): French translation

    simazaki@ab11.yamanashi.ac.jp (Yasutada Shimazaki): Japanese
    translation

    jjamor@lml.ls.fi.upm.es (Juan Jose Amor Iglesias): Spanish translation

    mva@sbbs.se (Martin Wahlen): Swedish translation

    jzp1218@stud.u-szeged.hu (Zoltan Vamosi): Hungarian translation

    bart@mat.uni.torun.pl (Bartosz Maruszewski): Polish translation

    donahue@tiber.nist.gov (Michael J Donahue): typos, winner of the
    ``sliced bread competition''

    rms@gnu.ai.mit.edu (Richard Stallman): ``free'' documentation
    concept/distribution notice

    dak@Pool.Informatik.RWTH-Aachen.DE (David Kastrup): NFS thing

    esr@snark.thyrsus.com (Eric Raymond): various tidbits

    Ôø¼ÄÐÅ¸øÎÒÎÊÎÊÌâµÄÈËÒ²ÓÐºÜ´ó°ïÖú£®

   13.4. °æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷£¬Ðí¿É£¬ÖîÈç´ËÀàµÄ

    Copyright © Brian Ward, 1994-1997.

    Permission is granted to make and distribute copies of this manual
    provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved
    on all copies.

    Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
    manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
    derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice
    identical to this one. Translations fall under the catagory of
    ``modified versions.''

    Warranty: None.

    Recommendations: Commercial redistribution is allowed and encouraged;
    however, it is strongly recommended that the redistributor contact the
    author before the redistribution, in the interest of keeping things
    up-to-date (you could send me a copy of the thing you're making while
    you're at it). Translators are also advised to contact the author
    before translating. The printed version looks nicer. Recycle.
      _________________________________________________________________

    Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÔÓÏî
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    Next: Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ Kernel HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÖØÒªÎÊÌâÓë½â´ð
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    Next: ÈçºÎÕæÕý½øÐÐºËÐÄµÄÅäÖÃ?
      _________________________________________________________________


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