BBSˮľÇ廪վ¡Ã¾«»ªÇø
·¢ÐÅÈË: dfbb (ÕÔÎÞ¼É), ÐÅÇø: Linux
±ê Ìâ: [CLDP]Dns-Howto
·¢ÐÅÕ¾: BBS ˮľÇ廪վ (Sat May 2 22:09:44 1998)
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
×÷Õß: Nicolai Langfeldt janl@math.uio.no
ÒëÕß: Asd L. Chen & C.W.Huang
v1.4.2, 1 January 1998 ·ÒëÈÕÆÚ: 8 January 1998
_________________________________________________________________
ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö³ÆÖ°µÄСÐÍ DNS ¹ÜÀíÕߣ®
_________________________________________________________________
1. Ç°ÑÔ
1.1. °æȨÐû¸æ
1.2. ¸ÐлÓëÇóÖú
1.3. ÌâÏ×´Ç
2. ¼ò½é
3. ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
3.1. Æðʼ named
4. Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
4.1. ÏÈÀ´Ò»µã´¿ÀíÂÛ
4.2. ÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÁìÓò
4.3. ¼ÌÐøÉîÈë
5. ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
5.1. /etc/named.boot (»ò /var/named/named.boot)
5.2. /var/named/root.cache
5.3. /var/named/zone/127.0.0
5.4. /var/named/zone/land-5.com
5.5. /var/named/zone/206.6.177
6. ά»¤¹¤×÷
7. Bind version 8
8. ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
9. ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
10. ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö´óÐ굀 DNS ¹ÜÀíÕß
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Ç°ÑÔ
Previous: DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
Next: ¼ò½é
_________________________________________________________________
1. Ç°ÑÔ
¹Ø¼ü×Ö: DNS, bind, named, dialup, ppp, slip, Internet, domain, name,
hosts, resolving
1.1. °æȨÐû¸æ
(C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without amending
copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message.
ûÓÐÐÞ¶©°æȨÕßÇëÎðÐ޸ģ¬¿É×ÔÓÉÉ¢²¼µ«±ØÐë±£Áô°æȨѶϢ£®
1.2. ¸ÐлÓëÇóÖú
ÎÒÒªÏòÎÞÊý´ÎÔĶÁÕâ·ÝÎļþµÄ²Ý¸å²¢ÌṩÐí¶àÓÐÓý¨ÒéµÄ Arnt Gulbrandsen
±í´ï¸Ðл֮Ò⣮ ÎÒÒ²Òª¸ÐлÄÇЩ½«½¨Òé¼Ä¸øÎÒµÄÈË£®
Õâ·ÝÎļþ½«ÓÀÔ¶²»»áÓÐÍê³ÉµÄÒ»Ì죬Çë°ÑÄãµÄÎÊÌâÒÔ¼°³É¹¦µÄ¾Ñé¼Ä¸øÎÒ£¬
Õâ¿ÉÒÔʹËü³ÉΪһ·Ý¸üºÃµÄ˵Ã÷Îļþ£®ËùÒÔÇë°ÑÇ®£¬ÆÀÂÛÒÔ¼°/»òÊÇÎÊÌâ¼Ä¸ø
janl@ifi.uio.no£®
Èç¹ûÄã¼ÄПøÎÒ²¢Ï£ÍûµÃµ½»Ø´ðÇë±íÏÖ»ù±¾µÄÀñò£¬È·¶¨»ØÐŵØÖ·ÊÇÕýÈ·¶øÇÒ¿É
ÒÔÔË×÷µÄ£® »¹ÓУ¬Ð´ÐŸøÎÒÇ°ÇëÏÈÔĶÁ FAQ Ò»½Ú£®
Èç¹ûÄãÏë·ÒëÕâƪ HOWTO ÇëÓëÎÒÁªÂ磬ÕâÑùÎÒ²ÅÖªµÀÎÒµÄÎÄÕ±»±ä³ÉºÎÖÖÓïÑÔ
:-).
1.3. ÌâÏ×´Ç
½÷ÒÔÕâ·Ý˵Ã÷ÎļþÏ׸ø Anne Line Norheim
Langfeldt£®ËäÈ»Ëý¿ÉÄÜÓÀÔ¶¶¼²»»áÔĶÁÕâ·ÝÎļþ£¬ÒòΪËý²»ÊÇÕâÀàÐ͵ÄÅ®º¢£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Ç°ÑÔ
Previous: DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
Next: ¼ò½é DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ¼ò½é
Previous: Ç°ÑÔ
Next: ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
_________________________________________________________________
2. ¼ò½é
ÕâÊÇʲ÷áÒÔ¼°Õâ²»ÊÇʲ÷á
Ê×ÏÈ£¬DNS ¾ÍÊÇÁìÓòÃû³Æϵͳ(Domain Name System)£®
Ϊ»úÆ÷ÃüÃûµÄ¹æÔòÒÔ¼°½«ÕâЩÃû³Æת»»Îª IP Êý×ÖµÄÈíÌ壮 Õâ·Ý HOWTO
Îļþ˵Ã÷ÁËÈçºÎÓà Linux ¶¨ÒåÕâÑùµÄ¶ÔÓ¦£®
¶ÔÓ¦Ö¸µÄÊÇÕâÁ½¼þʵÄÁªÏµ£¬»úÆ÷Ãû³Æ£¬Ïñ ftp.linux.org£¬ ÒÔ¼°»úÆ÷µÄ IP
Êý×Ö£¬ÏñÊÇ 199.249.150.4£®
DNS£¬¶ÔÐÂÊÖ(Ä㣻£)¶øÑÔ£¬ÊÇÍø·¹ÜÀíÖбȽϻްµ²»Ã÷µÄµØ·½Ö®Ò»£®
Õâ·Ý˵Ã÷Îļþ½«»áÊÔÖøÈü¸¼þÊÂÇéÄÜÇå³þÒ»µã£®ËüÃèÊöÈçºÎÉèÁ¢Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ DNS
Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£® ¿ªÊ¼ÏÈ˵Ã÷ÔÝ´æרÓÃ(caching
only)ËÅ·þÆ÷£¬È»ááÊÇΪһÁìÓòÉèÁ¢Ö÷Òª(primary)Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£®
ÖÁ춸ü¸´ÔÓµÄÉ趨Äã¿ÉÒԲο¼Õâ·ÝÎļþµÄ FAQ Ò»½Ú£®
²»ÓÃ˵Ä㽫µÃÔĶÁÕæÕýµÄÎļþ£® ÎÒ½«»áÔÚ ×îááÒ»ÕÂ
»Ø¹ýÍ·À´ËµÃ÷ÕâÀïËùνÕæÕýµÄÎļþ°üº¬ÓÐÄÄЩ£®
ÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔ¿ªÊ¼½øÐÐÕâÏ×÷֮ǰÄãÓ¦¸ÃÒªÏÈÅäÖúÃÄãµÄ»úÆ÷ÒÔ±ã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÔ¶¶ËÇ©Èë
ËüÒÔ¼°ÓÉËü¶ÔÆäËü»úÆ÷×÷Ô¶¶ËÇ©È룬
²¢ÇÒʹËùÓи÷ÖÖ¶ÔÍø·µÄÁ¬Ï߶¼Äܳɹ¦µØ½øÐУ¬ÓÈÆäÄãÓ¦¸ÃÒªÄܹ»¶Ô 127.0.0.1
½øÐÐÔ¶¶ËÇ©Èë²¢ÇÒ½øÈëÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÕą̂»úÆ÷(ÏÖÔÚ¾ÍÊÔÊÔ!)£®
ͬʱÄãÒ²ÐèÒªÒ»·ÝÔË×÷Á¼ºÃµÄ /etc/host.conf, /etc/resolv.conf ÒÔ¼°
/etc/hosts µµ°¸×÷Ϊ¿ªÊ¼£®
ÒòΪÎÒ½«²»»áÔÚÕâÀï½âÊÍËüÃǵŦÄÜ£®Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓÐÍê³ÉËùÓÐÕâЩÉ趨²¢Ê¹ÆäÔË
×÷ÄÇ÷á the networking/NET-2 HOWTO »á½âÊÍÈçºÎÉèÁ¢ËüÃÇ£®ÔĶÁÖ®£®
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓà SLIP »òÕßÊÇ PPP
ÄÇ÷áÄãµÃÒªÄÜÈÃËüÔË×÷£®ÈôÊÇËü»¹²»ÄÜÔË×÷µÄ»°ÔĶÁ PPP HOWTO£®
µ±ÎÒ˵¡®ÄãµÄ»úÆ÷¡¯Ê±ÎÒµÄÒâ˼ÊÇÄãÕýÒª³¢ÊÔÔÚÉÏÃæÉèÁ¢ DNS µÄÄÇ̨»úÆ÷£®
²»ÊÇÈκοÉÄÜÔÚÄãÍø·»·¾³ÀïµÄÆäËü»úÆ÷£®
ÎÒ¼ÙÉèÄã²¢²»ÊÇ´¦ì¶Èκλá×è°
Ãû³Æ²éѯµÄ·À»ðǽááÃ森Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÄÇ÷áÄ㽫»áÐèÒªÌرðµÄÉ趨£¬ ²Î¼û FAQ
Ò»½Ú£®
ÔÚ Unix ÉϵÄÃû³Æ·þÎñÊǽåÓÉÒ»Ö§³ÆΪ named µÄ³ÌʽÀ´Ö´Ðеģ® ÕâÊÇÊôì¶
bind Ì×¼þµÄÒ»²¿·Ý£¬Õâ¸öÌ×¼þÊÇÓÉ Paul Vixie ΪÍø¼ÊÍø·ÈíÌ弯ÍÅ(Internet
Software Consortium)Ëùе÷·¢Õ¹µÄ£® ´ó²¿·ÖµÄ Linux ·¢ÐÐÌ×¼þ¶¼°üº¬ÓÐ
named£¬¶øÇÒͨ³£°²×°ì¶ /usr/sbin/named£® Èç¹ûÄãµÄϵͳÓиö named
ÄÇ÷áÄã´ó¸Å¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓʹÓÃËü£»Èç¹ûûÓеĻ°ÄÇ÷áÄã¿ÉÒÔ´Óij¸ö Linux ftp
վȡ»ØÒ»·Ý¶þ½øλִÐеµ£¬»òÊÇ´Ó ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/
Ŀ¼ÀïÈ¡µÃ×îÐÂ×î°ôµÄÔʼ³ÌʽÂ룮 ±¾ÎļþÊÇ˵Ã÷ bind version 4
µÄ£®Èç¹ûÄã°²×° version 8
ÄãÒª×Ô¼ºÏë°ì·¨£®ÉÔááÓÐÒ»½Ú¿ÉÄÜ»á¶ÔÄãÓÐЩ°ïÖú£®
DNS ÊǸöÒÔÕû¸öÍø·Ϊ¡õΧµÄ(net-wide)×ÊÁϿ⣮ҪСÐÄÄã·Å½øÀïÃæµÄ×ÊÁÏ£®
Èç¹ûÄã·ÅЩ·ÏÎï½øÈ¥£¬Ä㣬ÒÔ¼°ÆäËüÈ˶¼½«»á´ÓÖÐÈ¡³öЩ·ÏÎ ±£³ÖÄã DNS
µÄÕûÆëÒ»ÖÂÄÇ÷áÄ㽫ÄÜ´ÓÖÐÈ¡µÃÁ¼ºÃµÄ·þÎñ£®
ѧϰȥʹÓÃËü£¬¹ÜÀíËü£¬×·²éËüµÄ´íÎóÄÇ÷áÄ㽫»áÊÇÁíÒ»¸ö±£³ÖÍø·Ãâì¶ÒòΪ¹Ü
Àí²»ÉƶøЧÂʵÍÂäµÄºÃ¹ÜÀíÕߣ®
ÔÚÕâ·ÝÎļþÀïÎÒ¶ÏÈ»µØÐðÊö¼¸¼þ²¢²»ÍêÈ«ÊÇÕæʵµÄÊÂÇé(ËäÈ»ËüÃÇÖÁÉÙÓÐÒ»°ëÊÇÕ
æµÄ)£® ÕâÈ«¶¼ÊÇΪÁ˼ò»¯£®Èç¹ûÄãÏàÐÅÎÒËù˵µÄÄÇ÷áÕâЩ´ó¸Å¾ÍÄÜÔË×÷£®
Òª¾÷: Èç¹ûÄãÒѾӵÓÐÎÒÒªÄãÈ¥¸Ä±äµÄµµ°¸£¬ÄÇ÷áËùÓÐÕâЩµµ°¸¶¼ÒªÏÈ×ö±¸·Ý£¬
ÕâÑùÒ»À´Èç¹û¾
ÀúÕâЩ¸Ä±äÖ®ááûÓж«Î÷»á¶¯µÄ»°Äã¿ÉÒԻظ´µ½Äã¾ÉµÄ£¬¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷µÄÇéÐΣ®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ¼ò½é
Previous: Ç°ÑÔ
Next: ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷ DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
Previous: ¼ò½é
Next: Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
_________________________________________________________________
3. ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
DNS ÅäÖõÄÊ×ÖÖ³¢ÊÔ£¬¶Ô²¦½ÓʹÓÃÕ߷dz£ÓÐÓã®
һ̨ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷½«»áΪÃû³Æ²éѯÕÒ³ö´ð°¸²¢ÇÒÔÚÏÂÒ»´ÎÄãÐèÒªÄǸöÃû³Æ
µÄʱºò¼ÇµÃ´ð°¸£®
Ê×ÏÈÄãÐèÒªÒ»¸ö³ÆΪ /etc/named.boot µÄµµ°¸£®µ± named
Æô¶¯Ê±»á¶ÁÈ¡Õâ¸öµµ°¸£® Ä¿Ç°ËüÓ¦¸Ãµ¥´¿µØ°üº¬:
_________________________________________________________________
; Boot file for nicolais caching name server
;
directory /var/named
;
; type domain source file or host
cache . root.cache
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa pz/127.0.0
_________________________________________________________________
·Ç³£ÖØÒª:
ÔÚÕâÎļþµÄijЩ°æ±¾ÖÐÕâ¸öµµ°¸µÄÕâ·ÝÁбí»áÔÚµÚÒ»¸ö·Ç¿Õ°××ÖԪǰ°üº¬Ò»Ð©¿Õ
¸ñ»ò tab ¼ü£® ÕâЩ²»Ó¦¸Ã³öÏÖÔÚµµ°¸ÖУ®Èç¹ûÄã´ÓÕâ·Ý HOWTO
¼ôÌùÏÂÀ´£¬¼ÇµÃɾ³ýÈκÎÇ°ÃæµÄ¿Õ°×£®
`directory' ÕâÒ»ÐиæËß named
µ½ÄÄÀïÈ¥ÕÒÑ°µµ°¸£®ËùÓÐÆäááÃüÃûµÄµµ°¸¶¼½«ÊÇÏà¶Ô춴ËĿ¼µÄ£® ¸ù¾Ý Linux
µµ°¸ÏµÍ³±ê×¼ÕýÈ·µÄĿ¼Ӧ¸ÃÊÇÔÚ /var/named£® Òò´Ë pz ÊÇÎ»ì¶ /var/named
֮ϵģ¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ£¬/var/named/pz£®
³ÆΪ /var/named/root.cache µÄÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÊÇÔÚ´ËÃüÃûµÄ£® Õâ¸ö
/var/named/root.cache Ó¦¸Ã°üº¬:
_________________________________________________________________
. 518400 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518400 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 3600000 A 192.33.4.12
_________________________________________________________________
¼ÇסÎÒ˵¹ýҪȥµô¿Õ°××ÖÔª!
Õâ¸öµµ°¸ÃèÊöÁËÔÚÕâ¸öÊÀ½çÉϵĸùÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£®Õâ»áËæʱ¼ä¶ø¸Ä±ä²¢ÇÒ±ØÐë¼ÓÒÔ
ά»¤£® ÈçºÎÄܱ£³ÖËüËæʱ¸üÐÂÇë²Î¼û ά»¤Æª£® ÔÚ named
µÄÏßÉÏʹÓÃÊÖ²áÀïÓÐÕâ¸öµµ°¸µÄÃèÊö£¬µ«ÊÇÕ⣬ÒÔÎÒ¿´À´£¬×îÊʺÏÄÇЩÒѾÁ˽â
named µÄÈËÃÇ£®
ÔÚ named.boot ÀïµÄÏÂÒ»ÐÐÊÇ primary ÕâÒ»ÐУ®
ÎÒ½«»áÔÚÉÔááµÄÕ½ÚÀï½âÊÍËüµÄÓ÷¨£¬Ä¿Ç°Ö»Òª°ÑËüÉèΪÔÚ pz
×ÓĿ¼ÏÂÒ»¸ö³ÆΪ 127.0.0 µÄµµ°¸:
_________________________________________________________________
@ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
1 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
7200 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum TTL
NS ns.linux.bogus.
1 PTR localhost.
_________________________________________________________________
½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬ÄãÐèÒªÒ»·Ý¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÕâÑùµÄ /etc/resolv.conf µµ°¸:
_________________________________________________________________
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
nameserver 127.0.0.1
_________________________________________________________________
`search' ÕâÒ»ÐÐÖ¸³ö¶Ôì¶ÈκÎÄãÏëÁ¬ÍùµÄÖ÷»úÃû³ÆÓ¦¸ÃËÑÑ°µÄÁìÓò£®
`nameserver' ÕâÒ»ÐÐÖ¸³öÄãµÄ»úÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÔÚÄĸöλַÉÏÕÒµ½Ò»Ì¨Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£¬
ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇÄã×Ô¼ºµÄÕą̂»úÆ÷£¬ÒòΪÄãÔÚËüÉÏÃæÖ´ÐÐ named£®
Èç¹ûÄãÏëÁгöºÃ¼¸¸öÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷°ÑËüÃǶ¼·ÅÔÚÒ»ÐÐ `nameserver'
ÀÓÿոñ¸ô¿ª£® (×¢Òâ: named ´Ó²»¶ÁÈ¡Õâ¸öµµ°¸£¬¶øÊÇʹÓà named
µÄÃû³Æ½â´ðÆ÷»á¶ÁÈ¡£®)
À´ËµÃ÷Ò»ÏÂÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÓÐʲ÷á×÷ÓÃ: Èç¹ûij¸ö¿Í»§¶Ë³¢ÊÔÒªÕÒÑ° foo µÄ»°£¬
ÄÇ÷áÊ×Ïȳ¢ÊÔµÄÊÇ foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu Õâ¸öÃû³Æ£¬ È»áá½ÓÏÂÀ´ÊÇ
foo.your-fomain.edu Õâ¸öÃû³Æ£¬×îááÔòÊÇ foo Õâ¸öÃû³Æ£®
Èç¹ûÓÐij¸ö¿Í»§¶Ë³¢ÊÔÒªÕÒÑ° sunsite.unc.edu µÄ»°£¬ ÄÇÊ×Ïȳ¢ÊÔµÄÊÇ
sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.edu Õâ¸öÃû³Æ(û´í£¬ËüÕ汿!
²»¹ýËü¾ÍÊÇÕâ÷á×ö)£¬ È»áá½ÓÏÂÀ´ÊÇ sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu
Õâ¸öÃû³Æ£¬×îááÔò»áÊÇ sunsite.unc.edu Õâ¸öÃû³Æ£®
Äã¿ÉÄܲ»»áÏë·ÅÌ«¶àÁìÓòµ½ search ¸ÃÐÐÀïÈ¥£¬ËÑÑ°ËüÃÇ»á¶à»¨Ê±¼ä£®
Õâ¸ö¡õÀý¼ÙÉèÄãÊôì¶ subdomain.your-domain.edu Õâ¸öÁìÓò£¬
ÄÇ÷áÄãµÄ»úÆ÷£¬¿ÉÄÜ»á³ÆΪ your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu£® ÔÚ
search ÕâÐÐÀï²»Ó¦¸Ã°üº¬ÄãµÄ TLD (¶¥²ãÁìÓò Top Level
Domain£¬ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖÐÊÇ edu Õâ¸öÁìÓò)£® Èç¹ûÄã¾
³£ÐèÒªÁ¬Ïßµ½ÔÚÁíÍâÒ»¸öÁìÓòÀïµÄÖ÷»úÄã÷áÄã¿ÉÒ԰ѸÃÁìÓòÏñÕâÑùµØ¼Ó½ø
search ÕâÐÐÀï:
_________________________________________________________________
search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com
_________________________________________________________________
ÒÀ´ËÀàÍÆ£®ºÜÃ÷ÏÔµÄÊÇÄãµÃ·ÅÈëÕæʵµÄÁìÓòÃû³ÆÀ´È¡´úÕâЩÃû³Æ£®Çë×¢ÒâÔÚÁìÓò
Ãû³ÆµÄ×îááÃ沢ûÓоäºÅ '.'£®
½ÓÏÂÀ´£¬¸ù¾ÝÄã libc °æ±¾µÄ²»Í¬ÐèÒªÐÞÕý /etc/nsswitch.conf »òÕßÊÇ
/etc/host.conf µµ°¸£®
/etc/nsswitch.conf
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öºÜ³¤µÄµµ°¸£¬ËüÖ¸³öµ½ºÎ´¦È¥È¡µÃ¸÷ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ×ÊÁÏÐÍ̬£¬´Óʲ÷áµµ°¸»ò
ÊÇ×ÊÁÏ¿âÈ¡µÃ£® ËüµÄ¶¥¶Ë¾³£»á°üº¬Ò»Ð©ÓÐÓõÄ×¢½â£®ÕÒ³öÒÔ `hosts:'
×÷Ϊ¿ªÍ·µÄÄÇÒ»ÐУ¬ËüÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÕâÑù:
_________________________________________________________________
hosts: files dns
_________________________________________________________________
Èç¹ûµµ°¸ÀïûÓÐÒÔ `hosts:' ×÷Ϊ¿ªÍ·µÄÐÐÄÇ÷á°ÑÉÏÃæÕâÒ»ÐмÓÉÏÈ¥£®
ËüÊÇ˵³ÌʽӦ¸ÃÏÈÔÚ /etc/hosts µµ°¸ÀïÕÒÑ°£¬È»áá¸ù¾Ý resolv.conf ѯÎÊ
DNS£®
/etc/host.conf
Ëü¿ÉÄÜ°üº¬ÓÐÊýÐУ¬ÆäÖÐÓ¦¸ÃÓÐÒ»ÐÐÒÔ order ×÷Ϊ¿ªÊ¼¶øÇÒËü¿´ÆðÀ´»áÏñÕâÑù:
_________________________________________________________________
order hosts,bind
_________________________________________________________________
Èç¹ûµµ°¸ÀïûÓÐ `order' ÕâÒ»ÐеĻ°ÄÇ÷áÄãÓ¦¸ÃÌùÒ»·ÝÉÏÈ¥£®
Ëü¸æËßÖ÷»úÃû³Æ½âÎöº¯Ê½ÏÈÔÚ /etc/hosts ÀïÕÒÑ°£¬È»áá²éÎÊÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷ (ÔÚ
resolv.conf ÀïÄã˵ÔÚ 127.0.0.1 Õâ¸öµØ·½)£® ÔÚ´ó²¿·Ö Linux
·¢ÐÐÌ×¼þÖÐ×îááÕâÁ½¸öµµ°¸µÄÎļþÔÚ resolv(8) µÄÏßÉÏʹÓÃÊÖ²áÖÐ(Ö´ÐÐ `man
8 resolv' ¼´¿É)£® Õâ·ÝÏßÉÏÓÃÊÖ²áÎÒ¾õµÃ¿É¿´£¬¶øÇÒÿ¸öÈË£¬ÌرðÊÇ DNS
¹ÜÀíÕߣ¬¶¼Ó¦¸ÃÒªÔĶÁËü£®
ÏÖÔÚ¾Í×ö£¬Èç¹ûÄã¶ÔÄã×Ô¼ºËµ``ÎÒÉÔáὫ»áÈ¥×ö''£¬Ä㽫ÓÀÔ¶²»»áÈ¥½Ó½üËü£®
3.1. Æðʼ named
ÕâЩȫ²¿Íê³Éáá¾Í¿ÉÒÔÆðʼ named
ÁË£®Èç¹ûÄãʹÓò¦½ÓÁ¬ÏߵĻ°ÄÇ÷áÇëÏÈÁ¬ÉÏÍø·£® ¼üÈë `ndc start' ²¢ÇÒ°´ÏÂ
RETURN ¼ü£¬Ã»ÓÐÑ¡Ï Èç¹ûËü²»ÐеĻ°ÄÇ÷áÊÔÖøʹÓà `/usr/sbin/ndc start'
À´È¡´ú£® ÔÙ²»ÐеĻ°Çë²Î¿¼ FAQ Ò»½Ú£®
ÏÖÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔ²âÊÔÄãµÄÉ趨£®µ±ÄãÔÚÆðʼ named µÄʱºòÈç¹ûÄã¹Û²ìһϠ(ʹÓÃ
tail -f /var/adm/messages Ö¸Áî)ϵͳ¼Ç¼ѶϢµµ°¸ (ͨ³£ÊdzÆΪ
/var/adm/messages µÄµµ°¸£¬µ«Ò²¿ÉÄÜÔÚ /var/log Ï£¬»òÊǽРsyslog
µÄµµ°¸) ÄÇ÷áÄãÓ¦¸Ã»á¿´¼ûÏñÑùµÄһЩ¶«Î÷:
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: starting. named 4.9.4-REL Sun Jun 30 21:29:0
3 MET DST 1996 janl@roke.slip.ifi.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind/named
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: cache zone "" loaded (serial 0)
Jun 30 21:50:55 roke named[2258]: primary zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" loaded (s
erial 1)
Èç¹ûÓÐÈκιØ춴íÎóµÄѶϢÄÇ÷á¾ÍÊÇÓиö´íÎó·¢Éú£¬ named
½«»áÖ¸ÃûÓдíÎóµÄµµ°¸(ÎÒÏëÊÇ named.boot ÒÔ¼° root.cache ÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»:-)£®
ɱµô named ³ÌÐò²¢»ØÍ·¼ì²éÄÇЩµµ°¸£®
ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔÓà nslookup À´¼ì²éÒ»ÏÂÄãµÄ¹¤×÷:
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
>
Èç¹ûÕâÊÇÄãËùµÃµ½µÄ»ØÓ¦ÄÇ÷áËüÒѾ
Äܹ»ÔË×÷£®ÎÒÃÇÏ£ÍûÊÇÕâÑù£®µÃµ½ÈκÎÆäËü»ØÓ¦¶¼Çë»ØÍ·¼ì²éÿһ¼þÊ£®
ÿһ´ÎÄã¸Ä±ä named.boot µµ°¸Ö®ááÄ㶼µÃʹÓà ndc restart
Õâ¸öÖ¸ÁîÖØÐÂÆðʼ named ³Ìʽ£®
ÏÖÔÚÄã¿ÉÒÔÊäÈë²éѯ£®³¢ÊÔÕÒѰijЩ¿¿½üÄãµÄ»úÆ÷£®pat.uio.no ÀëÎÒ²»Ô¶£¬ÔÚ
Oslo µÄ´óѧÀï:
> pat.uio.no
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
Name: pat.uio.no
Address: 129.240.2.50
ÏÖÔÚ nslookup ÒªÇóÄãµÄ named ÕÒÑ° pat.uio.no Õą̂»úÆ÷£®
È»ááËü(named)ÁªÏµÔÚÄã root.cache µµ°¸ÀïËùÖ¸ÃûµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þ»úÆ÷ÆäÖÐһ̨£¬
²¢ÇÒ´ÓÄÇÀï²éÎÊËü¸ÃÈçºÎ¼ÌÐøÏÂÈ¥£®ÔÚÄãÈ¡µÃ½á¹û֮ǰ¿ÉÄܵû¨·ÑÒ»µãʱ¼ä£¬
ÒòΪËüËÑÑ°ÄãÔÚ /etc/resolv.conf ÀïÖ¸ÃûµÄËùÓÐÁìÓò£®
Èç¹ûÄãÔÙÊÔÒ»´ÎµÄ»°ÄÇ÷áÄ㽫»áµÃµ½:
> pat.uio.no
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: pat.uio.no
Address: 129.240.2.50
×¢ÒâÕâ»ØÎÒÃÇËùµÃµ½µÄ `Non-authoritative answer:' ÕâÒ»ÐУ® Õâ´ú±í named
´Ë´Î²¢Î´µ½Íø·ÍâÈ¥²éÎÊ£¬È¡¶ø´úÖ®µÄÊÇÔÚËüµÄÔÝ´æÇøÀïÕÒÑ°²¢ÇÒÔÚÄÇÀïÕÒµ½´ð
°¸£® µ«ÊÇÔÝ´æµÄ×ÊѶ¿ÉÄÜ»á¹ýʱ£®ËùÒÔËü½åÓÉ `Non-authorative answer:'
À´Öª»áÄãÓÐÕâ¸ö(ºÜÇá΢µÄ)ΣÏÕÐÔ´æÔÚ£® µ± nslookup
˵ÕâÊÇÄãµÚ¶þ´Î²éÎÊij̨Ö÷»úʱ£¬ÕâÊÇ named
ÄÜÔÝ´æ¸ÃÏî×ÊѶ²¢ÇÒÕý³£ÔË×÷µÄÒ»¸öѶϢ£® Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà `exit' Ö¸ÁîÀ뿪
nslookup ³Ìʽ£®
Èç¹ûÄãÊǸö²¦½Ó(ppp, slip) ʹÓÃÕßÇëÔĶÁ
²¦½ÓÁ¬Ïßר½Ú£¬ÀïÃæÓÐһЩ¸øÄãµÄ½¨Ò飮
ÏÖÔÚÄãÖªµÀÈçºÎÉèÁ¢Ò»¸öÄܹ»ÔÝ´æµÄ named ϵͳ£®À´±
Æ¡¾Æ£¬Å£ÄÌ£¬»òÊÇÈκÎÄãϲ»¶µÄ¶«Î÷À´Çì×£°É£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
Previous: ¼ò½é
Next: Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
Previous: ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
Next: ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
_________________________________________________________________
4. Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
ÈçºÎ½¨Á¢Äã×Ô¼ºµÄÁìÓò
4.1. ÏÈÀ´Ò»µã´¿ÀíÂÛ
ÔÚÎÒÃÇÕæµÄ¿ªÊ¼½øÐÐÕâÒ»½ÚÒÔÇ°ÎÒ½«»áÌṩÄãһЩ¹Øì¶ DNS ÈçºÎÔË×÷µÄÀíÂÛ£®
¶øÄãÓ¦¸ÃÔĶÁËüÒòΪÕâ¶ÔÄãÓÐÒ森Èç¹ûÄã²»¡®ÏëÒª¡¯ÄÇ÷áÖÁÉÙÄãÒ²µÃºÜ¿ìµØÂÔ¶Á
һϣ® µ±Äã¿´µ½Ó¦¸Ã·Å½ø named.boot
µµ°¸ÀïÈ¥µÄÄÚÈÝʱÔÙÍ£Ö¹ÕâÖÖÂÔ¶Á·½Ê½£®
DNS ÊÇÒ»¸ö½×²ãʽµÄϵͳ£®Æ䶥¶Ëд×÷ `.' ¶øÆä·¢ÒôΪ `root' £® ÔÚ .
Ö®ÏÂÓм¸¸ö¶¥²ãÁìÓò(TLDs)£¬×îÖªÃûµÄÊÇ ORG, COM, EDU ÒÔ¼° NET
Õ⼸¸ö£¬µ«ÊÇ»¹Óиü¶à£®
ÔÚÑ°ÕÒһ̨»úÆ÷Ãû³Æʱ²éѯ»áÒԵݻط½·¨´Ó¶¥¶Ë¿ªÊ¼£® µ±ÄãÏëÒªÕÒ³ö
prep.ai.mit.edu µÄλַʱÄãµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷±ØÐëÕÒµ½¸ºÔð edu
µÄһ̨Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£® Õâ¸öÎÊÌâËü»áÈ¥²éÎÊ root.cache µµ°¸£¬¶ø .
ËÅ·þÆ÷»á¸øËüÒ»·Ý edu ËÅ·þÆ÷ÁÐ±í£®
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
¿ªÊ¼²éÎÊij̨¸ùËÅ·þÆ÷£®
> server c.root-servers.net.
Default Server: c.root-servers.net
Address: 192.33.4.12
É趨²éѯÐÍ̬Ϊ NS (Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷¼Ç¼ name server records)£®
> set q=ns
²éÎʹØì¶ edu. µÄ×ÊÁÏ£®
> edu.
½áβµÄ . ÔÚÕâÀï·Ç³£ÖØÒª£¬Ëü¸æË߸ÃËÅ·þÆ÷ÎÒÃÇËù²éÎ浀 edu ÊÇÔÚ .
֮ϵÄÄÇÒ»¸ö£¬ ÕâÉÔÄÜËõСËÑÑ°µÄ¡õΧ£®
edu nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET internet address = 192.112.36.4
Õâ¸æËßÎÒÃÇ *.root-servers.net ·þÎñ edu. ÁìÓò£¬ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ½å´Ë¼ÌÐø²éÎÊ
c ËÅ·þÆ÷£® ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÏëÒªÖªµÀÊÇ˸ºÔðÏÂÒ»²ã mit.edu. µÄÁìÓòÃû³Æ:
> mit.edu.
Server: c.root-servers.net
Address: 192.33.4.12
Non-authoritative answer:
mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu
Authoritative answers can be found from:
STRAWB.mit.edu internet address = 18.71.0.151
W20NS.mit.edu internet address = 18.70.0.160
BITSY.mit.edu internet address = 18.72.0.3
steawb, w20ns ÒÔ¼° bitsy ¸ºÔð mit ÁìÓò£¬Ñ¡ÔñÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö²¢ÇÒ²éѯ
ai.mit.edu:
> server W20NS.mit.edu.
Ö÷»úÃû³Æ²»·Ö´óСд£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒʹÓû¬ÊóÀ´¼ôÌùËùÒÔÕâЩ×ÊÁÏÊÇÓ©Ä»µÄ¿½±´£®
Server: W20NS.mit.edu
Address: 18.70.0.160
> ai.mit.edu.
Server: W20NS.mit.edu
Address: 18.70.0.160
Non-authoritative answer:
ai.mit.edu nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Authoritative answers can be found from:
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.13
WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.35.13
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.5
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.37.5
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.4
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.36.4
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.6
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.38.6
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.7
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.39.7
ËùÒÔ weaties.ai.mit.edu ÊÇ ai.mit.edu µÄһ̨Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷:
> server WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU.
Default Server: WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
Addresses: 128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13
ÏÖÔÚÎҸıä²éѯµÄÐÍ̬£¬ÎÒÃÇÒѾÕÒµ½¸ÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷ËùÒÔÏÖÔÚÎÒÃǽ«ÒªÑ¯ÎÊ
wheaties ¹Øì¶ prep.ai.mit.edu ËüËùÖªµÀµÄÈκÎÊÂÇ飮
> set q=any
> prep.ai.mit.edu.
Server: WHEATIES.AI.MIT.EDU
Addresses: 128.52.32.13, 128.52.35.13
prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25 OS = unix
prep.ai.mit.edu
inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
#21 #23 #25 #79
prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = life.ai.mit.edu
prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
ai.mit.edu nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = wheaties.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80
alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.5
wheaties.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.35.13
wheaties.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.13
grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.36.4
grape-nuts.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.4
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.11
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.54.11
mintaka.lcs.mit.edu internet address = 18.26.0.36
ËùÒÔÎÒÃÇ´Ó . ¿ªÊ¼Á¬ÐøÕÒ³öÔÚÁìÓòÃû³ÆÀïµÄÏÂÒ»²ãÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£®
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓÃÄã×Ô¼ºµÄ DNS ËÅ·þÆ÷¶ø²»ÊÇËùÓÐÕâЩ¸öÆäËüµÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬ ÄãµÄ named
µ±È»»áÔÝ´æËùÓÐÕâЩÔÚΪÄãÑ°ÕÒÕâ¸ö´ð°¸Ê±ËùÕÒµ½µÄ×ÊѶ£¬
¶øÇÒÔÚÒ»¶Îʱ¼äÄÚËü²»±ØÔٴβéÎÊ£®
Ò»¸ö±È½ÏÆðÀ´ºÜÉÙ±»ÂÛ¼°£¬µ«ÊÇͬÑùÖØÒªµÄÊÇ in-addr.arpa
ÁìÓò£®ËüÒ²Ïñ¡®Õý³£µÄ¡¯ÁìÓòÒ»ÑùÊdz²×´µÄ£® in-addr.arpa
ÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÓµÓÐÖ÷»úλַµÄʱºòµÃÖª¸ÃÖ÷»úµÄÃû³Æ£®
ÔÚÕâÀïÓмþÖØÒªµÄÊÂÇéҪעÒâµÄÊÇÔÚ in-addr.arpa Õâ¸öÁìÓòÖÐ ip
Êý×ÖÊÇÒÔ·´Ïò˳ÐòÊéдµÄ£® Èç¹ûÄãÓÐij̨»úÆ÷µÄλַ: 192.128.52.43 ÄÇ÷á
named »áÒÔÀàËÆ prep.ai.mit.edu Õâ¸ö¡õÀýµÄ·½Ê½À´´¦Àí: ÕÒ³ö arpa.
µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬ÕÒ³ö in-addr.arpa. µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬È»ááÔÙÕÒ³ö 192.in-addr.arpa.
µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬ ÕÒ³ö 128.192.in-addr.arpa. µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬½ÓÖøÕÒ³ö
52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬ ×îááÔÙÕÒ³öËùÐèÖ®
43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. µÄ¼Ç¼£®´ÏÃ÷ºõ? (˵¡®Êǵġ¯)£®
Í·Á½ÄêÕâ·´ÏòµÄÊý×ÖÒ²ÒýÆð¹ýһЩÀ§ÈÅ£®
ÆäʵÎÒÊÇÆÄãµÄ£®DNS ²¢·ÇÍêÍêÈ«È«µØÏñÎÒ¸æËßÄãµÄÕâÑùÔË×÷£®µ«ÊÇÕâÒѾ
¹»½Ó½üµÄÁË£®
4.2. ÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÁìÓò
ÏÖÔÚÀ´¶¨ÒåÎÒÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÁìÓò£®ÎÒÃǽ«»á´´Ôì³ö linux.bogus
Õâ¸öÁìÓò²¢ÇÒ¶¨ÒåÆäÖеĻúÆ÷£®
ÎÒʹÓÃÒ»¸öÍêÈ«ÊÇÐéÄâ³öÀ´µÄÁìÓòÃû³ÆÒÔ±ãÈ·¶¨ÎÒÃDz»»áÈÅÂÒµ½Íø·ÉϵÄÆäËüµØ
·½£®
ÎÒÃÇÔç¾ÍÒѾÒÔ named.boot ÀïµÄÕâÒ»ÐпªÊ¼ÁËÕâ¸ö²¿·ÝµÄÉ趨:
_________________________________________________________________
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa pz/127.0.0
_________________________________________________________________
Çë×¢ÒâÔÚÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÀïµÄÁìÓòÃû³Æ½áβ²¢Ã»ÓмÓÉÏ `.' ·ûºÅ£® µÚÒ»ÐаѶ¨Òå
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa µÄµµ°¸ÃüÃûΪ pz/127.0.0£® ÎÒÃÇÔçÒѾ
½¨Á¢ÁËÕâ¸öµµ°¸£¬ËüÊÇÕâÑùµÄ:
_________________________________________________________________
@ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
1 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
7200 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum TTL
NS ns.linux.bogus.
1 PTR localhost.
_________________________________________________________________
Çë×¢ÒâÔÚÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÀïËùÓеÄÍêÕûÁìÓòÃû³Æ½áβµÄ `.' ·ûºÅ£¬ÕâÓëÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄ
named.boot µµ°¸ÐγɶԱȣ® ÓÐЩÈËϲ»¶ÒÔ $ORIGIN
Ö¸ÁîÆôʼÿ¸öÇøÓòµµ°¸£¬µ«ÕâÊDz»±ØÒªµÄ£® Ò»¸öÇøÓòµµ°¸µÄ»ùµã(¾ÍÊÇÆäËùÊôµÄ
DNS ½×²ã¼Ü¹¹Î»ÖÃ)ÊÇÔÚ named.boot µµ°¸µÄ¡®ÁìÓò¡¯ÐÐÀïÖ¸¶¨µÄ£¬
ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀïÊÇ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa£®
Õâ¸ö¡®ÇøÓòµµ°¸¡¯Öаüº¬ÈýÖÖ¡®×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼¡¯(resource records, RRs): Ò»¸öÊÇ
SOA ×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼£®Ò»¸öÊÇ NS ×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼ÒÔ¼°Ò»¸ö PTR ¼Ç¼£® SOA
ÊÇÊÚȨÆðʼ(Start Of Authority)µÄËõд£®`@' ÊǸöÒâ˼Ϊ»ùµãµÄÌØÊâ±ê¼Ç£¬
¶øÒòΪÕâ¸öµµ°¸µÄ¡®ÁìÓò¡¯ÐÐ˵ÊÇ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
ËùÒÔµÚÒ»ÐÐʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÖ¸
0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA. IN SOA ...
NS ÊÇÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼£¬Ëü¸æËß DNS ʲ÷á»úÆ÷ÊÇÕâ¸öÁìÓò
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa µÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ ns.linux.bogus. ¶ø×îááµÄ PTR
¼Ç¼˵ 1 (µÈì¶ÊÇ 1.0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ 127.0.0.1)µÄÃû³ÆÊÇ
localhost£®
SOA
Õâ¸ö¼Ç¼ÊÇËùÓÐÇøÓòµµ°¸µÄÐòÎÄ£¬¶øÇÒÔÚÿһ¸öÇøÓòµµ°¸ÀﶼӦ¸ÃÓÐÕâΨһµÄÒ»
¸ö£¬×ͷµÄ¼Ç¼£® ËüÃèÊö¸ÃÇøÓò£¬Ëü´ÓºÎ¶øÀ´(һ̨³ÆΪ linux.bogus
µÄ»úÆ÷)£¬Ë¸ºÔðÆäÄÚÈÝ(hostmaster@linux.bogus)£¬
Õâ¸öÇøÓòµµ°¸ÊÇʲ÷á°æ±¾(serial:
1)£¬ÒÔ¼°ÆäËü±ØÐë×öµÄ£¬ÓйØÔÝ´æÓë´ÎÒªÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÊ£® ʣϵÄÀ¸Î»Èç
refresh, retry, expire ÒÔ¼° minimum
Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâ·ÝÎļþÀïËùÓõÄÊý×Ö¶øÇÒÓ¦¸Ã²»»á³öÎÊÌ⣮
ÏÖÔÚÖØÐÂÆðʼÄãµÄ named(ʹÓà ndc restart Ö¸Áî)²¢Ê¹Óà nslookup
À´¼ìÑéÎÒÃÇ×öÁËʲ÷á:
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
> 127.0.0.1
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
Name: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
ËùÒÔËü¹ÜÀí´Ó 127.0.0.1 µÃµ½ localhost µÄ¹ý³Ì£¬ºÜºÃ£®
ÏÖÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ÎÒÃǵÄÖ÷ÒªÈÎÎñ£¬linux.bogus Õâ¸öÁìÓò£¬ ÔÚ named.boot Àï
²åÈëеÄÒ»ÐÐ primary Ö¸Áî:
_________________________________________________________________
primary linux.bogus pz/linux.bogus
_________________________________________________________________
×¢Ò⣬ÔÚ named.boot µµ°¸ÀïÁìÓòÃû³ÆµÄ½áβ»¹ÊÇûÓÐ '.' ·ûºÅ£®
ÔÚÕâ¸ö linux.bogus ÇøÓòµµ°¸ÀïÎÒÃǽ«»á·ÅÈëһЩÍêÈ«ÐéÄâµÄ×ÊÁÏ:
_________________________________________________________________
;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
;
@ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
199511301 ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
28800 ; refresh, seconds
7200 ; retry, seconds
3600000 ; expire, seconds
86400 ) ; minimum, seconds
NS ns.linux.bogus.
NS ns.friend.bogus.
MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger
MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger
localhost A 127.0.0.1
ns A 127.0.0.2
mail A 127.0.0.4
_________________________________________________________________
¹Øì¶ SOA ¼Ç¼ÓÐÁ½¼þÊÂÐèҪעÒ⣮Ê×ÏÈ ns.linux.bogus ±ØÐë ÊÇһ̨¾ßÓÐ A
¼Ç¼µÄÕæÕý»úÆ÷£® ÔÚ SOA ¼Ç¼ÖÐÓà CNAME
¼Ç¼ΪÃû³ÆµÄ»úÆ÷ÊDz»ºÏ·¨µÄ£®ËüµÄÃû×Ö²»Ò»¶¨ÒªÊÇ
ns£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκκϷ¨µÄÖ÷»úÃû³Æ£® ÔÙÀ´£¬hostmaster.linux.bogus
Ó¦¸Ã±»ÊÓΪ hostmaster@linux.bogus£¬ÕâÓ¦¸ÃÊÇÒ»¸öÓʼþλַ»ò±ðÃû£¬
ÊÇά»¤Õâ¸ö DNS µÄÈ˾
³£¶ÁÐŵÄλַ£®ÈκιØ춴ËÁìÓòµÄÐżþ»á±»Ë͵½Õâ¸öλַ£®
ËüµÄÃû×Ö²»Ò»¶¨ÒªÊÇ
hostmaster£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔÊÇÈκκϷ¨µÄµç×ÓÓʼþλַ£¬È»¶øÕâ¸öλַ `hostmaster'
Ó¦¸ÃÄܹ¤×÷Õý³££®
ÔÚÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÀïÓÐÒ»ÖÖеÄ×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼ÐÍ̬£¬¼´ MX
ÐÍ̬£¬»òÊÇÓʼþ½»»»Õß×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼(Mail eXchanger RR)£®
ÕâÖÖ×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼ÐÍ̬¸æËßÓʵÝϵͳµØÖ· someone@linux.bogus
µÄÓʼþÒª¼ÄË͵½ÄÄÀ »»¾ä»°ËµÒ²¾ÍÊÇÓ¦¸Ã¼ÄË͵½ mail.linux.bogus »òÊÇ
mail.friend.bogus£® ÔÚÿ¸ö»úÆ÷Ãû³ÆÇ°ÃæµÄÊý×ÖÊÇ MX
×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼µÄÓÅÏÈȨ£¬Êý×Ö±È½ÏµÍ (10) µÄ×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼ÊÇÓʼþÖ÷ÒªÓ¦¸Ã¼ÄÍùµÄ»úÆ÷£®
Èç¹ûʧ°Ü¿ÉÒÔ°ÑËü¼ÄÍùÊý×ֱȽϸߵĻúÆ÷£¬Ò»Ì¨´ÎÒªµÄÓʼþ´¦ÀíÕߣ¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÔÚÕâ
Àï¾ßÓÐÓÅÏÈȨ 20 µÄ mail.friend.bogus£®
Óà ndc restart ÖØÐÂÆðʼ named£®ÒÔ nslookup ¼ìÑé½á¹û:
$ nslookup
> set q=any
> linux.bogus
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
linux.bogus
origin = linux.bogus
mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
serial = 199511301
refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
retry = 7200 (2 hours)
expire = 604800 (7 days)
minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
linux.bogus preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.2
mail.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.4
СÐĵؼìÑéÄ㽫»á·¢ÏÖÒ»¸ö´íÎó£®ÕâÒ»ÐÐ
linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogu
s
È«¶¼´íÁË£®ËüÓ¦¸ÃÊÇ
linux.bogus preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus
ÎÒ¹ÊÒâ·¸Á˸ö´íÎóËùÒÔÄã¿ÉÒÔ½å´Ëѧϰ:-)
×Ðϸ¿´¿´¸ÃÇøÓòµµ°¸ÎÒÃǻᷢÏÖÕâÒ»ÐÐ
@ MX 10 mail.linux.bogus ; Primary Mail Exchanger
ÒÅ©ÁËÒ»¸ö¾äµã£®»òÊÇ˵¶àÁ˸ö `linux.bogus'£®
ÔÚÇøÓòµµ°¸ÀïÈç¹ûÒ»¸ö»úÆ÷Ãû³Æ²»ÊÇÒÔ¾äµã½áβÄÇ÷á»áÔÚÆä½áβ¼ÓÈë»ùµã£®ËùÒÔ
²»ÂÛÊÇ
_________________________________________________________________
@ MX 10 mail.linux.bogus. ; Primary Mail Exchanger
_________________________________________________________________
»òÊÇ
_________________________________________________________________
@ MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger
_________________________________________________________________
¶¼ÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ£®ÎұȽÏϲ»¶ááÃæÕâÖÖÐÎʽ£¬ËüÐèÒªµÄ´ò×ֱȽÏÉÙ£®
ÔÚÒ»¸öÇøÓòµµ°¸ÀïÁìÓòÃû³ÆÓ¦¸ÃÒª²»¾ÍÊÇд³öÀ´²¢ÒÔ `.'
½áβ»òÕß¾ÍÊÇÒ»µã¶¼²»Òª°üº¬½øÈ¥£¬
¶øÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÂÆäÁìÓòÔ¤ÉèΪ»ùµã£®ÆäËüÈËÒ²Ðíϲ»¶²ÉÓÃÁíÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½£®
ÎÒ±ØÐëÇ¿µ÷µÄÊÇÔÚ named.boot µµ°¸ÀïÁìÓòÃû³ÆááÃæ²»Ó¦¸ÃÓÐ `.' µÄ´æÔÚ£®
Äã²»ÖªµÀÓжàÉÙ´ÎÒòΪ¶àÁË»òÉÙÁËÒ»¸ö `.' ¶ø¸ãÔÒÁ˲¢ÇÒ¶ÔÐí¶àÈËÔì³ÉÀ§ÈÅ£®
ËùÒÔÔÚ¼ÓÈëÎÒÇ¿µ÷µÄÖصãááµÃµ½Ò»·ÝеÄÇøÓòµµ°¸£¬ÆäÖл¹°üº¬Ò»Ð©¶îÍâµÄ×ÊѶ
:
_________________________________________________________________
;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; Mandatory minimum for a working domain
;
@ IN SOA linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
199511301 ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
28800 ; refresh, seconds
7200 ; retry, seconds
604800 ; expire, seconds
86400 ) ; minimum, seconds
NS ns ; Inet Address of name server
NS ns.friend.bogus.
MX 10 mail ; Primary Mail Exchanger
MX 20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger
localhost A 127.0.0.1
ns A 127.0.0.2
mail A 127.0.0.4
;
; Extras
;
@ TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
ns MX 10 mail
MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
HINFO "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
TXT "RMS"
richard CNAME ns
www CNAME ns
donald A 127.0.0.3
MX 10 mail
MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
HINFO "i486" "Linux 1.2"
TXT "DEK"
mail MX 10 mail
MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
HINFO "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"
ftp A 127.0.0.5
MX 10 mail
MX 20 mail.friend.bogus.
HINFO "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"
_________________________________________________________________
ÄãÒ²Ðí»áÏëÒªÒƶ¯Ç°ÃæÈý¸ö A
¼Ç¼ÒÔ±ãÈÃËüÃÇ¿¿½üÆäËüµÄÏà¹Ø¼Ç¼£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÏñÕâÑù·ÅÔÚ×îÇ°¶Ë£®
ÕâÀïÓм¸¸öеÄ×ÊÔ´¼Ç¼: Ö÷»ú×ÊѶ(HINFO: Host INFOrmation)
°üÀ¨Á½¸ö²¿·Ý£¬ ʹÓÃÒýºÅº
À¨Ã¿¸ö²¿·ÝÊǸöºÃÏ°¹ß£®µÚÒ»¸ö²¿·ÝÊÇ»úÆ÷ÉϵÄÓ²Ìå»òÊÇÖÐÑë´¦Àíµ¥Ôª£¬
¶øµÚ¶þ¸ö²¿·ÝÊÇ»úÆ÷ÉϵÄÈíÌå»òÊÇ×÷ҵϵͳ£®ns ÓÐÒ»¿Å Pentium CPU ²¢ÇÒÖ´ÐÐ
Linux 1.2 ϵͳ£® TXT
¼Ç¼ÊǸöËæÒâµÄÎÄ×ּǼ£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔÓÃËüÀ´¼Ç¼ÈκÎÊÂÇ飮 ÕýʽÃû³Æ(CNAME:
Canonical NAME)¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´¸øÿ̨»úÆ÷Êý¸öÃû³Æ£® ËùÒÔ richard ÒÔ¼° www ¶¼ÊÇ
ns µÄÒ»¸ö±ðÃû£® ºÜÖØÒªµÄÒ»µãÊÇ A, MX, CNAME, ÒÔ¼° SOA ¼Ç¼ÓÀÔ¶²»¸Ã²ÎÕÕ
CNAME ¼Ç¼É趨µÄ±ðÃû£¬ ËüÃÇÖ»Ó¦¸Ã²ÎÕÕ A
¼Ç¼ËùÉ趨µÄÃû³Æ£¬ËùÒÔÏñÕâÑùµÄ¼Ç¼ÊÇ´íµÄ
_________________________________________________________________
foobar CNAME richard ; NO!
_________________________________________________________________
²»¹ýÕâÑùÊǶԵÄ
_________________________________________________________________
foobar CNAME ns ; Yes!
_________________________________________________________________
»¹ÓÐÒ»µãÒ²ºÜÖØÒªµÄÊÇ×¢ÒâÕýʽÃû³ÆËùÉ趨µÄ¶Ôµç×ÓÓʵÝλַ¶øÑÔ²»ÊǺϷ¨Ö÷»ú
Ãû³Æ: webmaster@www.linux.bogus
ÒÔÉÏÃæµÄÉ趨¶øÑÔÊÇÒ»¸ö²»ºÏ·¨µÄµç×ÓÓʵÝλַ£®
¼´Ê¹ËüÔÚÄãµÄϵͳÉÏ¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷£¬¿ÉÒÔÔ¤ÁϵÄÊǺÜÉÙÓеç×ÓÓʼþ¹ÜÀíÕß»áȥʵÐÐÕâ
Ïî¹æÔò£® ±ÜÃâÕâ¸öÎÊÌâµÄ·½·¨ÊÇʹÓà A ¼Ç¼(»òÕßÒ²¿ÉÄÜÊÇһЩÆäËüµÄ£¬ÏñÊÇ
MX ¼Ç¼)À´È¡´úÖ®:
_________________________________________________________________
www A 127.0.0.2
_________________________________________________________________
Paul Vixie, Ö÷ÒªµÄ named ר¼Ò£¬½¨Ò鲻ҪʹÓà CNAME Õâ¸öÉ趨£®
ËùÒÔÓ¦¸Ã¿¼ÂDz»ÒªºÜÈÏÕæµØȥʹÓÃËü£®
½åÓÉÖ´ÐÐ ndc reload ÔØÈëеÄ×ÊÁϿ⣬Õâ»áʹ named ÔÙÒ»´Î¶ÁÈ¡Æäµµ°¸£®
$ nslookup
Default Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
> ls -d linux.bogus
ÕâÒâÖ¸Ó¦¸ÃÁгöËùÓеļǼ
[localhost]
linux.bogus. SOA ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1
99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)
linux.bogus. NS ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus. NS ns.friend.bogus
linux.bogus. MX 10 mail.linux.bogus
linux.bogus. MX 20 mail.friend.bogus
linux.bogus. TXT "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
localhost A 127.0.0.1
mail A 127.0.0.4
mail MX 10 mail.linux.bogus
mail MX 20 mail.friend.bogus
mail HINFO 386sx Linux 1.0.9
donald A 127.0.0.3
donald MX 10 mail.linux.bogus
donald MX 20 mail.friend.bogus
donald HINFO i486 Linux 1.2
donald TXT "DEK"
www CNAME ns.linux.bogus
richard CNAME ns.linux.bogus
ftp A 127.0.0.5
ftp MX 10 mail.linux.bogus
ftp MX 20 mail.friend.bogus
ftp HINFO P6 Linux 1.3.59
ns A 127.0.0.2
ns MX 10 mail.linux.bogus
ns MX 20 mail.friend.bogus
ns HINFO Pentium Linux 1.2
ns TXT "RMS"
linux.bogus. SOA ns.linux.bogus hostmaster.linux.bogus. (1
99511301 28800 7200 604800 86400)
ºÜºÃ£®ÈÃÎÒÃǼì²éËü¶Ô춵¥¶ÀµÄ www »á˵ʲ÷á:
> set q=any
> www.linux.bogus.
Server: localhost
Address: 127.0.0.1
www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus
...»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬www.linux.bogus ÕæÕýµÄÃû³ÆÊÇ ns.linux.bogus£®
linux.bogus nameserver = ns.linux.boguslinux.bogus nameserver = ns.frie
nd.bogusns.linux.bogus internet address = 127.0.0.2
¶ø ns.linux.bogus ÓµÓÐ 127.0.0.2 Õâ¸öλַ£®¿´ÆðÀ´Ò²ºÜºÃ£®
4.3. ¼ÌÐøÉîÈë
µ±È»£¬Õâ¸öÁìÓòÊǸ߶ÈÐéÄâµÄ£¬ÀïÃæËùÓеÄλַҲ¶¼ÊÇ£¬¶øÕâ»òÐí»áÈÃÄãÓÐЩ»ì
Ïý£® ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÒ»¸öÕæʵÀý×ÓÇë¼ûÏÂÒ»½Ú£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
Previous: ÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷
Next: ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
Previous: Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
Next: ά»¤¹¤×÷
_________________________________________________________________
5. ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
ÕâÀïÎÒÃÇÁгöһЩÕæÕýµÄÇøÓòµµ°¸
ʹÓÃÕß½¨ÒéÎÒ¼ÓÉÏÒ»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷µÄÕæʵÀý×Ó£¬ÒòΪÎÒ¶ÔÕæÕý¿ÉÔË×÷µÄÁìÓò¼°ÐéÄâ
¡õÀýÖ®¼ä²î±ð½âÊ͵IJ»¹»Çå³þ£®
¹Øì¶Õâ¸öÀý×ÓÓмþʱØÐëÉùÃ÷: ǧÍò²»Òª°ÑËü·Åµ½ÄãµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷ÉÏ!
°ÑËüµ±×÷²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏÀ´ÔĶÁ¾ÍºÃ£®Èç¹ûÄãÏë×öʵÑ飬ÓÃÉÏÃæÐéÄâµÄÀý×Ó£® ÎÒ¾¹ý
LAND-5 µÄ David Bullock µÄͬÒâ²ÅʹÓÃÕâ¸öÀý×Ó£®ÕâЩµµ°¸µÄÈÕÆÚÊÇ 1996
Äê¾ÅÔ¶þÊ®ÈÕ£¬ Òò´ËÈç¹ûÄãÏÖÔÚ²éѯ LAND-5
µÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷¿ÉÄܻᷢÏÖÓÐËù²»Í¬£® »¹ÓУ¬Çë¼Çס£¬É¾È¥Ç°ÃæµÄ¿Õ°× :-)
5.1. /etc/named.boot (»ò /var/named/named.boot)
ÎÒÃÇ·¢ÏÖÐèÒªÁ½ÐÐ primary µÄ·´ÏòÇøÓò: Ò»¸öÊÇ 127.0.0£¬ÁíÒ»¸öÊÇ LAND-5
µÄ×ÓÍø· 206.6.177£® »¹ÓÐÒ»Ðиø land-5.com
µÄÕýÏòÇøÓò£®»¹ÓÐÒ»µãҪעÒâµÄÊDz»ÏñÎÒÔÚÕâƪÎÄÕÂÀｫµµ°¸·ÅÔÚ pz Ŀ¼À
Ëû½«ËüÃǷŵ½½Ð×ö zone µÄĿ¼£®
_________________________________________________________________
; Boot file for LAND-5 name server
;
directory /var/named
;
; type domain source file or host
cache . root.cache
primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa zone/127.0.0
primary 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa zone/206.6.177
primary land-5.com zone/land-5.com
_________________________________________________________________
5.2. /var/named/root.cache
¼ÇסÕâ¸öµµ°¸ÊǶ¯Ì¬µÄ£¬Õâ±ßÁгöÀ´µÄÊǾɵģ®Äã×îºÃ×Ô¼ºÓà dig
²úÉúÒ»¸öеģ®
_________________________________________________________________
; <<>> DiG 2.1 <<>>
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6
;; flags: qr rd ra; Ques: 1, Ans: 9, Auth: 0, Addit: 9
;; QUESTIONS:
;; ., type = NS, class = IN
;; ANSWERS:
. 518357 NS H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
. 518357 NS A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 222766 A 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 299616 A 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 192.112.36.4
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 165593 A 198.41.0.4
;; Total query time: 250 msec
;; FROM: land-5 to SERVER: default ---- 127.0.0.1
;; WHEN: Fri Sep 20 10:11:22 1996
;; MSG SIZE sent: 17 rcvd: 312
_________________________________________________________________
5.3. /var/named/zone/127.0.0
²»¹ýÊÇ»ù±¾µÄ£¬²»ÄÜÊ¡Â﵀ SOA ¼Ç¼£¬ÒÔ¼°½« 127.0.0.1 Ö¸Ïò localhost
µÄ¼Ç¼£®
Á½Õ߶¼ÊDZØÐëµÄ£®²»Ó¦ÓÐÆäËüµÄ¶«Î÷Ôڴ˵µ°¸ÖУ®Õâ¸öµµ°¸¿ÉÄÜÓÀÔ¶²»±Ø¸üУ¬
³ý·ÇÄãµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷»ò¹ÜÀíÈ˵ØÖ·¸Ä±ä£®
_________________________________________________________________
@ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
199609203 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
7200 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum TTL
NS land-5.com.
1 PTR localhost.
_________________________________________________________________
5.4. /var/named/zone/land-5.com
ÔÚÕâÀïÎÒÃÇ¿´µ½Õâ¸ö±ØÐëµÄ SOA ¼Ç¼£¬±ØÒªµÄ NS ¼Ç¼£®
ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ËüÓÐÒ»¸ö´ÎÒªµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷ì¶ ns2.psi.net£®
ÕâÒ²Ó¦¸ÃÊDZØÒªµÄ£¬×ÜÊDZ£ÓÐÒ»¸ö´ÎÒªµÄËÅ·þÆ÷×öΪ±¸·Ý£® ÎÒÃÇ»¹¿´µ½×öΪ
LAND-5 ¸ºÔðËùÓв»Í¬·þÎñµÄÖ÷»ú£¬ËüÒÔÐí¶àµÄ CNAME ¼Ç¼×öµ½Õâµã
(ÁíÒ»¸ö×ö·¨ÊÇÓà A ¼Ç¼)£®
¾ÍÏñÄã´Ó SOA ¼Ç¼¿´µ½µÄÒ»Ñù£¬ÇøÓòµµ°¸ÒÔ land-5.com ¿ªÊ¼£¬¹ÜÀíÈËÊÇ
root@land-5.com£® ÐòºÅ(serial)ÒÔ yyyymmdd µÄ¸ñʽ¼ÓÉϵ±ÌìµÄºÅÂë;
Ëü¿ÉÄÜÊÇ 1996 Äê¾ÅÔ¶þÊ®ºÅÄÇÌìµÄµÚÁù¸ö°æ±¾µÄÇøÓòµµ°¸£®
Çë¼ÇסÐòºÅ±ØÐëµ¥µ÷µØµÝÔö£¬ÕâÀïËüÖ»ÓÃһλÊý×Ö±íʾµ±ÌìµÄºÅÂ룬
Òò´ËÔڱ༾ŴÎÖ®ááËû±ØÐëµÈµ½Ã÷Ìì²ÅÄÜÔÙ±à¼Õâ¸öµµ°¸£®[Òë×¢]
Òò´ËÓ¦¸Ã¿¼ÂÇÓÃÁ½Î»Êý×Ö£®
[Òë×¢]
¶ÁÕß¿ÉÄÜ»áÆæ¹ÖΪʲ÷á²»ÄÜÓà 1996092010 ?
Õâ¸öÊý×ÖÒ²ÊǵÝÔöµÄ£¬ËùÒÔµ±È»¿ÉÒÔ£®
µ«µ½ÁËÃ÷ÌìµÚÒ»´Î±àµµ°¸Ê±¸ÃÓÃʲ÷áÄØ? Èç¹ûÓÃ
199609211£¬ÄÇ÷áÕâ¸öÊý×Ö¾Í±È 1996092010 ҪСÁË£®
ÕâÑù»áÓÐÂé·³£®Òò´Ë×÷Õß½¨ÒéÓ¦ÓÃÁ½Î»Êý×Ö£¬Èç 1996092006£®
_________________________________________________________________
@ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
199609206 ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
10800 ; refresh, seconds
7200 ; retry, seconds
10800 ; expire, seconds
86400 ) ; minimum, seconds
NS land-5.com.
NS ns2.psi.net.
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Exchanger
localhost A 127.0.0.1
router A 206.6.177.1
land-5.com. A 206.6.177.2
ns CNAME land-5.com.
ftp CNAME land-5.com.
www CNAME land-5.com.
mail CNAME land-5.com.
news CNAME land-5.com.
funn A 206.6.177.3
illusions CNAME funn.land-5.com.
@ TXT "LAND-5 Corporation"
;
; Workstations
;
ws_177200 A 206.6.177.200
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177201 A 206.6.177.201
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177202 A 206.6.177.202
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177203 A 206.6.177.203
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177204 A 206.6.177.204
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177205 A 206.6.177.205
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
ws_177250 A 206.6.177.250
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177251 A 206.6.177.251
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177252 A 206.6.177.252
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177253 A 206.6.177.253
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
ws_177254 A 206.6.177.254
MX 10 land-5.com. ; Primary Mail Host
_________________________________________________________________
ÁíÒ»¼þÖµµÃ×¢ÒâµÄÊÂËùÓеŤ×÷Õ¾¶¼Ã»Óиö±ðµÄÃû³Æ£¬¶øÊÇÓÃÒ»¿ªÍ·¼ÓÉÏ×îááÁ½
λµÄ IP Êý×Ö£®
ÓÃÕâÑùµÄ¹ßÀý¿ÉÒÔ´óÁ¿µØ¼ò»¯Î¬»¤¹¤×÷£¬µ«¿ÉÄÜÓе㲻·½±ã£¬¶øÇÒ£¬ÊÂʵÉÏ¿ÉÄÜ
ÊÇÄãµÄ¿Í»§²»ÂúµÄÀ´Ô´£®
5.5. /var/named/zone/206.6.177
ÎÒ½«ÔÚááÃæ˵Ã÷Õâ¸öµµ°¸£®
_________________________________________________________________
@ IN SOA land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
199609206 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
7200 ; Retry
604800 ; Expire
86400) ; Minimum TTL
NS land-5.com.
NS ns2.psi.net.
;
; Servers
;
1 PTR router.land-5.com.
2 PTR land-5.com.
3 PTR funn.land-5.com.
;
; Workstations
;
200 PTR ws_177200.land-5.com.
201 PTR ws_177201.land-5.com.
202 PTR ws_177202.land-5.com.
203 PTR ws_177203.land-5.com.
204 PTR ws_177204.land-5.com.
205 PTR ws_177205.land-5.com.
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
250 PTR ws_177250.land-5.com.
251 PTR ws_177251.land-5.com.
252 PTR ws_177252.land-5.com.
253 PTR ws_177253.land-5.com.
254 PTR ws_177254.land-5.com.
_________________________________________________________________
·´ÏòÇøÓòËƺõÊÇÕû¸öÉ趨ÖÐ×îÈÃÈËÍ·Í´µÄ²¿·Ý£®ËüÊÇÔÚÄãÓлúÆ÷µÄ IP
Êý×Öʱ²éѯ»úÆ÷Ãû³ÆÓõģ®ÀýÈç: ÄãÓÐÒ»²¿ irc ËÅ·þÆ÷½ÓÊÜ irc
¿Í»§¶ËµÄÁ¬Ïߣ®
µ«ÄãÊÇŲÍþµÄËÅ·þÆ÷Òò´ËÄãֻϣÍû½ÓÊÜÀ´×ÔŲÍþ¼°ÆäËü˹¿°µØÄÇάÑǹú¼ÒµÄÁ¬Ïß
£® µ±Äã½Óµ½À´×Ô¿Í»§¶ËµÄÁ¬Ïßʱ C ³Ìʽ¿âÄܹ»¸æËßÄãÁ¬Ïß»úÆ÷µÄ IP
λַ£¬ÒòΪ¿Í»§¶ËµÄ IP Êý×ÖÊÇ°üº¬ÔÚ´«ÈëµÄÍø··â°üÖеģ®
È»ááÄã¿ÉÒÔºô½ÐÒ»º¯Ê½ gethostbyaddr ÒÔ¸ø¶¨µÄ IP ²éѯ»úÆ÷Ãû³Æ£®
gethostbyaddr º¯Ê½»áÏò DNS ѯÎÊ£¬DNS ¾Í»á³öÈ¥²éѯÕą̂»úÆ÷Ãû³Æ£®
¼ÙÉè¿Í»§¶ËÀ´×Ô ws_177200.land-5.com£¬C ³Ìʽ¿âÌṩ¸ø irc ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ IP ÊÇ
206.6.177.200£® ΪÕÒ³ö»úÆ÷µÄÃû³ÆÎÒÃÇÒª²éѯ
200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa£®DNS ËÅ·þÆ÷Ê×ÏÈÕÒµ½¸ºÔð arpa. µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£®
È»ááÕÒµ½ in-addr.arpa. µÄËÅ·þÆ÷£¬ÔÙÀ´ÊÇ·´¹ýÀ´µÄ 206£¬È»ááÊÇ 6£¬
×îááÕÒµ½ÔÚ LAND-5 ¸ºÔð 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa ÇøÓòµÄËÅ·þÆ÷£®
ÓÉ´ËÎÒÃǵõ½ 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa µÄ´ð°¸ÊÇ 'PTR
ws_177200.land-5.com' ¼Ç¼£¬ ÒâÖ¸ÓµÓÐ IP 206.6.177.200 µÄÃû³ÆÊÇ
ws_177200.land-5.com£® ²»¹ý¾ÍÏñÔÚ½âÊÍ prep.ai.mit.edu
ÈçºÎ²éѯʱËù˵£¬Õâ¹ý³ÌÉÔ΢Óе㲻¶Ô£®
»Øµ½ irc ËÅ·þÆ÷µÄÀý×Ó£®irc
ËÅ·þÆ÷Ö»½ÓÔÙÀ´×Ô˹¿°µØÄÇάÑǹú¼ÒµÄÁ¬Ïߣ¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇ£¬ *.no, *.se,
*.dk£®ws_177200.land-5.com Õâ¸öÃû×ÖÏÔÈ»²¢²»·ûºÏÈκÎÕâЩ£®
Òò´ËËÅ·þÆ÷»á¾Ü¾øÁ¬Ïߣ®Èç¹ûûÓоÓÉ in-addr.arpa ÇøÓòµ½ 206.2.177.200
µÄ·´Ïò¶ÔÓ¦£¬ ËÅ·þÆ÷½«ÎÞ·¨²éµ½»úÆ÷Ãû³Æ¶ø½«»áÄà 206.2.177.200 À´ºÍ *.no,
*.se ¼° *.dk ±È½Ï£¬µ±È»ÕÒ²»µ½·ûºÏµÄ£®
ÓÐЩÈË»á¸æËßÄã·´Ïò¶ÔÓ¦²éѯֻ¶ÔËÅ·þÆ÷ÖØÒª£¬»òÊÇÒ»µãÒ²²»ÖØÒª£® µ±È»²»ÊÇ:
Ðí¶à ftp, news, irc ÉõÖÁ http ËÅ·þÆ÷½«²»½ÓÊÜÎÞ·¨²éµ½Ãû³ÆµÄ»úÆ÷Á¬Ïߣ®
Òò´ËÊÂʵÉÏ»úÆ÷µÄ·´ÏòÃû³Æ¶ÔÓ¦ÊDZØÐëµÄ£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
Previous: Ò»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄÁìÓò
Next: ά»¤¹¤×÷ DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ά»¤¹¤×÷
Previous: ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
Next: Bind version 8
_________________________________________________________________
6. ά»¤¹¤×÷
ά³ÖËüµÄÔË×÷£®
ά³ÖËüÃǵļÌÐøÖ´ÐÐÖ®Í⣬¶Ôì¶ named Ä㻹Óиöά»¤µÄÈÎÎñµÃÒª×ö£®
ÄǾÍÊÇά³Ö root.cache µµ°¸µÄ¸üУ®×î¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨ÊÇʹÓà dig ³Ìʽ£¬
Ê×ÏȲ»¼ÓÈκβÎÊýÖ´ÐÐ dig ³Ìʽ£¬Ä㽫»áÈ¡µÃ´ÓÄã×Ô¼ºËÅ·þÆ÷µÃµ½µÄ
root.cache£® È»ááÒÔ dig @rootserver . ns
²éÎÊËùÁгöµÄ¸ùËÅ·þÆ÷ÆäÖÐÖ®Ò»£® Ä㽫»á×¢Òâµ½Õâ·ÝÊä³ö¿´ÆðÀ´·Ç³£µØÏñÒ»¸ö
root.cache µµ°¸£¬³ýÁËÒ»¶Ñ¶îÍâµÄÊý×ÖÒÔÍ⣮ÕâЩÊý×Ö²»»áÓÐʲ÷á·Á°£®
°ÑËü´æ·Åµ½µµ°¸Àï(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns
>root.cache.new)²¢ÇÒÓÃËüÀ´È¡´úÔ±¾¾ÉµÄ root.cache µµ°¸£®
È¡´úÁËÔÏȵĵµ°¸Ö®ááÒª¼ÇµÃÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ named ³Ìʽ£®
Al Longyear ¼Ä¸øÎÒÕâ¸öÖ¸Áî¸å£¬Ëü¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Ö´ÐÐÀ´¸üÐÂ
named.cache£¬ÎªËü°²×°¸ö crontab ÏîÄ¿È»ááÍüÁËËü£®
Õâ¸öÖ¸Áî¸å¼ÙÉèÄãµÄµç×ÓÓʼþ¿ÉÒÔÔË×÷¶øÇÒ `hostmaster'
Õâ¸öÓʼþ±ðÃûÓж¨Ò壮ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÐÞ¶©ËüÒÔ±ã·ûºÏÄãµÄÉ趨£®
_________________________________________________________________
#!/bin/sh
#
# Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
# This is run automatically by a cron entry.
#
(
echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
echo "From: system <root>"
echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.boot file"
echo
export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
cd /var/named
dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.cache.new
echo "The named.boot file has been updated to contain the following informatio
n:"
echo
cat root.cache.new
chown root.root root.cache.new
chmod 444 root.cache.new
rm -f root.cache.old
mv root.cache root.cache.old
mv root.cache.new root.cache
ndc restart
echo
echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete.
"
echo "The previous root.cache file is now called /var/named/root.cache.old."
) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
exit 0
_________________________________________________________________
ÓÐЩÈË¿ÉÄÜÓà ftp ´Ó Internic µÃµ½ root.cache µµ°¸£® Çë²»ÒªÓà ftp
À´¸üРroot.cache£¬ÉÏÃæÌáµ½µÄ·½·¨¸üΪ±ãÀû£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ά»¤¹¤×÷
Previous: ÕæʵÁìÓòµÄÀý×Ó
Next: Bind version 8 DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Bind version 8
Previous: ά»¤¹¤×÷
Next: ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
_________________________________________________________________
7. Bind version 8
Bind version 8 ÊÇ×îÐ嵀 bind ¼¼Êõ£®ÎÒ»¹Ã»Óг¢ÊÔʹÓ㬵« David E. Smith
<dave@bureau42.ml.org> ÓУ®ËûдÁËÕâС½ÚµÄÆäâŲ¿·Ý£®
ûÓÐÌ«¶àµÄ²»Í¬£®³ýÁËʹÓà named.conf ¶ø²»ÊÇ named.boot, ÆäâŶ¼Ïàͬ£®
¶øÇÒ bind 8 °üº¬ÁËÒ»¸ö perl Ö¸Áî¸åÀ´½«¾É¸ñʽµÄµµ°¸×ª»»³Éеģ®
ÀýÈçÒ»·ÝÔÝ´æרÓÃÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ named.boot (¾É¸ñʽ):
_________________________________________________________________
directory /var/named
cache . root.hint
primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA 127.0.0.zone
primary localhost localhost.zone
_________________________________________________________________
ÔÚÖ¸ÁîÁÐÏ£¬ì¶ bind8/src/bin/named Ŀ¼ÖмüÈë:
_________________________________________________________________
named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf
_________________________________________________________________
Õâ»á²úÉú named.conf:
_________________________________________________________________
// generated by named-bootconf.pl
options {
directory "/var/named";
};
zone "." {
type hint;
file "root.hint";
};
zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
type master;
file "127.0.0.zone";
};
zone "localhost" {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
};
_________________________________________________________________
Ëü½« named.boot ÖеÄÿÑù¶«Î÷¶¼×ª»»¹ýÀ´£¬È»¶øËü²¢Î´¼ÓÈëËùÓÐ bind 8
ËùÔÊÐíµÄÐÂÇ¿»¯¼°ÅäÖÃÑ¡Ï ÕâÀïÓзݽÏÍêÕûµÄ named.conf
×öͬÑùµÄÊ£¬µ«ÊÇЧÂʸüºÃÒ»µã£®
_________________________________________________________________
// This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
// It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
// The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
// comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
// already had the zone files in /var/named.
options {
directory "/var/named";
check-names master warn; /* default. */
datasize 20M;
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
check-names fail;
allow-update { none; };
allow-transfer { any; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "127.0.0.zone";
check-names fail;
allow-update { none; };
allow-transfer { any; };
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "root.hint";
};
_________________________________________________________________
bind8/src/bin/named/test
ÀïÓÐÕâ¸ö¡õÀý£¬ÒÔ¼°ÁìÓòµµ°¸µÄ¿½±´£¬Ðí¶àÈË¿ÉÒÔÖ±½ÓÄÃÀ´ÐÞ¸ÄʹÓã®
ÁìÓòµµ°¸¼° root.hint (root.cache) ÍêÈ«Ïàͬ£¬¸üÐÂËüÃǵÄÖ¸ÁîÒ²ÊÇ£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : Bind version 8
Previous: ά»¤¹¤×÷
Next: ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨 DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
Previous: Bind version 8
Next: ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
_________________________________________________________________
8. ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
ÕâÒ»½Ú½âÊÍÎÒÈçºÎÉ趨ÒÔ±ãÈÃÿ¸ö¹ý³Ì×Ô¶¯»¯£®
Îҵķ½·¨¿ÉÄÜÒ»µã¶¼²»ÊʺÏÄ㣬µ«ÊÇÄã¿ÉÄÜ´ÓÎÒËù×÷µÄһЩÊÂÇéÀïµÃµ½Ò»Ð©µã×Ó
£® ͬʱ£¬ÎÒʹÓà PPP ²¦½Ó£¬È»¶øÓÐÐí¶àÈËʹÓà slip »òÊÇ cslip Á¬Ïß·½Ê½£¬
ËùÒÔÄãµÄÉ趨ÀＸºõÿ¸öµØ·½¶¼¿ÉÄܸúÎҵIJ»Í¬£® µ«ÊÇ slip ʹÓÃµÄ dip
³ÌʽӦ¸ÃÄܹ»Íê³ÉÎÒËù×÷µÄÐí¶àÊÂÇ飮
Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬µ±ÎÒûÓÐÁ¬ÉÏÍø·ʱÎÒµÄ resolv.conf µµ°¸µ¥´¿µØ°üº¬ÕâÒ»ÐÐ
domain uio.no
ÕâÈ·±£ÎÒ²»±ØµÈ´ýÖ÷»úÃû³Æ½âÎöº¯Ê½¿âÈ¥³¢ÊÔÁªÏµÄ³Ì¨²»¿ÉÄÜ°ïÖúÎÒµÄÃû³ÆËÅ·þ
Æ÷£® µ«Êǵ±ÎÒÁ¬ÉÏÏßµÄʱºòÎÒÏëÒªÆðʼÎÒµÄ named
²¢ÇÒÓµÓÐÒ»¸ö¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÇ°ÃæËùÃèÊöµÄ resolv.conf µµ°¸£® ÎÒ½åÓɱ£³ÖÁ½·Ý
resolv.conf µÄ¡®Ñù°å¡¯µµ°¸£¬resolv.conf.local ÒÔ¼°
resolv.conf.connected À´½â¾öÎÊÌ⣮ ááÃæÕâÒ»¸ö¿´ÆðÀ´ÏñÇ°ÃæËùÃèÊö¹ýµÄ
resolv.conf µµ°¸£®
Òª×Ô¶¯»¯Á¬Ïßµ½Íø·µÄ¹ý³ÌÎÒÖ´ÐÐÒ»¸ö³ÆΪ `ppp-on' µÄÖ¸Áî¸å:
_________________________________________________________________
#!/bin/sh
echo calling...
pppd
_________________________________________________________________
pppd Óиö³ÆΪ options µÄµµ°¸£¬Ëü¸æËß pppd ÈçºÎÈ¡µÃÁ¬ÏßµÄһЩÌØÊâÊÂÏ
Ò»µ©ÎÒµÄ ppp Á¬ÏßÍê³Éáá pppd Æðʼһ¸ö³ÆΪ ip-up µÄÖ¸Áî(ÕâÔÚ pppd
µÄÏßÉÏʹÓÃÊÖ²áÀïÓÐÃèÊö)£® ÕâÀïÊǸÃÖ¸Áî¸åÀïÃæµÄÒ»²¿·Ý:
_________________________________________________________________
#!/bin/sh
interface="$1"
device="$2"
speed="$3"
myip="$4"
upip="$5"
...
cp -v /etc/resolv.conf.connected /etc/resolv.conf
...
/usr/sbin/named
_________________________________________________________________
»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬ÎÒÔÚÕâÀïÆðʼÎÒµÄ named ³Ìʽ£®µ± ppp ÀëÏßʱ pppd Ö´ÐÐÒ»¸ö³ÆΪ
ip-down µÄÖ¸Áî¸å:
_________________________________________________________________
#!/bin/sh
cp /etc/resolv.conf.local /etc/resolv.conf
read namedpid < /var/run/named.pid
kill $namedpid
_________________________________________________________________
ËùÒÔÕâÔÚÁ¬ÏßʱÅäÖò¢É趨Ïà¹ØÊÂÒ˲¢ÇÒÔÚÀëÏßʱ½â³ý¸ÃÅäÖò¢½áÊøÏà¹Ø³Ìʽ£®
ijЩ³Ìʽ£¬ÀýÈçÎÒÏëÆð irc Óë
talk£¬×öÁ˹ý¶àµÄ¼Ù¶¨£¬ÎªÁËÈÃÆ乤×÷Õý³£Äã±ØÐëÐÞ¸ÄÄãµÄ hosts µµ°¸£® ÎÒÔÚ
ip-up ÉϼÓÈë
_________________________________________________________________
cp /etc/hosts.ppp /etc/hosts
echo $myip roke >>/etc/hosts
_________________________________________________________________
hosts.ppp ÊǼòµ¥µØ°üº¬ÁË
_________________________________________________________________
127.0.0.1 localhost
_________________________________________________________________
¶ø echo Ö¸Áî²åÈëÁËÎÒÊÕµ½µÄ IP ºÅÂë×öΪÎÒ»úÆ÷µÄÃû³Æ(roke)£®
ÄãÓ¦¸Ã¸ÄÓÃÄã×Ô¼º»úÆ÷µÄÃû³Æ£¬¿ÉÒÔÓà hostname Ö¸Áî²é³ö£®
µ±ÄãûÓÐÁ¬Ïßµ½Íø·ÉÏʱִÐÐ named ¿ÉÄܲ¢²»´ÏÃ÷£¬ ÕâÊÇÒòΪ named
½«»á³¢ÊÔËͳö²éѯµ½Íø·É϶øÇÒÆäÖÕֹʱÏÞ(timeout)ºÜ³¤£¬
¶øÿ´ÎÓÐijЩ¸ö³Ìʽ³¢ÊÔ½âÎöÒ»¸öÃû³ÆµÄʱºòÄã¾ÍµÃµÈ´ýµ½Õâ¸öÖÕֹʱÏÞ£®
Èç¹ûÄãʹÓò¦½ÓµÄ»°ÄãÓ¦¸ÃÔÚÁ¬ÉÏÍøʱÆðʼ named ²¢ÇÒÔÚÀëÏßʱɱµôËü£®
²»¹ýÇë²Î¿¼ FAQ Ò»½ÚµÄÌáʾ£®
ijЩÈËϲ»¶ÔÚÂýËÙµÄÁ¬ÏßÉÏʹÓà forwarders Ö¸Á
Èç¹ûÄãµÄÍø¼ÊÍø·ÌṩÕßÔÚ 1.2.3.4 ÒÔ¼° 1.2.3.5 ÉèÓÐ DNS
ËÅ·þÆ÷ÄÇ÷áÄã¿ÉÒÔ²åÈëÕâ÷áÒ»ÐÐ
_________________________________________________________________
forwarders 1.2.3.4 1.2.3.5
_________________________________________________________________
µ½ named.boot µµ°¸ÀïÈ¥£® Õ⽫»á¼õµÍÔ´×ÔÄãÖ÷»úµÄ IP
Á÷Á¿£¬¿ÉÄÜÉÔ΢ÌáÉýËٶȣ®Èç¹ûÄãÊÇÒÀÏß·µÄ×ÊÁÏÁ¿¸¶·ÑµÄ»°ÕâµãÌرðÖØÒª£®
Õ⻹Óиö¸½¼Ó¼ÛÖµ£¬ÈÃÄãÍÑÀë×÷Ϊһ¸öÔÝ´æµÄ named ά»¤ÕßËùÓ¦¸ºÆðµÄÔðÈÎ:
Äã²»ÐèҪȥ¸üÐÂÒ»¸ö¿ÕµÄ root.cache µµ°¸£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
Previous: Bind version 8
Next: ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
Previous: ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
Next: ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö´óÐ굀 DNS ¹ÜÀíÕß
_________________________________________________________________
9. ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
±¾½ÚÖÐÎÒ½«ÁгöһЩ¹Øì¶ DNS ÒÔ¼°±¾Îļþ×î³£±»Ìá³öµÄÎÊÌ⣮»¹Óнâ´ð :-)
ÔÚдПøÎÒÇ°ÇëÏÈÔĶÁ¹ý±¾½Ú£®
1. ÈçºÎÔÚ·À»ðǽ֮ÄÚʹÓà DNS ?
һЩÌáʾ: `forwarders', `slave', ÒÔ¼°²Î¿¼±¾Îļþ×îááÃæµÄÎÄÏ×ÁÐ±í£®
2. ÈçºÎÀûÓà DNS ÌṩµÄ¿ÉÓÃλַì¶Ä³Ò»·þÎñ£¬Èç www.busy.site£¬
ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ººÉƽºâ»òÀàËƵÄЧ¹û?
Ϊ www.busy.site ¼ÓÉÏÐí¶à A ¼Ç¼£¬¶øÇÒʹÓà bind 4.9.3
»òÒÔááµÄ°æ±¾£® ÕâÑù bind »áʹÓà round-robin
ÑÝËã·¨ÕÒÑ°´ð°¸£®Õâ²»ÄÜÔÚ¸üÔç°æ±¾µÄ bind ÉϹ¤×÷£®
3. ÎÒÏëÔÚÒ»·â±ÕµÄ Intranet ÉϼÜÉè DNS£®ÎÒ¸ÃÔõ÷á×ö?
°ÑÔÝ´æµµ°¸¶ªµôÖ»ÁôÇøÓòµµ°¸£®ÕâÒ²±íʾÄ㽫²»ÐèÒª¸üÐÂÔÝ´æµµ°¸£®
4. ÎÒµÄϵͳûÓÐ ndc ³Ìʽ£®ÎÒ¸ÃÔõ÷á°ì?
ÄãµÄϵͳ°²×°¹ýÒ»¾ÉµÄ£¬¿ÉÄܹýÆÚµÄ bind ³Ìʽ£® Èç¹û°²È«ÐÔ¶ÔÄãºÜÖØÒª:
Á¢¿Ì½« bind Éý¼¶£®Èç¹û²»ÊÇ£¬ÄãÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÕâ¾ÉµÄ£® Äã¿ÉÖ±½ÓÖ´ÐÐ named
¶ø²»ÊÇ ndc start£® ndc reload ±ä³É named.reload ¶ø ndc restart
±ä³É named.restart£® ËùÓÐÕâЩ³Ìʽ¿ÉÄܶ¼ÔÚ /usr/sbin À
5. ÈçºÎ½¨Á¢´ÎÒªÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷?
Èç¹ûÖ÷ÒªÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷µÄµØÖ·ÊÇ 127.0.0.1£¬ ÔÚÄãµÄ´ÎÒªÃû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷µÄ
named.boot µµ°¸ÖзÅÒ»ÐÐ:
_____________________________________________________________
secondary linux.bogus 127.0.0.1 sz/linux.bogus
_____________________________________________________________
6. ÎÒÏ£ÍûÀëÏßʱ bind ÈÔ¼ÌÐøÖ´ÐУ®
ÎÒÊÕµ½À´×Ô Ian Clark <ic@deakin.edu.au> µÄÐżþ½âÊÍËûÈçºÎ°ìµ½Õâµã£®
I run named on my 'Masquerading' machine here. I have
two root.cache files, one called root.cache.real which contains
the real root server names and the other called root.cache.fake
which contains...
--------------
; root.cache.fake
; this file contains no information
--------------
When I go off line I copy the root.cache.fake file to root.cache and
restart named.
When I go online I copy root.cache.real to root.cache and restart
named.
This is done from ip-down & ip-up respectively.
The first time I do a query off line on a domain name named doesn't
have details for it puts an entry like this in messages..
Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN
which I can live with.
It certainly seems to work for me. I can use the nameserver for
local machines while off the 'net without the timeout delay for
external domain names and I while on the 'net queries for external
domains work normally
7. Ãû³ÆËÅ·þÆ÷½«ÔÝ´æ×ÊÁϱ£´æÔÚÄǶù? ÓÐÈκη½·¨¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆËüµÄ´óСÂð?
ËùÓеÄÔÝ´æ×ÊÁ϶¼±£´æÔÚ¼ÇÒäÌåÖУ¬ÈκÎʱ¿ÌËü¶¼²»»á±»Ð´Èë´ÅµúÖУ®
ÿ´ÎÄãɱµô named
ʱÕâЩÔÝ´æ×ÊÁϾÍûÓÐÁË£®Ã»ÓÐÈκη½·¨¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆÔÝ´æ×ÊÁÏ£® named
ÓÃһЩ¼òµ¥µÄ·¨ÔòÀ´¹ÜÀíËü£®Äã²»ÄÜÓÃÈκÎÀíÓÉÈκη½·¨¿ØÖÆÔÝ´æ×ÊÁÏ»òÆä
´óС£® Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûÈç´ËÄã¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÈ¥¸Ä named
µÄ³Ìʽ£®²»¹ý×îºÃ±ðÕâ÷á×ö£®
8. ÈçºÎÔÚÖØÐÂÆðʼ named Ö®¼ä±£´æÔÝ´æ×ÊÁÏ? ÎÒ¿ÉÒÔ°ÑËü´æÏÂÀ´Âð?
²»! named ±»É±µôʱ²»»á±£ÁôÔÝ´æ×ÊÁÏ£®
Õâ¾ÍÊÇ˵ÔÝ´æ×ÊÁϱØÐëÔÚÿ´ÎÄãɱµô²¢ÖØÐÂÆðʼ named ááÖØн¨Á¢£®
ûÓа취Èà named ½«ÔÝ´æ×ÊÁÏ´æµ½µµ°¸À
Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûÈç´ËÄã¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¼ºÈ¥¸Ä named µÄ³Ìʽ£®²»¹ý×îºÃ±ðÕâ÷á×ö£®
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
Previous: ²¦½ÓÁ¬ÏßµÄ×Ô¶¯É趨
Next: ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö´óÐ굀 DNS ¹ÜÀíÕß DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ :
ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö´óÐ굀 DNS ¹ÜÀíÕß
Previous: ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
Next: DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
_________________________________________________________________
10. ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö´óÐ굀 DNS ¹ÜÀíÕß
ÎļþÒÔ¼°¹¤¾ß
´æÔÚÕæÕýµÄÎļþ£®ÔÚÏßÉϵĻòÊÇÓ¡ºÃµÄ£®Òª¿ç³öÓÉСÐÍ DNS µ½´óÐÍ DNS
¹ÜÀíÕßµÄÒ»²½ÔĶÁ¼¸·ÝÕâЩÎļþÊDZØÒªµÄ£® Ó¡ºÃµÄ±ê×¼²Î¿¼ÊéÊÇ DNS and BIND
by C. Liu and P. Albitz from O'Reilly & Associates, Sebastopol, CA,
ISBN 0-937175-82-X£® ÎÒ¶Á¹ý£¬ËüºÜ°ô£®ÔÚÁíÒ»±¾ TCP/IP Network
Administration, by Craig Hunt from O'Reilly..., ISBN 0-937175-82-X
ÓÐÒ»½ÚÊǹØì¶ DNS µÄ£®ÁíÒ»±¾¶Ô¹ÜÀí DNS
ºÜºÃµÄ(»òÕßÊǶÔÈκÎÕâÒ»À๤×÷¶¼ºÜºÃ)ÊéÔòÊÇ Zen and the Art of
Motorcycle Maintenance, ×÷Õß Robert M. Prisig ÊéºÅ ISBN 0688052304£®
ÏßÉϵÄ×ÊÁÏÄã¿ÉÒÔÔÚÕâÀïÕÒµ½ http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/,
http://www.isc.org/bind.html; ³£¼ûÎÊÌ⼯£¬²Î¿¼ÊÖ²á(BOG; Bind
Operations Guide)ÊÇж¨µÄ¶¨ÒåÒÔ¼° DNS Ñо¿µÄÎÄÏ×£®
ÕâЩÎļþÎҴ󲿷ÖûÓÐÔĶÁ¹ý£¬µ«ÊÇÒò´ËÎÒ²»ÊǸö´óÐÍ DNS ¹ÜÀíÕߣ® ÁíÒ»·½Ãæ
Arnt Gulbrandsen ÒѾ¶Á¹ý BOG ¶øÇҶԴ˺ÜÊìïþ :-)£® Íø·ÐÂÎÅÌÖÂÛȺ
comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains ÊÇÓÐ¹Ø DNS µÄÌÖÂÛȺ£® ´ËÍ⻹Óкü¸·Ý¹Øì¶
DNS µÄ RFCs£¬×îÖØÒªµÄ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÕâЩ:
RFC 2052
A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location
of services (DNS SRV), October 1996
RFC 1918
Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear,
Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.
RFC 1912
D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors,
02/28/1996.
RFC 1713
A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.
RFC 1712
C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding
of Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.
RFC 1183
R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR
Definitions, 10/08/1990.
RFC 1035
P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and
specification, 11/01/1987.
RFC 1034
P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities,
11/01/1987.
RFC 1033
M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.
RFC 1032
M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.
RFC 974
C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.
_________________________________________________________________
DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ : ÈçºÎ³ÉΪһ¸ö´óÐ굀 DNS ¹ÜÀíÕß
Previous: ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ½â´ð
Next: DNS HOWTO ÖÐÒë°æ
--
¡ù À´Ô´:¡¤BBS ˮľÇ廪վ bbs.net.tsinghua.edu.cn¡¤[FROM: 159.226.41.99]
BBSˮľÇ廪վ¡Ã¾«»ªÇø