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0 ǰÑÔ
0.1 ʲôÊÇLinux?
0.2 ±¾ÊÖ²á¸ÅÊö
0.3 ËÙ²éÐÅÏ¢
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1 Red Hat Linux 5.1ÐÂÌØÐÔ
1.1 °²×°ÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
1.1.1 ¸Ä½øµÄ°²×°Ö¸ÄÏ
1.1.2 ÍøÂçÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
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1.2.1.1 Ìṩ»ùÓÚWebµÄLinuxconf·ÃÎÊ
1.2.2 ¸Ä½øÁ˼±¾ÈÅÌ
1.2.3 Initscriptµµ°¸
1.3 ÆäËûÐÂÌØÐÔ
1.3.1 ÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
1.3.2 еıàÒë¼¼Êõegcs
1.3.3 Ìæ´úxvµÄй¤¾ß
2 ¿ªÊ¼Ö®Ç°
2.1 È¡µÃ˵Ã÷Êé
2.2 È¡µÃÕýÈ·µÄRed Hat Linux²¿¼þ
2.2.1 ºÐ×°Red Hat LinuxÇåµ¥
2.2.1.1 °²×ªÖ¸ÄÏ
2.2.1.2 Alpha°²×°¸½Â¼
2.2.1.3 CD1ºÍ2
2.2.1.4 Linux Vending Machine CD
2.2.1.5 Æô¶¯ÈíÅÌ
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2.2.4 ¼ì²éÐ޸ĹýµÄDiskette Images
2.3 Äã±ØÐëÖªµÀµÄÊÂÇé
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2.6 Ó²ÅÌ·ÖÇø
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2.6.2 ÖØÐ·ÖÇøµÄ²ßÂÔ
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3 ¿ªÊ¼°²×°
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3.2 ¿ªÊ¼°²×°³ÌÐò
3.2.1 Æô¶¯°²×°³ÌÐò
3.3 ¿ªÊ¼°²×°
3.3.1 Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖÓïÑÔ
3.3.2 Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ¼üÅÌ·½Ê½
3.3.3 PCMCIAÖ§³Ö
3.4 Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½
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3.4.2 ͨ¹ýNFS°²×°
3.4.3 ÍøÂçÇý¶¯Æ÷ÉèÖÃ
3.4.4 ÉèÖÃTCP/IPÍøÂç
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3.4.6 ´ÓÓ²Å̰²×°
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4 ¼ÌÐø°²×°
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4.3 ΪRed Hat Linux´´½¨·ÖÇø
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4.3.1.2 'Drive Summaries'ÇøÓò
4.3.1.3 Disk DruidµÄ°´Å¥
4.3.1.4 ¿ì½Ý¼ü
4.3.1.5 Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø
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4.3.1.7 ±à¼Ò»¸ö·ÖÇø
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5 ½áÊø°²×°
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5.2 ÅäÖÃX Windows
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6 ÏÖÔÚ¸Éʲô?
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6.1.2 Õë¶Ô¸üÓоÑéµÄLinuxÓû§µÄÎĵµ
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6.2 »ù±¾µÄϵͳÈÎÎñ
6.2.1 Æô¶¯ÄãµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ
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6.2.3.3 suÃüÁî
6.2.4 ¹Ø±ÕÄãµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ
6.3 X Windowϵͳ
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6.6.1 ÍòÎ¬Íøä¯ÀÀÆ÷
6.6.2 ÍòÎ¬Íø·þÎñÆ÷
7 ѰÕÒÎĵµ
7.1 ÔÚÏß°ïÖú
7.1.1 Man Pages
7.1.1.1 ÈçºÎÔĶÁMan Page
7.1.2 °üµÄÎĵµ
7.1.3 HOWTOºÍFAQ
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7.2 ´ÓÒòÌØÍøµÃµ½°ïÖú
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8 ÓÃRPM½øÐÐÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí
8.1 RPMÉè¼ÆÄ¿±ê
8.2 ʹÓÃRPM
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9 ¿ØÖÆÃæ°å
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10 Glint
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11 ϵͳ¹ÜÀí
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11.9 Boot, InitºÍShutdown ¹ý³ÌµÄÃèÊö
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11.9.2 ϵͳ V µÄInit¹ý³Ì
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A È¡µÃ¼¼ÊõÖ§³Ö
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D ͨÓòÎÊý
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E Red Hat Linux³£¼ûÎÊÌâ
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E.2 ¿±Îó±í
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1.2 ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
1.3 ÆäËûÐÂÌØÐÔ
1.1 °²×°ÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
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1.1.1 ¸Ä½øµÄ°²×°ÊÖ²á
Red Hat Linux 5.1°²×°ÊÖ²á×öÁËÒÔϸĽø:
¸Ä½øÁ˰²×°ÕÂ½Ú -- ¹ØÓÚRed Hat Linux°²×°µÄÕ½ÚÒѾÀ©³ä, ¼Ó ½øÁ˸ü¶àµÄ
ϸ½ÚºÍ±í¸ñ.
еÄÕÂ½Ú -- ΪÁËһЩ³£¼ûµÄÎÊÌâ¼ÓÁËÒ»¸öеÄÕÂ½Ú -- 'ÏÖÔÚ¸Éʲô?'.
ȫеij£¼ûÎÊÌâ -- ¸½Â¼ E °üº¬ ÁËÒ»×éȫеij£¼ûÎÊÌâ. Èç¹ûÄúÓöµ½ÄÑÌâ(°²×°
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1.1.2 ÍøÂçÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
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1.1.6 'fstab editor'¹¦ÄÜ
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1.2 ϵͳ¹ÜÀíÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
Red Hat Linux 5.1ÓÐÒÔÏÂϵͳ¹ÜÀíµÄÌØÐÔ:
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InitscriptÎĵµ
1.2.1 ÏÖÔÚ°üÀ¨ÁËLinuxconf
Red Hat Linux 5.1ÏÖÔÚÖ§³Ölinuxconf½øÐÐÐí¶àϵͳÅäÖù¤×÷. LinuxconfÊÇÒ»
¸öÈ«ÐÔÄܵÄϵͳÅäÖù¤¾ß. ËüÊÇÓÉJacques Gelinas±àдµÄ.
Ëü¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÒÔÏÂÓû§½ç Ãæ¹ÜÀíϵͳÅäÖõĴó¶àÊý·½Ãæ:
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Character-Cell -- ºÍRed Hat Linux°²×°³ÌÐòʹÓÃÏàͬµÄÓû§½çÃæ,
character-cell½çÃæÊ¹Äú¼´Ê¹²»ÔËÐÐXÒ²¿ÉÒÔ·½±ãµÄÓÃlinuxconfµ¼
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»ùÓÚWeb -- Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚWebµÄ½çÃæÊ¹µÃÔ¶³Ì¹ÜÀíÇá¶øÒ×¾Ù.
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DISPLAY»·¾³±äÁ¿ÒÔcharacter-cell»òXģʽÆô¶¯. ÄúµÚÒ»´ÎÔËÐÐ
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1.2.3 InitscriptÎĵµ
Red Hat LinuxÓà /etc/sysconfigÎļþ¿ØÖÆÆô¶¯Ê±µÄÅäÖÃ. ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢ µÚÒ»´ÎÔÚÎÄ
µµÖÐÅú¶. Çë²Î¼û11.9½Ú.
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These new features defy categorization:
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еıàÒë¼¼Êõegcs
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1.3.1 ÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÐÔÄܵÄÌá¸ß
Red Hat Linux 5.1ÏÖÔÚ°üº¬Á÷ÐеÄAfterStepÊÓ´°¹ÜÀíÆ÷. wmconfig ¹¤¾ßÒ²ÒÑ
¾ÔöÇ¿. ²Î¼ûwmconfig°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢.
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ÒëÆ÷Ö®ºóÐÂÒ»´úµÄ±àÒëÆ÷.
Command
Compi
ler
cc
gcc
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ÃüÁîµÄmakeÎļþ¶¼±ØÐè¸ÄΪg++.
1.3.3 È¡´úxvµÄй¤¾ß
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2.È·ÐÅÄúÓа²×°Red Hat LinuxËùÐèµÄ²¿¼þ.
3.È·ÐÅÄúÖªµÀÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úµÄÓ²¼þÅäÖúÍÍøÂçÐÅÏ¢.
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5.¾ö¶¨ÔÚÄúµÄÓ²Å̵ĺδ¦·ÅRed Hat Linux.
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2.2 È¡µÃÕýÈ·µÄRed Hat Linux²¿¼þ
2.3 Äã±ØÐèÖªµÀµÄÊÂÇé
2.4 °²×°µÄ·½Ê½
2.5 ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÈíÅÌ?
2.6 Ó²ÅÌ·ÖÇø
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2.9 ×îºóµÄ×¢Òâµã
2.1 È¡µÃ˵Ã÷Êé
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Hat SoftwareµÄ Linux UndercoverºÍLinux Complete Command
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2.2.1 ºÐ×°Red Hat Linux BoxedÇåµ¥
ºÐ×°Red Hat Linux boxed°üÀ¨ÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ:
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[Alphaϵͳ: Alpha°²×°¸½Â¼.]
Red Hat Linux CD 1 ºÍ 2.
[Intelϵͳ: The Linux Vending Machine CD.]
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Red Hat Linux°²×°Ö¸ÄϾÍÊÇÄúÏÖÔÚÕýÔÚ¶ÁµÄ¶«Î÷. Ëü°üº¬Á˰²×°Red Hat Linux Ëù
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2.2.1.3 CD 1 ºÍ 2
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ÖÆµÄ°ü(°üÀ¨Intel, AlphaºÍSPARC). CD 2 °üº¬Ô´³ÌÐò.
2.2.1.4 Linux Vending Machine CD
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READMEÎļþ.
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2.2.1.5 Æô¶¯ÅÌ
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2.ÄúÔÚ°²×°Ê±ÐèÒªÓõÄPCMCIAÉ豸ÀàÐÍ.
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http://www.redhat.com/hardware Ö§³ÖÓ²¼þÇåµ¥ÒԵõ½¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢.
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2.4.2 ´ÓCD-ROM°²×°
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2.4.2.1 ÈçºÎ×ö
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ÅÌ). »¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ´ÓCD-ROM°²×°µÄ·½Ê½²»ÐèÒªÈíÅÌ, µ«ÒªÇóϵ
ͳÕýÔÚÔËÐÐDOS. ÎÒÃÇ ½«ÔÚµÚ3ÕÂÌÖÂÛÕâÖÖ·½Ê½(³ÆÎªautoboot). ÏÖÔÚ, ×¢ÒâʹÓÃ
autoboot²»Ö§³ÖPCMCIA.
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²¢²»ÊÇËùÓмÆËã»úÖ§³ÖÕâÒ»ÌØÐÔ, ËùÒÔÈç¹ûÄú²»ÄÜÓÃCD-ROM
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Õâ¸öÌØÐÔ.]
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2.4.3 ´ÓFTPÕ¾µã°²×°
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×°·½Ê½Ò²ÐíÊʺÏÄú. ÔÚͨ¹ýFTP°²×°Ê±, ÄúÑ¡ÔñµÄRed Hat
Linux°ü´ÓÍøÉÏ(ÓÃFTP) ÏÂÔØ, È»ºó°²×°µ½ÄúµÄÓ²ÅÌÉÏ.
2.4.3.1 ÈçºÎ×ö
ÓÃFTP°²×°, ÄúÐèÒª»ùÓÚ¾ÖÓòÍøµÄÍøÂç·ÃÎÊ; ͨ¹ýµ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷²¦ºÅÉÏÍøÊDz»ÐеÄ. Èç¹û
ÄúµÄ¾ÖÓòÍøºÍÒòÌØÍøÏàÁ¬, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÐí¶àÓÐRed Hat
LinuxÓ³ÏóµÄFTPÕ¾µã. Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚ
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/MIRRORS ÕÒµ½Ó³ÏóÕ¾µãµÄÇåµ¥.
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FTP·ÃÎʵϰ, Ö»Ð轫Red Hat Linux·¢Ðа汾¿½±´µ½
ÄÇ̨»úÆ÷, Äú¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¿ªÊ¼ÁË.
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Red Hat LinuxÔÚ FTPÉϵÄ·¾¶.]
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´ÓNFS°²×°Ê±, ÄúÑ¡ÔñµÄRed Hat Linux°ü´ÓNFS·þÎñÆ÷Ó³
Éäµ½ÄúµÄϵͳ. ÕâЩ°üÈ» ºó°²×°µ½ÄúµÄÓ²ÅÌ.
2.4.4.1 ÈçºÎ×ö
Èç¹ûÄúÏëNFS°²×°, Äú±ØÐ뽫Red Hat Linux CD-ROM°²×°(mount)ÔÚһ̨֧³Ö
ISO-9660ÎÄ ¼þϵͳº¬ÓÐRock RidgeÀ©Õ¹µÄ¼ÆËã»úÉÏ. Õą̂»úÆ÷»¹
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·þÎñÆ÷, »òÕßÖªµÀNFS·þÎñÆ÷µÄIP µØÖ·, ͬʱ֪µÀCD-ROMÊä
³öµÄ·¾¶.
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2.4.5 ´ÓSMB¹²Ïí¾í°²×°
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LinuxÒ²ÐíÊʺÏÄú. µ±Ö´ÐÐSMB°²×°Ê±, ÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úʹÓÃDOS
·½Ê½ÍøÂçÇý¶¯Æ÷·ÃÎÊRed Hat Linux·ÃÎÊ. ÄúËùÑ¡µÄ°üÈ»ºó°²×°µ½ÄúµÄÓ²ÅÌ.
2.4.5.1 ÈçºÎ×ö
µ±Äú´ÓSMB¹²Ïí¾í°²×°Ê±, ÄúÐèÒª½«Red Hat Linux CD-ROM°²×°µ½Ò»¸öÖ§³Ö¹²Ïí¾í
µÄ Microsoft Windows NT »òr Windows 95 ·þÎñÆ÷. Äú±Ø
ÐëÅäÖúÃÓòÃû·þÎñÆ÷; Äú»¹Ðè Òª°üº¬Red Hat Linux CD-ROMµÄ¹²Ïí¾íµÄÃû³ÆÒÔ¼°·Ã
ÎÊÕâ¸ö¾íµÄÕʺż°¿ÚÁî.
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ÊÇͬһµÄ. ÀýÈç, Microsoft NetworkingΪwindows1, ϵͳµÄ
DNS ËÞÖ÷Ãû±ØÐëÊÇ
windows1.whatever.your.domain.is.
[Intelϵͳ: ¶ÔÓÚSMB°²×°, ÄúÐèÒªÆô¶¯Å̺ÍÖ§³ÖÅÌ.]
Èç¹ûÄúÈÏΪÕâÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½×îÊʺÏÄúµÄÇé¿ö, ÇëÌøµ½2.5½Ú.
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µÄÓ²ÅÌ, Äú¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÓ²Å̰²×°. ÔÚÕâÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½ÏÂ, ÄúÑ¡
ÔñµÄRed Hat Linux°ü´ÓÓ²ÅÌ µÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø¶Á³ö, È»ºóдµ½ÁíÍâµÄ·ÖÇø.
2.4.6.1 ÈçºÎ×ö
Ó²Å̰²×°ÐèÒªÄú×ö³öһЩŬÁ¦, ÒòΪÔÚ¿ªÊ¼°²×°Red Hat Linux֮ǰÄú±ØÐ뽫ËùÓÐÐèÒª
µÄÎļþ¿½±´µ½Ó²Å̵ÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø. ÄúÊ×ÏÈÒªÔÚÄúµÄĿ¼
½á¹¹µÄ¶¥¶Ë´´½¨Ò»¸öRedHat Ŀ¼. ËùÓÐÄúÒª°²×°µÄÎļþ¶¼·ÅÔÚÕâ¸öĿ¼ÏÂ. ÏÈ¿½±´
base×ÓĿ¼¼°ÆäÄÚÈÝ.
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¼ä, Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓð²×°¹ý³Ì²»ÒªµÄLinux·ÖÇø(ÀýÈç, ÔÚÒ»¸ö
ÒѾ°²×°ºÃµÄϵͳ Öдæ·ÅÊý¾ÝµÄ·ÖÇø).
[Intelϵͳ: Èç¹ûÄúʹÓÃDOSÎļþϵͳ, Äú½«²»ÄÜʹÓÃRPM°üµÄ LinuxÎļþµÄÈ«Ãû.
°²×°¹ý³Ì²¢²»ÔÚÒâÄúÓÃʲôÎļþÃû, µ«ÊÇÄú¼Ç¼ÏÂËüÃÇÈÔ
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2.5 ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ?
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ÇëÌøµ½2.6½Ú.]
ÒÔÏÂÊÇÒ»ÕŶÔÕÕ±íÓÃÓÚ¼ì²éÄúÊÇ·ñÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ:
´ÓPCMCIAµÄCD-ROM°²×° -- Èç¹ûÄú´ÓCD-ROM°²×°Red Hat Linux, ¶ø Äú
µÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷ÊÇͨ¹ýPCMCIA¿¨Á¬µ½ÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úµÄ, Äú½«ÐèÒª
Ö§³ÖÅÌ.
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FTP°²×° -- Èç¹ûÄúͨ¹ýFTP°²×°Red Hat Linux, Äú½«ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ.
Ó²Å̰²×° -- Èç¹ûÄú´ÓÓ²Å̰²×°, Äú½«ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ.
SMB°²×° -- Èç¹ûÄú´ÓÒ»¸öSMB¹²Ïí¾í°²×°, Äú½«ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ.
Èç¹ûÄú·¢ÏÖÄúÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ, Äú±ØÐëÖÆ×÷Ò»ÕÅ. Ö§³ÖÅ̵ÄÓ³ÉäÎļþÊÇsupp.img, ËüÔÚÄú
µÄRed Hat Linux/Intel CDÖÐimagesĿ¼ÏÂ. Çëתµ½¸½Â¼
B ²¢¸ù¾ÝÄÇÀïµÄÖ¸Áî¼ÌÐø. È»ºó»Øµ½ÕâÀï¼ÌÐøÔĶÁ.
2.6 Ó²ÅÌ·ÖÇø
ΪÁ˰²×°Red Hat Linux, Äú±ØÐëΪËü×¼±¸Ó²Å̿ռä. Õâ¸öÓ²ÅÌ¿Õ¼ä±ØÐëºÍÄúµÄ¼Æ Ëã
»úÉϰ²×°µÄÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ(ÈçWindows, OS/2»ò×ÅÆäËû°æ
±¾µÄLinux)ËùʹÓõÄÓ²ÅÌ¿Õ ¼ä·Ö¿ª.
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ÓÐÒ»¸öÀàÐÍÓÃÀ´±íÃ÷Õâ¸ö·ÖÇøÖÐÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÈçºÎ´æ´¢µÄ.
ÀýÈç, DOS, OS/2, ºÍLinuxʹÓò»Í¬µÄÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇøÀàÐÍ.
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·ÖÇø. Red Hat Linux»¹ÐèÒªÒ»¸ö½»»»(swap)·ÖÇø, Õâ¸ö·Ö
ÇøµÄÀàÐÍ ÊÇ'Linux swap'. ¾ÍÊÇ˵°²×°Red Hat LinuxÖÁÉÙÐèÒªÁ½¸öÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø:
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Linux·ÖÇøÇåÀí¿Õ¼äµÄ²»Í¬·½·¨.
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Linuxͨ¹ý×ÖĸºÍÊý×ÖµÄ×éºÏÀ´±êʶӲÅÌ·ÖÇø, Èç¹ûÄúϰ¹ßÓÚʹÓÃ'CÅÌ'À´±êʶӲÅÌ ·Ö
ÇøµÄ»°, ¿ÉÄÜ»á¸ã»ì. Red Hat LinuxµÄÃüÃûÉè¼Æ±ÈÆä
Ëû²Ù×÷ϵͳ¸üÁé»î, Äܱí´ï¸ü ¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢. ¹éÄÉÈçÏÂ:
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hd(Ö¸IDEÓ²ÅÌ), »òsd(Ö¸SCSIÓ²ÅÌ).
ÏÂÒ»¸ö×Öĸ -- Õâ¸ö×Öĸ±íÃ÷·ÖÇøÔÚÄĸöÉ豸. ÀýÈç,
/dev/hda(µÚÒ»¸öIDEÓ²ÅÌ) »ò /dev/sdb(µÚ¶þ¸öSCSIÓ²ÅÌ).
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2.6.2 ÖØÐ·ÖÇøµÄ²ßÂÔ
ÔÚÖØÐ¶ÔÄúµÄÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇøÊ±, ¿ÉÄÜÓöµ½ÈýÖÖÇé¿ö:
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2.6.2.1 ʹÓÃδ·ÖÇøµÄ¿ÕÏпռä
ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏÂ, ÒѶ¨ÒåµÄ·ÖÇøÎ´Õ¼ÓÐÕû¸öÓ²Å̿ռä, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵¿ÕÏпռ䲻ÊôÓÚÈκΠÒѶ¨
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Õâʱ, ÄúÖ»Ðë¼òµ¥µØ´ÓδÓõĿռ䴴½¨ËùÐèµÄ·ÖÇø.
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È¥Äê, Äú½«ÔËÐÐWindowsϵͳµÄ105MBСӲÅ̸ÄΪ1.2GMµÄ´óÓ²ÅÌ. Äú°ÑËü·ÖΪÁ½¸ö
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¼þ. ºÃ, Äú ÏÖÔÚÒѾÓÃÁËC:µ«Äú´ÓδÔÚD:·Å¹ýÈκζ«Î÷.
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Çø, È»ºóÔÙÔÚÕâ¸ö¿Õ¼ä´´½¨ºÏÊʵÄLinux·ÖÇø.
2.6.2.3 ÓÃÒÑÓ÷ÖÇøµÄ¿ÕÏпռä
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»ú, Ó²ÅÌÉϺܿÉÄÜÓÐÒ»¸ö´óµÄ ·ÖÇø×°ÓвÙ×÷ϵͳºÍÊý¾Ý.
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Linux.
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3.2 Æô¶¯°²×°³ÌÐò
3.3 ¿ªÊ¼°²×°
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Red Hat Linux°²×°³ÌÐòʹÓÃÆÁÄ»Óû§½çÃæ, Ëü°üº¬µÄ´ó¶àÊý²¿¼þÊǺÍͼÐÎÓû§½çÃæ Ò»
ÑùµÄ. µ±È», ºÍͼÐνçÃæÏà±È»¹ÊÇÓÐÒ»µãµã²»Í¬µÄ;
ΪÁËʹËüÃǸüÈÝÒ×±æÈÏ, Çë¿´ ͼ3 ºÍ 4. ÕâÀïÁгö ¼¸¸ö×îÖØÒªµÄ²¿¼þ:
´°¿Ú(Window) -- ´°¿Ú(±¾ÊÖ²áÖÐÒ²½Ð¶Ô»°¿ò)½«ÔÚ°²×°Ê± ³öÏÖÔÚÄúµÄÆÁÄ»ÉÏ.
ÓÐʱ, Ò»¸ö´°¿Ú¿ÉÄÜǶÌ×ÁíÒ»¸ö; Õâʱ, ÄúÖ»ÄܺÍ×îÉÏ
ÃæµÄ´°¿Ú ¶Ô»°. µ±Íê³ÉÄǸö´°¿Úºó, Ëü»áÏûʧ, ÈÃÄú¼ÌÐøÏÂÃæµÄ´°¿Ú.
Îı¾ÊäÈëÐÐ(Text Input) -- Îı¾ÊäÈëÐÐÊÇÄúÊäÈëÐÅÏ¢µÄÇøÓò. µ±¹â ±êÍ£ÔÚÎÄ
±¾ÊäÈëÐÐʱ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈë»òÐÞ¸ÄÄÇÒ»ÐÐ.
Ñ¡Ôñ¿ò(Check Box) -- Ñ¡Ôñ¿ò¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄúÑ¡Ôñ°²×°³ÌÐòµÄÄ³Ð©ÌØÐÔ. µ±¹â±êÍ£ÔÚ
Ñ¡Ôñ¿òʱ, °´[Space]¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄúÔÚÑ¡ÔñºÍ²»Ñ¡ÔñÖ®¼äת»».
Îı¾ÏÔÊ¾Çø(Text Widget) -- Îı¾ÏÔÊ¾ÇøÊÇÏÔʾÐÅÏ¢µÄÇøÓò. ÓÐʱ, Ò»¸öÎı¾
ÏÔÊ¾Çø¿ÉÄܰüº¬ÆäËû²¿¼þ, ÈçÑ¡Ôñ¿ò. ÓпÉÄÜ, Ò»¸öÏÔʾ
ÇøËù°üº¬µÄÐÅÏ¢»á ±ÈËüËùÄÜÏÔʾµÄ¸ü¶à. Õâʱ, ÏÔÊ¾Çø±ßÉÏ»áÓйö¶¯Ìõ; Èç¹û¹â
±êÔÚÏÔÊ¾ÇøÖÐ, Äú¿ÉÒÔ ÓÃ[\uparrow]ºÍ[\downarrow]¼ü
À´¹ö¶¯ÒÔÏÔʾËùÓеÄÐÅÏ¢.
¹ö¶¯Ìõ(Scroll Bar) -- ¹ö¶¯Ìõ±íÃ÷ÁËÄúÔÚÎı¾ÏÔÊ¾ÇøËù´¦µÄÏà¶Ôλ ÖÃ. ÄúµÄ
µ±Ç°Î»ÖûáÓà # ±íʾ, ²¢»áËæ×ÅÄúǰ·ºó·¶øÉÏÏÂÒÆ¶¯.
°´Å¥(Button Widget) -- °´Å¥ÊǺͰ²×°³ÌÐò½»Á÷µÄ»ù±¾·½Ê½. ͨ¹ý '°´'ÕâЩ
°´Å¥, Äú¿ÉÒÔ×é³É°²×°¹ý³ÌµÄÕâһϵÁд°¿ÚÖ®¼äÇл». °´Å¥
¿ÉÒÔÔÚËüÃDZ»¸ß ÁÁ¶ÈÏÔʾʱ°´ÏÂ.
¹â±ê(Cursor) -- ¹â±ê±¾Éí²»ÊDz¿¼þ, µ«Ëü¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´Ñ¡ÔñijЩ²¿¼þ. µ±¹â±êÔÚÒ»
¸ö¸ö²¿¼þÖ®¼äÒÆ¶¯Ê±, ²¿¼þµÄÑÕÉ«¿ÉÄÜ»á¸Ä±ä, ÄúÒ²¿É
ÄÜÖ»¿´µ½¹â±êÔÚ ²¿¼þµÄÀïÃæ»òÅÔ±ß. ÔÚͼ3, ¹â±ê´¦ÓÚOk°²Å¥. ͼ4ÏÔʾ¹â±êÔÚ
Îı¾ÏÔÊ¾ÇøµÄµÚÒ»ÐÐ.
ͼ 3: °²×°³ÌÐòµÄ²¿
¼þ
ͼ 4: ¸ü¶à°²×°³ÌÐòµÄ
²¿¼þ
ͨ¹ýÎÒÃǵĽéÉÜ, Äú¿ÉÄÜ»á²Âµ½°²×°³ÌÐòÊÇ×Ö·û½çÃæµÄ, ²¢ÇÒ²»ÄÜÓÃÊó±ê. ÕâÊÇÒò Ϊ°²
×°³ÌÐò±ÈÐëÄÜÔÚÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄ¼ÆËã»úÉÏÔËÐÐ, ¶øÓÐЩ¼Æ
Ëã»úÉõÖÁûÓÐÊó±ê. ÒÔϽéÉÜ ÈçºÎÓüüÅ̺Ͱ²×°³ÌÐò¶Ô»°.
3.1.1 ÓüüÅÌÀ´µ¼º½
Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒÔ×é¼òµ¥µÄ¼üÔÚ°²×°¶Ô»°¿òÖ®¼äº½ÐÐ. ÒÆ¶¯¹â±ê, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà [<-], [->],
[\uparrow], ºÍ [\downarrow]. Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔÓà [Tab], ºÍ
[Alt]-[Tab] ʹ ¹â±êÒÆÏòÏÂÒ»¸ö»òÉÏÒ»¸ö²¿¼þ. ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿öÏÂ, ÆÁÄ»µ×²¿»á³öÏÖ¿ÉÓÃ
¹¦ÄܼüµÄ¸ÅÊö.
Òª'°´ÏÂ'°´Å¥, ¿ÉÒÔ½«¹â±êÒÆµ½°´Å¥ÉÏ(ÀýÈçÓÃ[Tab])È»ºó°´ [Space] (»ò[Enter]).
Òª´ÓÒ»ÁÐÏîÄ¿ÖÐÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸ö, ¿ÉÒÔ½«¹â±êÒÆµ½ÄúÏëÑ¡µÄÏîÄ¿
ÉÏÈ»ºó°´[Enter]. ÒªÏë´ÓÑ¡Ôñ¿òÖÐѡһ¸öÏîÄ¿, ¿ÉÒÔ½«¹â±êÒÆµ½Ñ¡Ôñ¿òÈ»ºó°´
[Space]. ÏëÒª²»Ñ¡Ôñ, ÔÙ°´Ò»´Î[Space].
°´[F12]È·Èϵ±Ç°Öµ²¢½øÈëÏÂÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò; ͨ³£ËüºÍ°´OK°´Å¥×÷Óà һÑù.
Çë×¢Òâ: ³ý·Ç¶Ô»°¿òÒªÇóÄúÊäÈë, ·ñÔòÔÚ°²×°¹ý³ÌÖв»Òª°´Èκμü -- Ëü¿ÉÄÜ»áÔì³É²»
¿ÉÔ¤¼ûµÄºó¹û.
3.1.2 ¹ØÓÚÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨
Red Hat LinuxΪָµ¼ÄúµÄ°²×°¹ý³ÌÌṩÁ˲»Ö¹¶Ô»°¿òÕâÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½. ÊÂʵÉÏ, ³ýÁËÈà Äú
¿ÉÒÔÔÚÌáʾ·ûÏÂÊäÈëÃüÁîÍâ, °²×°³ÌÐò»¹ÎªÄúÌṩÁË
¼¸ÖÖ²»Í¬µÄ²âÊÔÐÅÏ¢. Ëü°ÑÕâ ЩÐÅÏ¢·ÅÔÚÎå¸öÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨(virtual consoles)ÉÏ,
Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒ»¸ö¼üÔÚËüÃÇ Ö®¼äÇл». µ±ÄúÔÚ°²×°Red Hat
LinuxÓöµ½À§ÄÑʱ, ÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ÌṩµÄÐÅÏ¢·Ç³£ÓаïÖú. Ëü¿ÉÒÔʹÄú·¢ÏÖÎÊÌâËùÔÚ. ±í
5ÁгöÁËÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨, Çл»ËüÃǵļü, ºÍËüÃǵÄÄÚÈÝ.
¿ØÖÆÌ¨
°´¼ü
ÄÚÈÝ
1
[Alt]-[F1]
°²×°¶Ô»°¿ò
2
[Alt]-[F2]
Íâ¿Ç(shell)Ìá
ʾ·û
3
[Alt]-[F3]
°²×°ÈÕÖ¾ (À´×Ô
°²×°³ÌÐòµÄÐÅÏ¢)
4
[Alt]-[F4]
ϵͳÈÕÖ¾ (À´×Ô
Äں˵ÄÐÅÏ¢)
5
[Alt]-[F5]
ÆäËûÐÅÏ¢
±í 5: ÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ÐÅ
Ï¢
Ò»°ãÀ´½«, ûÓÃÀíÓÉÀ뿪ÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ #1 ,³ý·ÇÄúÏëÕï¶Ï°²×°ÖеÄÎÊÌâ. µ±È»Èç¹û ÄúºÃ
ÆæÐĺܴó, ÍêÈ«¿ÉÒÔÈ¥¿´¿´ÆäËû¿ØÖÆÌ¨.
3.2 Æô¶¯°²×°³ÌÐò
ÏÖÔÚ, ¿ÉÒÔ¿ªÊ¼°²×°Red Hat LinuxÁË. Ê×ÏÈÒªÆô¶¯°²×°³ÌÐò. ÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿ªÊ¼Ö®Ç°, Çë
È·¶¨ÄúÒѾӵÓа²×°ËùÐèµÄÒ»ÇÐ×ÊÔ´. Èç¹ûÄúÒÑÔĶÁÁË
µÚ2 ÕÂ, ²¢ÕÕËü×öµÄ»°, ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÒѾ׼±¸ºÃÁË.
[Alphaϵͳ: Èç¹ûÄú»¹Ã»ÓÐÖÆ×÷ºÃÈíÅÌ, Çë²Î¼ûRed Hat Linux Alpha °²×°¸½Â¼µÄ
(expert)'Ä£Ê½ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯°²×°. ר¼Òģʽ²»»á¼ì²é´ó¶àÊýÓ²¼þ, ¶øÊÇÔÚ°²×°Ê±ÈÃÄú×Ô ¼º
Ñ¡ÔñÇý¶¯³ÌÐò. ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÆô¶¯×¨¼Òģʽ:
boot: expert
Çë×¢Òâ: ³õʼµÄÆô¶¯ÐÅÏ¢²»»á°üº¬SCSI»òÍø¿¨. ÕâЩÉ豸ÊÇÓɰ²×°¹ý³ÌÖÐ ÔØÈëµÄÄ£¿é
À´Ö§³ÖµÄ.
Ñ¡ÏîÒ²¿ÉÒÔ´«¸øÄÚºË. ÀýÈç, ÃüÁîÄÚºËʹÓÃËùÓеÄ128MÄÚ´æ, ÊäÈë:
boot: linux mem=128M
ÊäÈëÑ¡Ïîºó, °´[Enter] Æô¶¯ÕâЩѡÏî. Èç¹ûÄúȷʵÐèÒªÖ¸¶¨Æô¶¯Ñ¡ÏîÀ´ ·Ö±æÄúµÄÓ²
¼þ, Çë¼ÇÏÂËüÃÇ -- ÒÔºó»áÓõ½.
[Intelϵͳ:
²»ÓÃÆô¶¯Å̰²×°
Red Hat Linux/Intel CD-ROM¿ÉÒÔÔÚÖ§³ÖÆô¶¯CD-ROMµÄмÆËã»úÉÏÆô¶¯. ²¢·ÇËù
ÓÐ ¼ÆËã»ú¶¼Ö§³ÖÕâ¸öÌØÐÔ, ËùÓÐÈç¹ûÄú²»ÄÜ´ÓCD-ROMÆô¶¯,
»¹ÓÐÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨¿ÉÒÔ²»´Ó ÈíÅÌÆô¶¯. ÒÔÏ·½·¨½öÊÊÓÃÓÚ»ùÓÚIntelµÄ¼ÆËã»ú.]
Èç¹ûÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úÓÐMS-DOS, Äú¿ÉÒÔ²»ÓÃÈκÎÈíÅ̶ø´ÓCDÆô¶¯.
ÇëʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁî(¼Ù¶¨ÄúµÄCDÊÇd:ÅÌ):
C:\> d:
D:\> cd \dosutils
D:\dosutils> autoboot.bat
×¢ÒâÕâÖÖ·½Ê½²»ÄÜÔÚWindowsµÄDOSÌáʾÏÂÔËÐÐ -- autoboot.batÎļþ±ØÐë ÔÚ´¿
DOS²Ù×÷ϵͳÖÐÖ´ÐÐ. »»¾ä»°Ëµ, ²»ÄÜÔËÐÐWindows.
Èç¹ûÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»ú²»ÄÜ´ÓCD-ROMÖ±½ÓÆô¶¯, ÄúÓÖ²»ÄÜʹÓûùÓÚDOSµÄautoboot, ÄÇÄú
Ö»ÄÜÓÃÆô¶¯ÅÌÀ´¿ªÊ¼ÁË.
3.3 ¿ªÊ¼°²×°
Æô¶¯Ö®ºó, °²×°³ÌÐòÏÈÏÔʾһ¸ö»¶ÓÐÅÏ¢. °´[Enter]¿ªÊ¼°²×°. Èç¹ûÕâ ʱÄú²»Ïë°²×°
ÁË, Ö»ÐëÄóöÆô¶¯ÈíÅ̲¢ÖØÆô¶¯.
3.3.1 Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖÓïÑÔ
»¶ÓÐÅÏ¢Ö®ºó, °²×°³ÌÐòÒªÇóÄúÑ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ°²×°¹ý³ÌÖÐËùʹÓõÄÓïÑÔ(²Î¼û6). ʹÓÃ
[\uparrow] ºÍ [\downarrow]¼ü, Ñ¡ÔñÊʵ±µÄÓïÑÔ. ×¢ÒâÓÒ±ß
µÄ¹ö¶¯Ìõ -- Ëü±íÃ÷»¹Óиü¶àµÄÌõÄ¿²»ÄÜÒ»´ÎÏÔʾ³öÀ´. ÔÚ°²×°¹ý³ÌÖÐÄú»á¾³£¿´µ½Àà
ËÆµÄ¹ö¶¯Ìõ.2
ͼ 6: Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖÓïÑÔ
3.3.2 Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖмüÅÌÀàÐÍ
È»ºó, °²×°³ÌÐòÈÃÄúÑ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ¼üÅÌÀàÐÍ(¼ûͼ 7). ÕâºÍÓïÑÔÑ¡Ôñ¶Ô»°¿òÀàËÆ.
Ñ¡ÍêÊʺϵļüÅÌÀàÐͺó, °´ [Enter]; ÔÚÒÔºóµÄ°²×°¹ý³ÌÒÔ¼°Ã¿´ÎÆô¶¯ Red Hat
Linuxϵͳʱ, ÄúËùÑ¡ÔñµÄ¼üÅÌÀàÐͶ¼»á×Ô¶¯ÔØÈë. Èç¹ûÄú
ÔÚÆô¶¯Red Hat LinuxϵͳºóÏë¸ü¸Ä¼üÅÌÀàÐÍ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃ/usr/sbin/kbdconfigÃü
Áî.
ͼ 7: Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ¼üÅÌÀà
ÐÍ
3.3.3 PCMCIAÖ§³Ö
È»ºó, °²×°³ÌÐò»á¼ì²éÄúµÄϵͳÒÔÈ·¶¨ÊÇ·ñÐèÒªPCMCIA (Ò²½ÐPC¿¨) Ö§³Ö. Èç¹û·¢ ÏÖ
ÁËPCMCIA¿ØÖÆÆ÷, ¾Í»áÎÊÄúÔÚ°¸×°¹ý³ÌÖÐÊÇ·ñÐèÒª
PCMCIAÖ§³Ö. Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ°²×°¹ý³Ì ÖлáÓõ½PCMCIAÉ豸(ÀýÈç, ÄúÓÐÒ»¿éPCMCIAÍø¿¨
²¢ÇÒÄú½«´ÓNFS°²×°, »òÕßÄúÓÐÒ»¿é PCMCIA SCSI¿¨²¢ÇÒ½«
´ÓSCSI CD°²×°), Äú±ØÐëÑ¡ÔñYes.
Çë×¢Òâ: Õâ¸öÎÊÌâ½öÕë¶Ô°²×°¹ý³ÌÊÇ·ñÐèÒªPCMCIAÖ§³Ö. ¼´Ê¹Äú ÔÚÕâÑ¡ÔñNo, °²×°ºÃ
Ö®ºóµÄRed Hat LinuxÈÔÄÜÖ§³ÖPCMCIA(¼Ù¶¨Äú°²×°ÁË
pcmcia-cs °ü).
Èç¹ûÄúÐèÒªPCMCIAÖ§³Ö, ¾Í»áÒªÇóÄú²åÈëÖ§³ÖÈíÅÌ -- È»ºóÑ¡Ôñ OK .
µ±Ö§³ÖÅÌÔØÈëʱ°²×°³ÌÐò»áÏÔʾһ¸ö½ø³ÌÌõ.
Çë×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÄúÒÔר¼Òģʽ°²×°, ½«»áÎÊÄúÊÇ·ñÐèÒªPCMCIAÖ§³Ö. Èç¹ûÐèÒª µÄ»°µ±È»
Ñ¡Ôñ Yes .
3.4 Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½
È»ºó, »áÎÊÄúʹÓÃÄÄÖÖ°²×°·½Ê½(¼ûͼ8). Ñ¡ÔñÊÊºÏ µÄ·½Ê½È»ºó°´OK, »òÕß°´
[Enter]. Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÎåÖÖ»ù±¾·½Ê½(²Î¼û 2.4½Ú), ÓÐЩÐèÒª
Ö§³ÖÈíÅÌ. ¹éÄÉÒ»ÏÂ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà ÒÔÏ·½Ê½°²×°Red Hat Linux:
ͼ 8: Ñ¡ÔñÒ»ÖÖ°²×°·½
ʽ
CD-ROM
-- Èç¹ûÄúÓÐCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷ºÍRed Hat Linux CD-ROM. ²»ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ. Çë²Î
¼ûµÚ3.4.1½ÚÑ¡ÔñCD-ROM°²×°Ä£Ê½.
NFS
-- Èç¹ûÄã´ÓÒ»¸öNFS·þÎñÆ÷°²×°(Õâ¸ö·þÎñÆ÷Êä³ö(export)ÁËRed Hat Linux
CD-ROM»òRed Hat LinuxµÄ¾µÏñ). ²»ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ. Çë²Î¼û
µÚ3.4.2 ½ÚÑ¡ÔñNFS°²×°Ä£Ê½.
Ó²ÅÌ
-- Èç¹ûÄú¿½±´ÁËRed Hat LinuxÎļþµ½±¾µØÓ²ÅÌ. ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ. Çë²Î ¼ûµÚ
3.4.6½ÚÑ¡ÔñÓ²Å̰²×°Ä£Ê½.
FTP
-- Èç¹ûÄúÖ±½Ó´ÓFTP·þÎñÆ÷. ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ. Çë²Î¼ûµÚ3.4.7 ½ÚÑ¡ÔñFTP°²×°Ä£
ʽ.
SMBÓ³Ïñ
-- Èç¹ûÄú´ÓWindows'¹²ÏíÅÌ'°²×°. ÐèÒªÖ§³ÖÅÌ. Çë²Î¼ûµÚ 3.4.8½ÚÑ¡ÔñSMB
°²×°Ä£Ê½.
3.4.1 ´ÓCD-ROM°²×°
Èç¹ûÄú½«´ÓCD-ROM°²×°Red Hat Linux, Ñ¡Ôñ'CD-ROM', È»ºóÑ¡ÔñOk. °²×°³ÌÐò
»á¼ì²éÄúµÄϵͳ, ÊÔͼÕÒʶ±ð ÄúµÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷. ËüÏÈѰÕÒ
IDE (Ò²½ÐATAPI) CD-ROM Çý¶¯Æ÷. Èç¹û·¢ÏÖÁË, ¾Í¼ÌÐø °²×°. Èç¹û°²×°³ÌÐò²»ÄÜ×Ô
¶¯Ê¶±ðÄúµÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷, ¾Í»áÎÊÄúCD-ROMµÄÀàÐÍ. Äú
¿ÉÒÔ Ñ¡ÔñÒÔÏÂÀàÐÍ:
SCSI
Èç¹ûÄúµÄCD-ROMÁ¬ÔÚÒ»¸öÖ§³ÖµÄSCSI¿¨ÉÏ; °²×°³ÌÐòÈ»ºóÒªÇóÄúÑ¡ÔñSCSIÇý
¶¯³ÌÐò. Ñ¡ÔñÓëÄúµÄ¿¨×îÏà½üµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò. Èç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ»°,
Äú¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨Ä³Ð©Ñ¡Ïî; µ«ÊÇ,´ó¶àÊý Çý¶¯³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Ê¶±ðÄúµÄSCSI¿¨.
ÆäËû
Èç¹ûÄúµÄCD-ROM¼È·ÇIDEÒ²·ÇSCSI CD-ROM, Ëü¾ÍÊÇ'ÆäËû'. ÀýÈç¾ßÓÐCD-
ROM½Ó¿ÚµÄÉù ¿¨. °²×°³ÌÐòÁгöÖ§³ÖµÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷ -- Ñ¡Ôñ
Ò»¸ö, ±ØÒªµÄ»°Ö¸¶¨Ñ¡Ïî.
Çë×¢Òâ: ¸½Â¼D ÖÐÁгöÒ»²¿·ÖCD-ROMµÄÑ¡²ÎÊý. Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÒ»¸öATAPI CD-ROM, ¶ø°²
×°³ÌÐòûÓÐÕÒµ½Ëü( »»¾ä»°Ëµ, ËüÎÊÄúCD-ROMÀàÐÍ), Äú±Ø
ÐëÖØÐÂÆô¶¯, È»ºóÊäÈëlinux hdX=cdrom. ¸ù¾ÝCD-ROMËùÁ¬½ÓµÄ½Ó¿ÚºÍËüµÄÖ÷´ÓÅä
ÖÃ, ¸ü¸Ä X ΪÒÔϵÄÒ»¸ö ×Öĸ.
a -- µÚÒ»¸öIDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷, Ö÷
b -- µÚÒ»¸öIDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷, ´Ó
c -- µÚ¶þ¸öIDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷, Ö÷
d -- µÚ¶þ¸öIDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷, ´Ó
(Èç¹ûÄúÓеÚÈý¸ö»òµÚËĸö¿ØÖÆÆ÷, ÒÔ×Öĸ˳Ðò¼ÌÐøÖ¸¶¨×Öĸ.)
Ò»µ©ÄúµÄCD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷ÒѾʶ±ð, »áÒªÇóÄú°ÑRed Hat Linux CD-ROM·ÅÈëÄúµÄ
CD-ROMÇý¶¯Æ÷. È»ºóÑ¡ÔñOk. ¶ÌÔݵÄÑÓ³Ùºó, ½«³öÏÖÏÂÒ»¸ö
¶Ô»°¿ò. ·µ½µÚ 4Õ¼ÌÐø°²×°Red Hat Linux.
3.4.2 ´ÓNFS°²×°
Èç¹ûÄúÏë´ÓNFS·þÎñÆ÷°²×°Red Hat Linux, Ñ¡Ôñ'NFS image' È»ºóÑ¡ OK.
3.4.3 ÍøÂçÇý¶¯³ÌÐòÅäÖÃ
È»ºó, °²×°³ÌÐò¼ì²éÄúµÄϵͳÊÔͼʶ±ðÄúµÄÍø¿¨. ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿ö, »á×Ô¶¯Ê¶±ðÄúµÄÍø ¿¨.
Èç¹û²»Ðеϰ, ¾Í»áÈÃÄúÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸öÖ§³ÖÄúµÄÍø¿¨µÄÇý
¶¯³ÌÐò²¢Ö¸¶¨Ò»Ð©±ØÐëµÄÑ¡ Ïî.
3.4.4 ÅäÖÃTCP/IPÍøÂç
ÅäÖúÃÄúµÄÍø¿¨Ö®ºó, »á³öÏÖ¼¸¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÅäÖÃÄúµÄTCP/IPÍøÂç. µÚÒ»¸öÆÁÄ»(¼ûͼ 9)
ÈÃÄúÈýÖÖÍøÂ緽ʽ֮һ:
ͼ 9: Ñ¡ÔñÍøÂçÅäÖ÷½
ʽ
¾²Ì¬IPµØÖ· -- Äú±ØÐëÊÖ¹¤ÉèÖÃÍøÂçµÄÐÅÏ¢.
BOOTP -- ÍøÂçÐÅϢͨ¹ýbootpÇëÇó×Ô¶¯Ìṩ.
DHCP -- ÍøÂçÐÅϢͨ¹ýdhcpÇëÇó×Ô¶¯Ìṩ.
Çë×¢Òâ: BOOTP ºÍ DHCP Ñ¡ÔñÒªÇóÄúµÄ¾ÖÓòÍøÉÏÓÐһ̨ÒѾ ÅäÖúõÄbootp (»ò
dhcp)·þÎñÆ÷ÕýÔÚÔËÐÐ.
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÁË BOOTP »ò DHCP, ÄúµÄÍøÂçÅäÖý«×Ô¶¯ÉèÖÃ, Äú¿ÉÌø¹ý ±¾½ÚµÄÆäÓಿ·Ö.
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÁËStatic IP address, Äú±ØÐë×Ô¼ºÉè¶¨ÍøÂçµÄÐÅÏ¢. ±í10 °üº¬ÁËÄúËùÐè
ÍøÂçÐÅÏ¢µÄÒ»¸öÀý×Ó.
Field
Exam
ple Value
IP Address
10.0.
2.15
Netmask
255.
255.255.0
Default Gateway
10.0.
2.254
Primary Nameserver
10.0.
2.1
Domain Name
redh
at.com
Hostname
pooh.
redhat.com
±í 10: ÍøÂçÐÅϢʾ
Àý
Çë×¢Òâ: ±í10 ÖеÄÐÅÏ¢Ö»ÊÇÒ»¸öÀý×Ó! Äú±ØÐë´ÓÄúµÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀíÔ±ÄÇÀïµÃµ½¹ØÓÚÄúµÄÍøÂç
µÄÐÅÏ¢.
µÚÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÎÊÄú IP ºÍÆäËûÍøÂçµØÖ· (¼ûͼ11). ÊäÈëÄúµÄIPµØÖ·²¢°´[Enter].
°²×°³ÌÐòÊÔͼ¸ù¾ÝÄúµÄIPµØÖ·À´²ÂÄú µÄ Netmask ; Èç¹û²»
¶ÔÄú¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä. °´[Enter]. °²×°³ÌÐòÈ»ºó²Â ÄúµÄDefault gateway ºÍ Primary
nameserver; ²»¶Ô»¹¿ÉÐÞ¸Ä.
ͼ 11: ÅäÖÃ
TCP/IP
Ñ¡ OK ¼ÌÐø.
µÚÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òºó, Äú»áÓöµ½µÚ¶þ¸ö. Ëü»áÎÊÄúdomain name, hostname, ºÍÆäËûÍøÂç
ÐÅÏ¢(¼ûͼ12). ÊäÈëÄúϵͳµÄ Domain name È»ºó°´
[Enter]; °²×°³ÌÐò»á°Ñdomain nameÐÅÏ¢´øµ½Host name Óò. ÔÚdomain name
֮ǰÊäÈëÄúÓõÄhostnameÐγÉÒ»¸öÍêÈ«ºÏ¸ñµÄdomain name
(FQDN). Èç¹ûÄúµÄÍøÂç²»Ö¹Ò»¸öÓòÃû·þÎñÆ÷, Äú¿É½«ÆäËûÓòÃû·þÎñÆ÷µÄIPµØÖ·ÊäÔÚ
Secondary nameserver ºÍTertiary nameserver Óò. Ñ¡Ôñ OK
¼ÌÐø.
ͼ 12: ÅäÖÃÍøÂç
Çë×¢Òâ:Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ½øÐÐFTP°²×°, Ìøµ½µÚ4.5½Ú ¼ÌÐø. Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ½øÐÐSMB°²×°, Ìøµ½µÚ
4.6½Ú¼ÌÐø. Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ½øÐÐNFS°²×°, Çë¶ÁÏÂÈ¥.
3.4.5 NFS·þÎñÆ÷ÐÅÏ¢
ÏÂÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÒªÇóNFS·þÎñÆ÷ÐÅÏ¢ (¼ûͼ13). ÊäÈëNFS·þÎñÆ÷µÄÃû×Ö»òIPµØÖ·, ÒÔ
¼°°üº¬Red Hat Linux CDµÄĿ¼Ãû. ÀýÈç, NFS ·þÎñÆ÷½«
Red Hat Linux CD°²ÔÚ/mnt/cdrom, ÔÚ Red Hat directory ÓòÊäÈë
/mnt/cdrom . Èç¹ûNFSÊä³öµÄ²»ÊÇCD¶øÊÇRed Hat Linux°²×°Ê÷µÄÒ»¸ö ¾µÏñ,
ÊäÈë°üº¬RedHatĿ¼µÄĿ¼Ãû. ÀýÈç, Èç¹ûÄúµÄNFS·þÎñÆ÷°üº¬Ä¿Â¼
/mirrors/redhat/i386/RedHat, ÊäÈë/mirrors/redhat/i386.
ͼ 13: ´ÓNFS°²
×°
¶ÌÔÝÑÓ³ÙÖ®ºó, ³öÏÖÏÂÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò. ·µ½µÚ4Õ¼ÌÐø °²×°Red Hat Linux.
3.4.6 ´ÓÓ²Å̰²×°
Èç¹ûÄú´Ó±¾µØÓ²Å̰²×°Red Hat Linux, Ñ¡Ôñ'hard drive'È»ºóOK.
ÔÚÄú¿ªÊ¼°²×°Ö®Ç°, Äú±ØÐ뽫ËùÓÐÐèÒªµÄÎļþ¿½±´µ½Ó²Å̵ÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø. Èç¹ûÄú»¹Ã» ÓÐÕâ
ô×ö, Çë²Î¼ûµÚ2.4.6½Ú. ´ÓÓ²Å̰²×°ÐèÒª Ö§³ÖÈí
ÅÌ; Çë°ÑËü²åÈëÄúµÄÇý¶¯Æ÷, È»ºóÑ¡OK. µ±Ö§³ÖÅÌÔØÈëʱ½«»áÏÔʾһ¸ö ½ø³ÌÌõ.
È»ºó, Ìøµ½µÚ4Õ¼ÌÐø.
3.4.7 ´ÓFTP°²×°
Èç¹ûÄú´ÓÒ»¸öFTPÕ¾µã°²×°Red Hat Linux, Ñ¡Ôñ'FTP'È»ºóÑ¡OK. FTP°²×° ÐèÒª
Ö§³ÖÅÌ -- ²åÈëËü²¢Ñ¡ OK. µ±Ö§³ÖÅÌÔØÈëʱ½«»áÏÔʾһ¸ö½ø
³ÌÌõ.
È»ºó, Ìøµ½µÚ4Õ¼ÌÐø.
3.4.8 ´ÓSMB°²×°
Èç¹ûÄúÏë´ÓÒ»¸öWindowsϵͳµÄ¹²ÏíÅÌ(»òÕß´ÓÔËÐÐSamba SMBµÄLinuxϵͳ)°²×°
Red Hat Linux, Ñ¡Ôñ'SMB image'ȻѡOk. SMB°²×°ÐèÒªÖ§
³ÖÅÌ -- ²åÈëËü ²¢Ñ¡ OK. µ±Ö§³ÖÅÌÔØÈëʱ½«»áÏÔʾһ¸ö½ø³ÌÌõ.
È»ºó, Ìøµ½µÚ4Õ¼ÌÐø.
4 ¼ÌÐø°²×°
4.1 Éý¼¶»¹Êǰ²×°
4.2 SCSI Ö§³Ö
4.3 Ϊ Red Hat Linux´´½¨·ÖÇø
4.4 ³õʼ»¯½»»»¿Õ¼ä
4.5 ½ö¶ÔFTP°²×°...
4.6 ½ö¶ÔSMB°²×°...
4.7 ½ö¶ÔÓ²Å̰²×°...
4.8 ¸ñʽ»¯·ÖÇø
4.9 Ñ¡ÔñºÍ°²×°°ü
4.1 Éý¼¶»¹Êǰ²×°
µ±ÄúÑ¡ÔñºÃÒ»Öа²×°·½Ê½ºó, °²×°³ÌÐòÌáʾÄúÊǰ²×°(install)»¹ÊÇ Éý¼¶ (¼ûͼ14).
ͼ 14: Éý¼¶»¹Êǰ²
×°
4.1.1 °²×°
Äúͨ³£½«Red Hat Linux°²×°ÔÚÒ»¸ö»òÒ»×é¸É¾»µÄÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø, »òÕ߸²¸ÇÁíÒ»¸ö°²×°ºÃ
µÄLinux.
Çë×¢Òâ: ½«Red Hat Linux¸²¸ÇÁíÒ»¸öLinux (°üÀ¨Red Hat Linux)²¢²» ±£´æÇ°
Ò»¸ö°²×°µÄÈκÎÐÅÏ¢. È·ÐÅÄú±¸·ÝÁËÖØÒªÎļþ!
Èç¹ûÄúÏëÍêÈ«°²×°, Ñ¡ÔñInstall, Ìøµ½µÚ4.2½Ú.
4.1.2 Éý¼¶
ÀûÓÃRPM¼¼Êõ, Red Hat Linux 5.1ÓÐÄÜÁ¦´ÓÒÔǰ°æ±¾µÄRed Hat Linux (2.0
°æ¼° ÒÔºó)Éý¼¶. Éý¼¶ÄúµÄϵͳ½«»á°²×°Ä£¿é»¯µÄ2.0.xÄÚºË, ͬ
ʱÐÞ¸ÄÄúµÄ¼Æ Ëã»úÖа²×°µÄ°üµÄ°æ±¾. Éý¼¶¹ý³Ì½«µ±Ç°µÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¸Ä³É.rpmsave À©
Õ¹ÃûµÄÎļþ(Èç, sendmail.cf.rpmsave), È»ºó±£´æ. ͬʱ
ÔÚ/tmp/upgrade.log ÖÐÁôÏÂÉý¼¶µÄÈÕÖ¾. Ëæ×ÅÈí¼þµÄÉý¼¶, ÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ¸ñʽ¿ÉÄܸÄ
±ä, ËùÒÔÔÚÄú¼¯³ÉÄú µÄ¸Ä±äʱ, ÄúÓ¦¸Ã×Ðϸ±È½ÏÔÅäÖÃÎÄ
¼þºÍÐÂÎļþ.
Èç¹ûÄúÏëÉý¼¶Red Hat Linuxϵͳ, Ñ¡ÔñUpgrade.
Çë×¢Òâ: ijЩ°üµÄÉý¼¶¿ÉÄÜ»áÒªÇóͬʱ°²×°ÆäËû°ü. Éý¼¶½ø³Ì»áÁôÒâÕâЩ Ïà¹ØÐÔ, µ«Õâ
¿ÉÄÜÐèÒª°²×°¶îÍâµÄ°ü. Äú½«±»¸æÖªËùÐè°üµÄÃû³Æ,
È»ºóÄú ¿ÉÒÔ¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñ°²×°ËüÃÇ. ÄúÓ¦¸Ã°²×°ËùÓеÄÕâÖÖ°ü; ·ñÔò, ijЩ(ÉõÖÁÈ«²¿)Éý¼¶
µÄ °ü½«²»ÄÜÕý³£ÔËÐÐ.
4.2 SCSI Support
µ±ÄúÑ¡ÔñÁËÉý¼¶»¹ÊÇÈ«²¿°²×°Ö®ºó, °²×°³ÌÐò½«¼ì²éÄúϵͳµÄSCSIÊÊÅäÆ÷. ÓÐʱ£¬ °²×°
³ÌÐò»áÎÊÄúÊÇ·ñÓÐSCSIÊÊÅäÆ÷. Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñYes, ÏÂ
Ò»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò»áÏÔʾ³ö һϵÁÐSCSIÇý¶¯³ÌÐò. Ñ¡Ôñ×î½Ó½üÄúSCSIÊÊÅäÆ÷µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò. °²
×°³ÌÐòÈ»ºóÈÃÄúÖ¸¶¨ ÄúÑ¡ÔñµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄһЩѡÏî;
È»¶ø, ´ó¶àÊýSCSIÇý¶¯³ÌÐò»á×Ô¶¯¼ì²â³öÄúµÄÓ²¼þ.
Contents
4.3 ΪRed Hat Linux´´½¨·ÖÇø
ÏÖÔÚ, ÓбØÒªÈð²×°³ÌÐòÖªµÀÔÚÄÄÀï°²×°. Õâ¾ÍҪΪ°²×°Red Hat LinuxµÄÒ»¸ö»ò ¶à
¸öÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø¶¨ÒåÔØÈëµã(mount points). ÕâʱÄúÒ²¿ÉÄÜ
ÐèÒª´´½¨»òɾ³ýÓ²ÅÌ ·ÖÇø.
Çë×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÄú»¹Ã»ÓÐ×¼±¸ºÃÈçºÎÉèÖÃÄúµÄÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø, Çë»Øµ½µÚ 2.6ºÍ2.7½Ú. ¼òµ¥µØ
˵, ¾ÍÊÇÄúÐèÒªÒ»¸ö´óСÊʺϵĸù·ÖÇøºÍÒ»¸öÖÁÉÙ16MB
µÄ½»»»·ÖÇø.
°²×°³ÌÐòÏÔʾһ¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÈÃÄúÑ¡ÔñÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø¹¤¾ß(¼ûͼ15). ÄúÓÐÁ½¸öÑ¡Ôñ:
Disk Druid -- ÕâÊÇRed Hat LinuxµÄÒ»¸ö°²×°Ê±µÄÓ²Å̹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß. Ëü¿ÉÒÔ
¸ù¾Ý Óû§µÄÒªÇó´´½¨ºÍɾ³ýÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø, ÁíÍ⻹¿ÉÒÔ¶Ôÿ¸ö·Ö
Çø¹ÜÀíÔØÈëµã.
[SPARCϵͳ: Disk Druid²»ÊÊÓÃRed Hat Linux/SPARC.]
fdisk -- ÕâÊÇ´«Í³µÄLinuxÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø¹¤¾ß. Ëü¶àÉÙ±ÈDisk Druid¸üÁé»î, µ«
fdisk ¼Ù¶¨Äú¶ÔÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇøÓÐһЩ¾Ñé, ²¢ÊÊÓ¦ËüÄÇÓÐЩ¼òµ¥
µÄÓû§½çÃæ.
ͼ 15: Ñ¡ÔñÓ²ÅÌÉèÖÃ
·½·¨
³ýÁËÄ³Ð©ÌØÊâÇé¿ö, Disk DruidÄܹ»Âú×ãµäÐ͵ÄRed Hat Linux°²×°µÄ·ÖÇøÒªÇó.
Ñ¡ÔñÄúϲ»¶µÄÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø¹¤¾ß, ²¢°´[Enter]. Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñÁËDisk Druid, Çë¼ÌÐøÔĶÁ.
Èç¹ûÄúϲ»¶fdisk, ÇëÌøµ½µÚ4.3.2½Ú.
4.3.1 ʹÓÃDisk Druid
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñÁËDisk Druid, »á³öÏÖÀàËÆÍ¼16µÄÆÁÄ». µÚÒ»´Î¿´µ½ËüÄú¿ÉÄÜ»á¸Ðµ½ÎÞ´Ó
ÏÂÊÖ, Æäʵ²¢²»ÕâÑù. ÈÃÎÒÃÇѧϰһÏÂDisk DruidµÄÈý
¸öÇøÓò.
ͼ 16: Disk Druid
Ö÷ÆÁÄ»
4.3.1.1 'Current Disk Partitions'ÇøÓò
'Current Disk Partitions'µÄÿһÐдú±íÁËÒ»¸öÓ²ÅÌ·ÖÇø. Äú»á×¢Òâµ½Õâ¸öÇøÓòµÄ
ÓÒ ÃæÓÐÒ»¸ö¹ö¶¯Ìõ, ÕâÒâζ×Å¿ÉÄÜ»¹ÓзÖÇøÃ»ÓÐÏÔʾ.
Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃ[\uparrow]ºÍ [\downarrow]¼üÀ´²ì¿´ÊÇ·ñÓиü¶àµÄ·ÖÇø. ÿһÐÐÓÐÎå¸ö²»
ͬµÄÓò:
Mount Point -- ÔØÈëµãÖ¸Ã÷ÁËÔÚRed Hat Linux°²×°ºÍʹÓÃʱӲÅÌ ·ÖÇøÔÚ
ÄÄÀïÔØÈë.
Device -- ÕâÀïÏÔʾӲÅÌ·ÖÇøµÄÉ豸Ãû.
Requested -- 'Requested'ÓòÏÔʾÁËÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø¶¨ÒåʱÉêÇëµÄ×îС ¿Õ¼ä.
Actual -- 'Actual'ÓòÏÔʾÁ˵±Ç°·ÖÅ䏸Õâ¸ö·ÖÇøµÄ¿Õ¼ä.
Type -- Õâ¸öÓòÏÔʾÁË·ÖÇøµÄÀàÐÍ.
ÁíÒ»Àà·ÖÇø
µ±ÄúÔÚ'Current Disk Partitions'ÇøÓòÏ·ʱ, Äú¿ÉÄܻῴµ½Ò»¸ö'Unallocated
Requested Partitions'µÄ±êÌâÀ¸, ºóÃæ¸ú×ÅÒ»¸ö»ò¼¸¸ö·Ö
Çø. ÕâЩ·ÖÇøÒѾÉêÇë, µ«ÓÉÓÚijÖÖÔÒò»¹Ã»ÓзÖÅä¿Õ¼ä. ´æÔÚδ·ÖÅä·ÖÇøµÄÒ»¸ö³£¼û
µÄÔÒòÊÇȱÉÙ×ã¹»µÄ¿Õ¼ä. ²»¹ÜÔõÑù, ·ÖÇøÎ´·ÖÅäµÄ
ÔÒò»áÔÚ·ÖÇøµÄ'mount point'ÓòºóÃæÏÔʾ³öÀ´.
4.3.1.2 'Drive Summaries'ÇøÓò
'Drive Summaries'ÇøÓòµÄÿһÐдú±íÁËÄúµÄϵͳµÄÒ»¸öÓ²ÅÌ. ÿÐж¼ÓÐÒÔÏÂÓò:
Drive -- Õâ¸öÓòÏÔʾӲÅ̵ÄÉ豸Ãû.
Geom [C/H/S] -- Õâ¸öÓòÏÔʾӲÅ̵ÄÎïÀíÐÅÏ¢(geometry), Ëü°üÀ¨Ó²Å̵ÄÖù
Ãæ, ´ÅÍ·ºÍÉÈÇøµÄÊýÁ¿.
Total -- 'Total'ÓòÏÔʾÁËÓ²ÅÌËùÓпÉÓÿռä.
Used -- Õâ¸öÓòÏÔʾÁËÓ²ÅÌÖÐÓжàÉٿռ䵱ǰÒѾ·ÖÅä.
Free -- 'Free'ÏÔʾÁËÓ²ÅÌÖÐÓжàÉٿռ仹ûÓзÖÅä.
Bar Graph -- Õâ¸öÓòÓÃͼÐαíʾӲÅ̵±Ç°ÒÑÓõĿռä. ¾®ºÅÔ½¶à ±íʾ¿ÕÏпռä
Ô½ÉÙ. ͼ16ÖÐ0, ͼÐÎÏÔʾ³öûÓпÕÏÐ ¿Õ¼ä.
Çë×¢Òâ: 'Drive Summaries'ÇøÓò½ö±íÃ÷Äú¼ÆËã»úµÄÓ²ÅÌÅäÖÃ. Ëü²¢²»ÓÃÀ´ Ϊij¸öÌØ
¶¨·ÖÇøÖ¸¶¨Ä¿±êÓ²ÅÌ. ÔÚµÚ4.3.1.5 С½Ú½«³¹µ×ÌÖÂÛÕâ
Ò»µã.
4.3.1.3 Disk Druid°´Å¥
ÕâЩ°´Å¥¿ØÖÆDisk DruidµÄÐÐΪ. ËüÃÇÓÃÀ´Ôö¼ÓºÍɾ³ý·ÖÇø, »òÕßÐ޸ķÖÇøµÄÊôÐÔ.
ÁíÍâ, »¹Óа´Å¥ÓÃÀ´½ÓÊÜÄúËù×öµÄ¸Ä±ä»òÕßÍ˳öDisk
Druid. ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒÀ´Î¿´Ò»ÏÂÕâЩ °´Å¥.
Add -- 'Add'°´Å¥ÓÃÀ´ÉêÇëÒ»¸öеķÖÇø. Ñ¡Ôñºó, »á³öÏÖÒ»¸ö ¶Ô»°¿ò, °üº¬
һЩÄú±ØÐëÊäÈëµÄÓò.
Edit -- 'Edit'°´Å¥ÓÃÀ´ÐÞ¸Ä'Current Disk Partitions'ÇøÓòÖÐ µ±Ç°¼¤
»îµÄ·ÖÇøµÄÊôÐÔ. Ñ¡ÔñËü½«³öÏÖÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò. ¸ù¾Ý·ÖÇøÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ
·ñÒѾдµ½Ó²ÅÌ ÉÏ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÐÞ¸Ä'Edit Partition'¶Ô»°¿òÖеÄijЩ»òÈ«²¿ÐÅ
Ï¢.
Delete -- 'Delete'°´Å¥ÓÃÀ´É¾³ý'Current Disk Partitions'Çø ÓòÖÐ
µ±Ç°¼¤»îµÄ·ÖÇø. Ñ¡ÔñÕâ¸ö°´Å¥»á³öÏÖÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÈÃÄúÈ·ÈÏɾ
³ý.
Ok -- 'Ok'°²Å¥½«°ÑÄúËù×öµÄÈκÎÐÞ¸ÄдÈëÓ²ÅÌ. ÔÚDisk DruidÖØ дÄúµÄÓ²
ÅÌ·ÖÇø±í֮ǰ»áÒªÇóÄúÈ·ÈÏÄúËù×öµÄÐÞ¸Ä. ÁíÍâ, ÄúËù¶¨
ÒåµÄÔØÈëµãÒ²»á´«¸ø °²×°³ÌÐò, ÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ»áʹÓÃÕâЩϵͳÀ´¶¨
ÒåÎļþϵͳµÄ¹æ»®.
Back -- Õâ¸ö°´Å¥Ê¹Disk Druid²»±£´æÄú×öµÄÈκÎÐ޸ĶøÍ˳ö. µ± Ñ¡ÔñÕâ¸ö
°´Å¥Ê±, °²×°³ÌÐò»áÍ˵½Ç°Ò»¸öÆÁÄ», ÖØÐ¿ªÊ¼.
4.3.1.4 ¿ì½Ý¹¦Äܼü
Disk Druid°´Å¥ºÍ¹¦ÄܼüÓÐÐ©ÖØ¸´, µ«ÓÐÁ½¸ö¹¦ÄܼüûÓжÔÓ¦µÄ°´Å¥:
[F2] (Add NFS) -- Õâ¸ö¹¦ÄܼüÓÃÀ´ÎªÄúµÄRed Hat Linux Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸öÖ»¶ÁµÄ
NFSÎļþϵͳÉèÖÃÔØÈëµã. Ñ¡ÔñÖ®ºó, »á³öÏÖÒ»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÈÃÄú
ÊäÈëÓÐ¹Ø Óò.
[F5] (Reset) -- Õâ¸ö¹¦Äܼü½«ºöÂÔÄúÔÚDisk DruidÖÐËù×ö µÄÈκÎÐÞ¸Ä, »Ø
µ½ÄúµÄÓ²ÅÌÉϵķÖÇø±íµÄÐÅÏ¢. µ±Ñ¡ÔñÖ®ºó, »áÒªÇóÄúÈ·ÈÏ
ÊÇ·ñ×¼±¸ ºöÂÔ. ×¢ÒâÄú¶¨ÒåÔÚËùÓÐÔØÈëµã¶¼»á¶ªÊ§, ±ØÐëÖØÐÂÊäÈë.
Çë×¢Òâ: Äú½«ÎªRed Hat Linux¹±Ï×ÖÁÉÙÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø, »¹¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¶à. ÕâЩ¶¼ÒÑ ÔÚµÚ
2.6.5½ÚÌÖÂÛ¹ý.
ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃÇ¿´¿´Disk DruidÈçºÎÓÃÀ´ÎªÄúµÄRed Hat LinuxϵͳÉèÖ÷ÖÇø.
4.3.1.5 Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø
ΪÁËÔö¼Ó·ÖÇø, Ñ¡Ôñ Add °´Å¥, ²¢°´[Space]»òÕß[Enter]. ³öÏÖÒ»¸öÌâΪ'Edit
New Partition'µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò(¼ûͼ 17). Ëü°üÀ¨ÏÂÃæµÄÓò:
ͼ 17: ´´½¨Ò»¸öеÄ
·ÖÇø
Mount Point -- ÒÆµ½Õâ¸öÓò, ÊäÈëÕâ¸ö·ÖÇøµÄÔØÈëµã. ÀýÈç, Èç¹ûÕâ ¸ö·ÖÇø
ÊǸù·ÖÇø, ÊäÈë/, Èç¹ûÊÇ usr·ÖÇøÊäÈë/usr, µÈµÈ.
Size (Megs) -- ÔÚÕâ¸öÓò, ÊäÈë·ÖÇøµÄ´óС(µ¥Î»ÊÇÕ×). ×¢ÒâÕâ¸öÓò ¿ªÊ¼ÊÇ
'1', ³ý·ÇÄúÐÞ¸ÄËü, ·ñÔòÕâ¸ö·ÖÇøÖ»ÓÐ1MB.
ÓÃ[Backspace]¼üɾ³ýËü , ÊäÈëÄúÏëÒªµÄ·ÖÇø´óС.
Growable? -- Õâ¸öÑ¡Ôñ¿ò±íÃ÷ÄúÔÚÉÏÒ»¸öÓòÖÐÊäÈëµÄ´óСÊÇÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø µÄÈ·ÇÐÈÝ
Á¿»¹ÊÇ×îСÈÝÁ¿. °´[Space]À´Ñ¡Ôñ»òÕß²»Ñ¡. Èç¹ûÑ¡Ôñ
µÄ»°, Õâ ¸ö·ÖÇø¿ÉÒÔÔö´óµ½ÌîÂúÒ»¸öÓ²Å̵ÄÕû¸öδ·ÖÅä¿Õ¼ä. Õâʱ, Õâ¸ö·ÖÇøµÄ
ÈÝÁ¿¿ÉÒÔËæ×Å ÆäËû·ÖÇøµÄÐ޸ĶøÔö¼Ó»ò¼õÉÙ.
Type -- Õâ¸öÓò°üÀ¨Ò»Áв»Í¬µÄ·ÖÇøÀàÐÍ. Óà [\uparrow] ºÍ [\downarrow]
¼üÑ¡ÔñÊʵ±µÄ·ÖÇøÀàÐÍ.
Allowable Drives -- Õâ¸öÓò°üÀ¨Ò»ÁÐÄúϵͳÖа²×°µÄÓ²ÅÌ, ÿ¸ö¶Ô Ó¦Ò»¸öÑ¡
Ôñ¿ò. Èç¹ûij¸öÓ²Å̱»Ñ¡, ÔòÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø½«¿ÉÄÜ´´½¨ÔÚÄǸö
Ó²ÅÌÉÏ. Èç¹ûij¸ö Ó²ÅÌûÓб»Ñ¡, ÔòÕâ¸ö·ÖÇø½«²»»á´´½¨ÔÚÄǸöÓ²ÅÌÉÏ. ͨ¹ý²»
ͬ µÄÑ¡Ôñ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÈÃDisk Druid°Ñ·ÖÇø·ÅÔÚÄúÈÏΪºÏ
Êʵĵط½, »òÕßÈÃDisk Druid¾ö¶¨ ·ÖÇø¸Ã·ÅÔÚÄÄÀï.
Ok -- µ±Äú¶Ô·ÖÇøµÄÉèÖÃÂúÒⲢϣÍû´´½¨ËüµÄʱºò, Ñ¡ÔñÕâ¸ö°´Å¥²¢°´
[Space].
Cancel -- µ±Äú²»Ïë´´½¨Õâ¸ö·ÖÇøµÄʱºò, Ñ¡ÔñÕâ¸ö°´Å¥²¢°´ [Space].
Ôö¼Ó·ÖÇøÊ±µÄÎÊÌâ
µ±Äú×¼±¸Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø¶øDisk Druid²»ÄܽÓÊÜÄúµÄÉêÇëʱ, Äú»á¿´µ½Í¼18 ÀàËÆµÄ¶Ô»°
¿ò. ¿òÖÐÁгöĿǰ»¹Ã»ÓзÖÅäµÄÈκηÖÇø, ÒÔ¼°ËüÃÇΪ
·ÖÅäµÄÔÒò. Ñ¡Ôñ Ok°´Å¥, ²¢°´ [Space] ¼ÌÐø. ×¢Òâδ·ÖÅä·ÖÇøÒ²ÔÚDisk Druid
Ö÷ÆÁ Ä»ÖÐÁÐʾ(Äú¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý¹ö¶¯'Current Disk
Partitions'ÇøÓò¿´µ½ËüÃÇ).
ͼ 18: δ·ÖÅä·ÖÇøµÄ
¾¯¸æ
4.3.1.6 ɾ³ýÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø
Ҫɾ³ýÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø, Ñ¡Ôñ'Current Disk Partitions'ÇøÓòÖеÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø, Ñ¡Ôñ
Delete °´Å¥, ²¢°´[Space]. ½«»áÒªÇóÄúÈ·ÈÏɾ³ý.
4.3.1.7 ÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø
ÒªÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø, Ñ¡Ôñ'Current Disk Partitions'ÇøÓòÖеÄÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø, Ñ¡Ôñ Edit
°´Å¥, ²¢°´[Space]. Äú½«¿´µ½Ò»¸öºÍͼ 17Ê®·ÖÀàËÆµÄ¶Ô
ÖµÊÇ 82. ÓÃlÃüÁî¿ÉÒԲ쿴·ÖÇøÀàÐͼ° ¶ÔÓ¦µÄÖµµÄÇåµ¥.
LinuxÔÊÐíÒ»¸öÓ²ÅÌÖÁ¶àËĸö·ÖÇø. Èç¹ûÄúÏë´´½¨¸ü¶à·ÖÇø, ÆäÖÐÒ»¸ö±ØÐëÊÇ À©
Õ¹(extended)·ÖÇø, Ëü¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬Ò»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÂß¼
(logical)·ÖÇø. ÒòΪÀ©Õ¹·ÖÇøÊÇÒ»¸ö'ÈÝÆ÷', ËùÓÐËüµÄ´óС²»ÄÜСÓÚËü°üº¬µÄ
Âß¼·ÖÇøµÄ´óСµÄ×ܺÍ.
Äú×îÒªÔÚ´´½¨·ÖÇøÊ±¼ÇÏÂÄǸö·ÖÇø(Èç/dev/hda2)¶ÔÓ¦ÄĸöÎļþϵͳ (Èç
/usr).
Çë×¢Òâ: ÔÚÄöserviceµÄ¼ò½é.
ͼ34: Ñ¡Ôñ
services
×¢ÒâÄú¿ÉÒÔÓÃ/usr/sbin/ntsysv»ò/sbin/chkconfigÃüÁîÔÚÒÔºó ¸ü¸ÄÉÏÃæµÄÉè
ÖÃ.
5.6 ÅäÖôòÓ¡»ú
È»ºó, °²×°³ÌÐòÎÊÄúÊÇ·ñÒªÅäÖôòÓ¡»ú. Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñYes, Ò»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò»áÎÊ Äú´òÓ¡»úÊÇ
ÈçºÎÁ¬µ½ÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úµÄ(¼ûͼ35).
ͼ35: Ñ¡Ôñ´òÓ¡»úÀà
ÐÍ
ÒÔϼòµ¥½éÉÜ¿ÉÓõĴòÓ¡»úÁ¬½ÓµÄÈýÖÖÀàÐÍ.
±¾µØ -- ´òÓ¡»úÖ±½ÓÁ¬µ½ÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»ú.
Ô¶³Ìlpd -- ´òÓ¡»úÁ¬ÔÚÄúµÄ¾ÖÓòÍøÉÏ(Ö±½Ó Á¬ÔÚÍøÂçÉÏ»òÁ¬ÔÚÁíһ̨¼ÆËã»úÉÏ),
²¢¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýlpr/lpdͨѶ.
LAN Manager -- ´òÓ¡»úÁ¬ÔÚÁíһ̨¼ÆËã»úÉϲ¢Í¨¹ýLAN Manager (»òSMB)
¹²Ïí.
Ñ¡Ôñ´òÓ¡»úÀàÐͺó, ³öÏÖÁËÌâΪ'Standard Printer Options'µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò(¼ûͼ36).
ÊäÈëÄúÏëÓõĶÓÁÐÃûºÍspoolĿ¼, »ò½ÓÊÜĬÈÏÐÅÏ¢.
ͼ36: ±ê×¼´òÓ¡»úÑ¡
Ïî
¸ù¾ÝÄúÑ¡ÔñµÄ²»Í¬µÄ´òÓ¡»úÀàÐÍ, Äú»á¿´µ½²»Í¬µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò. Çë·µ½ÏàÓ¦µÄÕ½Ú:
±¾µØ -- µÚ5.6.1½Ú.
Ô¶³Ìlpd -- µÚ5.6.2½Ú.
LAN Manager -- µÚ5.6.3½Ú.
5.6.1 ±¾µØ´òÓ¡»ú
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡Ôñ±¾µØ´òÓ¡»ú, Äú½«¿´µ½ÀàËÆÍ¼37µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò.
ͼ37: ±¾µØ´òÓ¡
»ú
ÊäÈë´òÓ¡»úÁ¬½ÓµÄÉ豸Ãû. ΪÁË·½±ã, °²×°³ÌÐòÊÔͼ¼ì²âÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¿ÉÓõĴòÓ¡¶Ë¿Ú.
Ñ¡Ôñ Next, ²¢°´ [Space]. ÏÖÔÚÌøµ½µÚ 5.6.4½Ú¼ÌÐø.
5.6.2 Ô¶³Ìlpd´òÓ¡»ú
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñÔ¶³Ìlpd´òÓ¡»ú, Äú½«¿´µ½ÀàËÆÍ¼38µÄ¶Ô »°¿ò.
ͼ38: Ô¶³Ìlpd´òÓ¡
»úÑ¡Ïî
ÔÚ'Remote hostname'ÓòÊäÈë´òÓ¡»úÖ±½ÓÁ¬½ÓµÄ¼ÆËã»úµÄÃû³Æ. ÔÚ'remote queue'
Óò ÊäÈëÔ¶³Ì´òÓ¡»úÁ¬½ÓÔÚÔ¶³Ì¼ÆËã»úÉϵĶÓÁÐÃû. Ñ¡Ôñ
Next, ²¢°´ [Space]. ÏÖÔÚÌøµ½µÚ5.6.4½Ú¼ÌÐø.
5.6.3 LAN Manager´òÓ¡»ú
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡Ôñ'LAN Manager'´òÓ¡»ú,Äú½«¿´µ½ÀàËÆÍ¼39 µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò.
ͼ39: LAN Manager´ò
Ó¡»úÑ¡Ïî
ÊäÈë±ØÒªµÄÐÅÏ¢. Ñ¡ÔñNext, ²¢°´ [Space].
5.6.4 ½áÊø´òÓ¡»úÉèÖÃ
È»ºó, Äú½«¿´µ½ÌâΪ'Configure Printer'µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò(¼ûͼ40). Ñ¡Ôñ×î½Ó½üÄúµÄ´òÓ¡
»úµÄÐͺÅ. Ñ¡ÔñNext, ²¢°´[Space]¼ÌÐø.
ͼ40: ÅäÖüÆËã
»ú
Ñ¡Íê´òÓ¡»úÐͺźó, Äú½«¿´µ½ÀàËÆÍ¼41µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò. ÉèÖÃÖ½ÕųߴçºÍ·Ö±æÂÊ. Èç¹ûÄúµÄ´ò
Ó¡»ú²»ÄÜ×Ô¶¯µØÔÚÿһÐкóÍê³ÉÒ»¸ö»Ø³µ(carriage),
ÇëÑ¡ÔñFix stair-stepping of text.
ͼ41: ´òÓ¡»úÉè
ÖÃ
×îºó, Äú½«¿´µ½Ò»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò°üº¬ÄúµÄ´òÓ¡»úµÄËùÓÐÅäÖÃÐÅÏ¢(¼ûͼ42). ¼ì²éÕâЩÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ
·ñÕýÈ·. Èç¹û¶¼ÕýÈ·, Ñ¡ÔñDone. Èç¹ûÄúÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä,
Ñ¡ÔñEdit. Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñCancel²»¶ÔÄúµÄ´òÓ¡»ú½øÐÐÉèÖÃ.
ͼ42: ¼ì²é´òÓ¡»úÐÅ
Ï¢
Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñÁËDone, Äú»¹Óлú»áÉèÖÃÁíһ̨´òÓ¡»ú, »òÕßÄú¿ÉÒÔ¼ÌÐø°²×°.
5.7 ÉèÖÃroot¿ÚÁî
°²×°³ÌÐòÈ»ºóÒªÇóÄúΪÄúµÄϵͳÉèÖÃÒ»¸öroot¿ÚÁî(¼ûͼ43). ÔÚÄúµÚÒ»´ÎµÇ¼Red
Hat Linuxϵͳʱ½«Ê¹ÓÃroot¿ÚÁî.
ͼ43: root¿Ú
Áî
¿ÚÁîÖÁÉÙÁù¸ö×Ö·û; ÄúÊäÈëµÄ¿ÚÁî²»»áÏÔʾÔÚÆÁÄ»ÉÏ. Äú±ØÐèÊäÈë¿ÚÁîÁ½´Î; Èç¹û Á½´Î
²»Ò»ÖÂ, °²×°³ÌÐò»áÒªÇóÄúÖØÐÂÊäÈë.
ÄúÓ¦¸Ãʹ¿ÚÁîÄܹ»¼ÇÒä, µ«ÓÖ²»ÄÜÈñðÈËÈÝÒײ³ö. ÄúµÄÃû×Ö, µç»°ºÅÂë, qwerty,
password, root, 123456, ºÍanteater¶¼²»ÊǺõĿÚÁî. ºÃ
µÄ¿ÚÁî×éºÏÁËÊý×ֺʹóСд×Öĸ, ¶øÇÒ²»°ü À¨×ÖµäÀïµÄ´Ê: ÀýÈçAard387vark or
420BMttNT. ¼Çס¿ÚÁîÊÇ´óС дÃô¸ÐµÄ. ¼ÇÏÂÕâ¸ö¿ÚÁî²¢·Å
ÔÚ°²È«µÄµØ·½.
Çë¼Çס: Root Óû§(Ò²½Ðsuperuser)ÓÐȨ·ÃÎÊÕû¸öϵͳ; Òò´ËÄú×îºÃÖ»ÓÐÔÚ½øÐÐϵͳ
ά»¤»ò¹ÜÀíʱ²ÅÓÃrootÓû§µÇ¼. Çë²Î¼ûµÚ9.1 ½ÚÈçºÎ
Ôö¼ÓÒ»¸öÕʺÅ. ¹ØÓÚ´´½¨ÐÂÕʺŵĸü¶à»ù±¾·½Ê½»¹¿É²Î¼ûµÚ6.2.3½Ú.
5.8 ÖÆ×÷Æô¶¯ÈíÅÌ
È»ºó, Äú½«ÎªÄúµÄRed Hat LinuxÓлú»áÖÆ×÷Ò»Õſͻ§»¯µÄÆô¶¯ÈíÅÌ (¼ûͼ44).
ͼ44: ÖÆ×÷Æô¶¯Èí
ÅÌ
ÖÆ×÷Æô¶¯ÈíÅ̵ÄÀíÓÉÊÇ:
ÓÃÀ´Ìæ´úLILO -- Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃÆô¶¯ÅÌÌæ´úLILO. Èç¹ûÄúÊǵÚÒ»´ÎʹÓÃRed Hat
Linux ,²¢Ï£ÍûÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÆô¶¯¹ý³Ì²»×ö¸Ä±ä. ʹÓÃÆô
¶¯ÈíÅ̵ϰ, »Øµ½ÆäËû ²Ù×÷ϵͳֻÐè¼òµ¥µØÈ¡³öÆô¶¯ÈíÅ̲¢ÖØÐÂÆô¶¯.
ÔÚ½ô¼±Çé¿öÏÂʹÓà -- Æô¶¯Å̺;ȼ±ÅÌÒ»ÆðʹÓÃ, ¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄú»Ö¸´ÆÆ»µÁË µÄϵͳ3.
µ±ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ¸²¸ÇÁËLILOʱʹÓà -- ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ¿ÉÄܲ»ÏëRed Hat Linux
ÄÇÑùÁé»î. ºÜ¿ÉÄܰ²×°»òÉý¼¶ÁíÍâÒ»¸ö²Ù×÷ϵͳʱ»á¸²¸Ç
Ö÷Æô¶¯¼Ç¼(master boot record), ʹÄúÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯ÄúµÄRed Hat Linux. Õâ
ʱ¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÆô¶¯ÈíÅÌÀ´Æô¶¯ Red Hat LinuxÈ»ºóÖØÐ°²×°
LILO.
ÓÐÁËÉÏÊöÀíÓÉ, ÄúÓ¦¸Ã¿¼ÂÇÖÆ×÷Ò»ÕÅÆô¶¯ÅÌÁ˰É. Ñ¡ÔñYes²¢°´[Space] À´ÖÆ×÷Æô¶¯ÅÌ.
È»ºó, Äú½«¿´µ½Ò»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÈÃÄú²åÈëÒ»Õſհ×ÈíÅÌ.
²åÈë¿Õ°×ÈíÅ̺ó, Ñ¡ÔñOk²¢°´[Space].
¶ÌÔÝÑÓ³ÙÖ®ºó, ÄúµÄÆô¶¯ÈíÅ̾Í×öºÃÁË. È¡³öÈíÅÌ, ×ÐϸµØÌùÉϱêÇ©. ×¢ÒâÔÚ°²×° ½áÊø
Ö®ºó, Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔÖÆ×÷Æô¶¯ÅÌ. Èç¹ûÄúÊÇÓÃÆô¶¯ÈíÅÌ
(¶ø²»ÊÇLILO)À´Æô¶¯ÄúµÄϵͳ, ÔÚÿ´Î¸ü¸ÄÄúµÄÄÚºËʱ¶¼ÒªÖÆ×÷ÐÂµÄÆô¶¯ÅÌ. Çë²Î¼û
mkbootdisk°ïÖú.
5.9 °²×°LILO
ΪÁËÆô¶¯ÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ, Äúͨ³£ÐèÒª°²×°LILO (the LInux LOader).
Äú¿ÉÒÔ°ÑLILO°²×°ÔÚÒÔÏÂÁ½¸öµØ·½Ö®Ò»:
½¨ÒéÄú½«LILO°²×°ÔÚÖ÷Æô¶¯¼Ç¼(MBR)
, ³ý·ÇMBRÒѾÆô¶¯ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳϵͳ, ÈçSystem Commander»ò OS/2's
Boot Manager. MBRÊÇÓ²ÅÌÉϵÄÒ»¸öÌØ±ðÇøÓò, »á±»BIOS×Ô¶¯
×°ÔØ, Ò²ÊÇLILOÄÜ¿ØÖÆÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌµÄ×îÔçµÄµã. Èç¹ûÄú½«LILO×°ÔÚMBR, µ±ÄúµÄ
»úÆ÷Æô¶¯ ʱ, LILO½«ÏÔʾһ¸öboot: Ìáʾ; È»ºó, Äú¿ÉÒÔ
Æô¶¯Red Hat Linux»òLILOÅä ÖÃµÄÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ.
Èç¹ûÄúÒѾÔÚʹÓÃÆäËûÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷(ÀýÈçOS/2µÄBoot Manager), ½¨ÒéÄú½« LILO×°
ÔÚ¸ù·ÖÇøµÄµÚÒ»¸öÉÈÇø. Õâʱ, ÄúµÄÆäËûÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷½«Ê×ÏÈ
È¡µÃ¶Ô»úÆ÷µÄ¿ØÖÆ. Äú¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃÄúµÄÆô¶¯¹ÜÀíÆ÷À´Æô¶¯LILO(È»ºóLILOÆô¶¯Red Hat
Linux).
Ò»¸ö¶Ô»°¿òÈÃÄúÑ¡ÔñLILO°²×°µÄ·½Ê½(¼ûͼ45). Ñ¡ÔñÄúÏ£Íû½«LILO°²×°µÄµØ·½²¢°´
OK. Èç¹ûÄú²»Ïë°²×°LILO, °´Skip.
ͼ45: °²×°
LILO
Çë×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñSkip,Äú½«²»ÄÜÖ±½ÓÆô¶¯ÄúµÄRed Hat Linux ϵͳ, Äú±ØÐëʹÓÃ
ÆäËûÆô¶¯·½Ê½(ÈçÈíÅÌÆô¶¯). Ö»Óе±ÄúÖªµÀÄúÓÐÆô¶¯Red
Hat Linux ϵͳµÄÆäËû·½·¨Ê±, Äú²ÅÄܲ»°²×°LILO!
5.9.1 LILOÆô¶¯ÃüÁîÐÐÔö¼ÓÑ¡Ïî
È»ºó, °²×°³ÌÐò»áÎÊÄúÊÇ·ñÏëΪLILOÆô¶¯ÃüÁîÔö¼ÓĬÈÏÑ¡Ïî(¼ûͼ46). ÄúÊäÈëµÄÈκÎ
Ñ¡ÏîÔÚÿ´ÎÆô¶¯Ê±¶¼½«±»´«¸øLinuxÄÚºË. »Ø¹ËÔÚµÚ
2.3.1 ½ÚÖÐÄú¼ÆËã»úµÄBIOSÉèÖÃ, Èç¹ûÄú·¢ÏÖÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úÓÃLBAģʽ·ÃÎÊÓ²ÅÌ, ÇëÑ¡
Use linear mode. ½áÊøºóÑ¡ÔñOK²¢°´[Space].
ͼ 46: LILOÑ¡Ïî
×îºó, °²×°³ÌÐò»á³öÏÖÀàËÆÍ¼47µÄ¶Ô»°¿ò. ÁгöÁËËùÓпÉÒÔÆô¶¯µÄ·ÖÇø, °üÀ¨ÓÃÓÚÆäËû
²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ·ÖÇø. ÔÚ°²×°ÄúµÄRed Hat Linux ¸ùÎļþ
ϵͳµÄ·ÖÇøµÄ'Boot label'À¸½«ÓÐlinuxÕâ¸ö×Ö. ÆäËû·ÖÇøÒ²¿ÉÄÜÓÐ Æô¶¯±ê¼Ç. Èç¹û
ÄúÏëΪÆäËû·ÖÇøÔö¼ÓÆô¶¯±ê¼Ç(»òÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸öÒÑ´æÔ򵀮ô¶¯
±ê¼Ç), ÇëÓà ¹â±ê¼üÑ¡ÔñÄǸö·ÖÇø. È»ºóÓÃ[Tab]¼üÑ¡ÔñEdit°´Å¥, ²¢°´[Space].
Äú½«¿´µ½Ò»¸öСµÄ¶Ô»°¿òÈÃÄúÊäÈë/Ð޸ķÖÇøµÄÆô¶¯±ê¼Ç. Íê
³Éºó°´Ok.
ͼ47: Ñ¡Ôñ¿ÉÆô¶¯·Ö
Çø
»¹ÓÐÒ»À¸½Ð'Default'. ÔÚÕâÒ»À¸Ö»ÓÐÒ»¸ö·ÖÇø°üº¬Ò»¸öÐǺÅ. Èç¹ûÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±Ã»ÓÐ Óû§
ÊäÈë, ÔòLILO½«Æô¶¯°üº¬ÐǺŵÄÄǸö·ÖÇø. ×î³õRed
Hat Linux¸ù·ÖÇø±»Ñ¡ÎªÄ¬ÈÏ ÖÃ. Èç¹ûÄúÏëÐÞ¸Ä, Óùرê¼üÒÆµ½ÄúÏëÑ¡µÄĬÈÏ·ÖÇø°´
[F2]. ÐǺŻáÒÆµ½ Ñ¡ÔñµÄ·ÖÇø. ½áÊøºó, Ñ¡Ok, ²¢°´
[Space].
5.9.2 LILOµÄÌæ´úÕß
Èç¹ûÄú²»ÏëʹÓÃLILOÆô¶¯ÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ, ¿ÉÒÔÓÐÒ»Ð©Ìæ´úÕß:
Æô¶¯ÈíÅÌ
Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓð²×°³ÌÐòÖÆ×÷µÄÆô¶¯ÈíÅÌ(Èç¹ûÄúÖÆ×÷ÁËÒ»ÕÅ).
LOADLIN
¿ÉÒÔÔÚMS-DOS×°ÔØLinux; ²»ÐÒµÄÊÇËüÐèÒªÔÚMS-DOS ·ÖÇøÓÐÒ»¸öLinuxÄÚºË
(Èç¹ûÄúÓÐSCSI¿¨,»¹ÐèÒªinitial ram disk). ×öµ½ÕâÒ»µãµÄ
Ψһ ·½·¨ÊÇÓÃÆäËû·½·¨(ÈçLILO)Æô¶¯Red Hat LinuxÈ»ºó½«Äں˿½±´µ½MS-
DOS·ÖÇø. LOADLIN ·ÅÔÚ
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/boot/dualboot/
ºÍ sunsiteµÄ²»Í¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã.
SYSLINUX
ÊÇÒ»¸öÀàËÆLOADLINµÄMS-DOS³ÌÐò; Ëü·ÅÔÚ
ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/system/boot/dualboot/
ºÍ sunsiteµÄ²»Í¬¾µÏñÕ¾µã.
һЩÉÌÒµµÄÆô¶¯Æ÷,
ÀýÈç System Commander¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯Linux (µ«ÈÔÒªÇóLILO°²×°ÔÚLinuxµÄ¸ù
·ÖÇø).
5.10 ½áÊø...
ÔÚÄúÍê³ÉLILO°²×°ºó, °²×°³ÌÐò½«ÖØÆô¶¯ÄúµÄϵͳ. ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÈ¡³öÈíÅÌ(³ý·ÇÄú´òËã ÓÃ
ÖÆ×÷µÄÈíÅÌÆô¶¯).
ÔÚ»úÆ÷Õý³£Éϵç¹ý³ÌÍê³ÉÖ®ºó, Äú½«¿´µ½LILOµÄ±ê×¼Ìáʾboot:. ÔÚboot: Ìáʾ, Äú
¿ÉÒÔ×öÒÔÏÂÊÂÇé:
°´[Enter] -- Æô¶¯LILOµÄĬÈÏÌõÄ¿(ÔÚͼ47 ËùʾµÄ¶Ô»°¿òÖж¨Òå).
ÊäÈëÆô¶¯±ê¼Ç,È»ºó°´[Enter] -- Æô¶¯±ê¼ÇËù¶ÔÓ¦µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ.
²»ÊäÈë -- ÔÚLILOÒ»¶Îʱ¼ä(ĬÈÏÖµÊÇÎåÃë)×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯Ä¬ÈÏÌõÄ¿.
ÓÃÊʺϵķ½·¨Æô¶¯Red Hat Linux. Äú½«¿´µ½Ò»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÐÅÏ¢ÔÚ¹ö¶¯µÄÆÁÄ». ×îºó, Äú
»á¿´µ½login:Ìáʾ.
¹§Ï²! ÄúµÄRed Hat Linux°²×°ÒѾÍê³É! Èç¹ûÄú²»ÖªµÀÏÂÒ»²½¸Éʲô, Çë·µ½µÚ 6
ÕÂ.
6 ÏÖÔÚ¸Éʲô?
ÏÖÔÚÄúÒѾ°²×°ÁËRed Hat Linux, Äú¿ÉÄÜ»áÏë'ÏÖÔÚ¸Éʲô?'. Èç¹ûÊǵϰ, ±¾Õ ÊÇ
ΪÄúдµÄ. ÎÒÃǽ«ÏȽéÉÜΪÁË¿ªÊ¼ºÍ½áÊøRed Hat
LinuxϵͳÄú±ØÐëÖªµÀµÄ»ù±¾¸ÅÄî. È»ºóÎÒÃǽ«¸æËßÄú°²×°ÒÔºóÈçºÎ½øÐÐϵͳÅäÖÃ. µ«
ÊÇ, ÈÃÎÒÃÇÏÈ̸̸Îĵµ...
6.1 È¡µÃÊʺÏÄúµÄÎĵµ
6.2 »ù±¾µÄϵͳÈÎÎñ
6.3 X Windowϵͳ
6.4 ΪÄúµÄRed Hat Linux SystemÅäÖÃÉù¿¨
6.5 Êó±êÅäÖÃ
6.6 ÍòÎ¬Íø
6.1 È¡µÃÊʺÏÄúµÄÎĵµ
ÔÚµÚ2.1½ÚÎÒÃÇ̸µ½¹ý, È¡µÃÊʺÏÄúµÄLinuxˮƽ µÄÎĵµÊǺÜÖØÒªµÄ. ûÓÐʲô»á±ÈµÃ
²»µ½ºÏÊʵÄÎĵµ¸üÄÜÈÃÄúʹÓÃLinuxʧ°Ü.
Official Red Hat Linux 5.1 Installation GuideÊÇÄú°²×°Red Hat Linux
µÄÖ¸ÄÏ. °²×°Ö¸Äϲ»ÄÜÌṩÄúʹÓÃRed Hat LinuxËùÐèÒªµÄËùÓÐ
ÐÅÏ¢. ÒòΪËü½ö½öÊÇ'°² ×°Ö¸ÄÏ'!
ÈÃÎÒÃǸù¾ÝµÚ2.1½ÚµÄ·ÖÀàÀ´ÌÖÂÛ, ²¢ÈÃÎÒÃÇ ³¢ÊÔ¸øÄú¸ü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢. ÈÃÎÒÃÇÊ×ÏÈÁ˽âÄú
µÄ¾Ñéˮƽ. ÕâÀïÊÇÈýÖÖ»ù±¾·ÖÀà:
LinuxÐÂÊÖ -- ÒÔǰ´ÓδÓùýLinux(»òÀàËÆLinuxµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ), »ò ÕßÖ»ÓкÜ
ÉٵľÑé. ¶ÔÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ(ÈçWindows)¿ÉÄÜÓÐÒ²¿ÉÄÜûÓÐ
¾Ñé. ÊÇÄúÂð?Çë ·µ½µÚ6.1.1½Ú.
ÓÐһЩLinux¾Ñé -- ÒÔǰÒѾ°²×°²¢³É¹¦µØÊ¹ÓÃÁËLinux (µ«²»ÊÇ Red Hat
Linux). »òÕßÓÐÆäËûÀàËÆLinux²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¾Ñé. ÊÇÄúÂð?
Çë·µ½µÚ 6.1.2½Ú.
¸ßÊÖ -- Èç¹ûÄúÊǸßÊÖÇë·µ½µÚ6.1.3½Ú.
6.1.1 ÊʺÏLinuxÐÂÊÖµÄÎĵµ
'ǧÀïÖ®ÐÐʼÓÚ×ãÏÂ'. ÎÒÃǰÑѧϰʹÓÃLinux±È×÷ǧÀïÖ®ÐÐ. Äú»á·¢ÏÖÄú¿ÉÒÔºÜÈÝÒ× µÄ
×öʶøÊ¹ÓÃÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÈËÖ»ÄÜÃÎÏëÄÜ×öµ½ÕâЩÊÂ.
µ«ÊÇÄú±ØÐë´Óijһµã¿ªÊ¼,ÄÇ ¾ÍÊÇʼÓÚ×ãÏÂ.
µÚÒ»²½¾ÍÊÇҪȡµÃÎĵµ! Õ⵱Ȼ²»ÊDZØÐëµÄ; µ«ÊÇûÓÐÎĵµ, Ö»»áʹÄúÔÚʹÓÃRed Hat
LinuxʱÓöµ½¶àµÄ¿²¿À.
ÕâÊÇÄúÓ¦¸ÃѰÕÒµÄLinuxÎĵµ:
LinuxµÄ¼òÒªÀúÊ· -- LinuxÐí¶à·½ÃæµÄÌØÐÔ¶¼ÊÇÀúÊ·ÐγɵÄ. Linux ÎÄ»¯Ò²ºÜ
´ó³Ì¶ÈÉÏ»ùÓÚËüµÄÀúÊ·. ѧϰһµãLinuxÀúÊ·½«¶ÔÄúÓÐËù
°ïÖú, ÌØ±ðÊÇÄúÔÚ ÒòÌØÍøÉϺ͸üÓоÑéµÄLinuxÓû§½»Á÷ʱ. users on the
Internet.
LinuxÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ½éÉÜ -- ËäȻûÓбØÒªÌ½¾¿LinuxÄں˵Ĵó¶àÊýÉî°ÂµÄ µØ·½,
µ«ÊÇ×îºÃÁ˽âÒ»ÏÂLinuxÊÇÈçºÎ×é³ÉµÄ. ÓÈÆäʱÄúÒѾÓÃ
¹ýÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ; Äú´Ó ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳµÃµ½µÄ¹ØÓÚ¼ÆËã»úÊÇÈçºÎ¹¤×÷µÄ¼Ù¶¨Ò²Ðí²»
ÊʺÏLinux. ¹ØÓÚLinuxÈçºÎ ¹¤×÷µÄÎÄÕÂ(ÌØ±ðÊÇËüºÍ
ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÇø±ð), ¶ÔÄú¿ªÊ¼Red Hat LinuxϵͳºÜÓмÛÖµ.
LinuxÃüÁî½éÉÜ(´øÀý×Ó) -- Õâ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÄúÒªÕÒµÄ×îÖØÒªµÄ¶«Î÷. LinuxµÄ Ò»¸ö
Éè¼ÆÕÜѧÊÇΪÁËÍê³ÉijЩ¹¤×÷×îºÃʹÓÃÐí¶àСµÄÃüÁî,°ÑËü
ÃÇÓò»Í¬µÄ·½·¨×éºÏÆð À´, ¶ø²»ÒªÊ¹ÓúÜÉٵĴóÃüÁî. Èç¹ûûÓÐLinuxÈçºÎÍê³É
ijЩ¹¤×÷µÄÀý×Ó, Äú¿ÉÄܱ» LinuxÌṩµÄÃüÁîÏŵ¹.
ÔÚÄúÈ¡µÃ¸ü¶àʹÓÃRed Hat LinuxϵͳµÄ¾Ñéºó, Äú¿ÉÄÜ»áÐèÒª¸ü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢. ÄÇô, Çë
¼ÌÐøÔĶÁÏÂÒ»½Ú.
6.1.2 ÊʺϸüÓоÑéµÄLinuxÓû§µÄÎĵµ
Èç¹ûÄúÒѾÓùýÆäËûLinux·¢Ðа汾, Äú¿ÉÄÜÒÑ¾ÕÆÎÕÁ˳£ÓõÄÃüÁî. Äú¿ÉÄÜÒѾ °²×°
ÁËÄú×Ô¼ºµÄLinuxϵͳ, ÉõÖÁÄú¿ÉÄÜÒѾÏÂÔØ²¢°²×°ÁË
Äú´ÓÒòÌØÍøÉÏ·¢ÏÖµÄÈí¼þ. ÄúÐèҪʲôÐÅÏ¢ÄØ?
¿ÉÓÃÃüÁîµÄÇåµ¥ -- ËäÈ»Äú¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÔÚÏß°ïÖúµÃµ½ÕâЩÐÅÏ¢, Äú»¹ÊÇÕÒ Ò»±¾Êé½ÏºÃ.
Êг¡ÉÏÓÐһЩÕâÑùµÄÊé, Red Hat³ö°æÁËLinux
Complete Command Reference. Õâ±¾Êé°üº¬Á˼¸°Ù¸öÃüÁî,ϵͳµ÷ÓúÍÎļþ¸ñ
ʽ,ºÜÈÝÒ×ÔĶÁ. ×îºÃµÄÊéÔÚCD-ROMÉÏ, ÓÐË÷Òý, ÈÝÒײé
ÕÒ. Ò»±¾Êé·Ç³£ÊÊÓÃÓÚ:
Ϊij¸öÌØ¶¨ÈÎÎñÕÒµ½ºÏÊʵÄÃüÁî.
ѧϰÈçºÎÇ¡µ±µØÊ¹ÓÃÃüÁî.
ÃæÏòÈÎÎñµÄÐÅÏ¢ -- ºÜ¶àʱºî, ÄúÏëÒÔijÖÖ·½Ê½À´ÅäÖÃÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ,
µ«Äú²»ÖªµÀÈçºÎÏÂÊÖ. Õâʱ, ¿´¿´±ðÈËÔÚÀàËÆµÄÇé¿ö
ÏÂÔõô×ö»áÓкܴó µÄ°ïÖú. Õâ¾ÍÊÇLinuxÎĵµ¼Æ»®(LDP)Ëù×öµÄ. ËüÃǵÄÿ¸ö
HOWTOÎĵµ, Õë¶Ôij¸öÌØ¶¨µÄ ·½Ãæ, ´ÓµÍ¶ÎµÄÄÚºË,µ½ÈçºÎ
ÔÚÒµÓà°®ºÃÕßÎÞÏßµçվʹÓÃLinux.
Èç¹ûÔÚÄú°²×°ÁËhowto°ü, Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚ/usr/doc/HOWTOĿ¼ÕÒµ½ ÕâЩHOWTO.
Èç¹ûÄúÏëµÃµ½ÕâЩÎĵµµÄ´òÓ¡°æ±¾, Red Hat Software³ö°æÁË
Linux Undercover.
6.1.3 ÊʺÏLinux¸ßÊÖµÄÎĵµ
Èç¹ûÄúÊÇÒ»¸öLinux¸ßÊÖ, Äú¿ÉÄÜÖªµÀÓ¦¸Ã¶Áʲô:
Ô´³ÌÐò!
×øÏÂÀ´ÔĶÁÔ´³ÌÐò²¢Àí½âËü. ÐÒÔ˵ÄÊÇ, ÒòΪLinuxÊÇ×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ, ËùÒÔºÜÈÝÒ׵õ½ Ô´³Ì
Ðò. ÎÊÌâÊÇÄúÄÜ·ñ¶ÁµÃ¶®...
ºÃÁË,ÈÃÎÒÃǽáÊø¹ØÓÚÎĵµµÄÌÖÂÛ, À´¿´Ò»¿´¾³£Ê¹ÓõÄϵͳÈÎÎñ.
6.2 »ù±¾µÄϵͳÈÎÎñ
»¹¼ÇµÃÈËÃÇ´ÓWindows 3.1Éý¼¶µ½Windows 95µÄʱºòÂð? ÈËÃÇϰ¹ßÁË3.1, ²»ÖªµÀ
Èç ºÎÔÚWindows 95ÏÂ×öͬÑùµÄÒ»¼þÊÂ. ÔÚÕâÒ²Ò»Ñù. Èç¹ûÄú
ÓÐÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ¾Ñé, ¶ø ûÓÐLinux¾Ñé, Äú±ØÐëµ÷Õû×öÊµķ½·¨. һЩÈÎÎñ¿ÉÄÜÏà
ËÆ, һЩ¿ÉÄÜÍêÈ«²»Í¬,¶ø һЩ¿ÉÄÜÄú¸ù±¾Ã»ÓÐÓöµ½
¹ý.
ÈÃÎÒÃÇ´ÓһЩ¹²Í¬µÄÈÎÎñ¿ªÊ¼.
6.2.1 Æô¶¯ÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ
ÈÃÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úÔËÐÐRed Hat LinuxÐèÒªµÄ¹ý³Ì¿ÉÄܺÍÄúÒÔǰµÄÓе㲻ͬ. Èç¹ûÄúµÄ ¼Æ
Ëã»úûÓÐ×°ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ, Ö»Ðè½ÓͨµçÔ´, È»ºóµÈ´ý.
Äú½«¿´µ½¼ÆËã»úÔÚÏÔʾLILO ʱ»áÔÝÍ£Ò»»á, µ«Ëü»á¼ÌÐø, ÏÔʾ¸÷ÖÖÐÅÏ¢.
µ«ÊÇ, Èç¹ûÄúÈÃRed Hat LinuxºÍÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ¹²ÏíÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»ú, Äú¾Í±ØÐëÖ´ÐÐÒÔÏ ÈÎ
ÎñÖ®Ò»:
ÔÚLILOÌáʾÏÂÑ¡ÔñRed Hat Linux -- Èç¹ûÄú°²×°ÁËLILO, ²¢Îª°üº¬ÆäËû ²Ù
×÷ϵͳµÄ·ÖÇøÊäÈëÁËÆô¶¯±ê¼Ç, ÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¾Í±»ÅäÖóɶàÖØ
Æô¶¯. Õâ¾ÍÒâζ ×ÅÄú¿ÉÒÔÔÚLILO Boot:ÌáʾÏÂÊäÈëÄúÏëÆô¶¯µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÃû³Æ.
Èç¹ûÄúÔÚLILO Ìáʾϰ´[Tab], Äú»á¿´µ½LILO¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯
µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄÇåµ¥. Ñ¡ÔñRed Hat Linux, Äú¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÁË!
´ÓÈíÅÌÆô¶¯ -- Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ°²×°Red Hat LinuxÊ±ÖÆ×÷ÁËÆô¶¯ÈíÅÌ, Äú¿ÉÒÔ ´ÓÈí
ÅÌÆô¶¯. È·ÐÅÄúÒѽ«Æô¶¯Å̲åÈëÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úµÄµÚÒ»¸öÈíÅÌ
Çý¶¯Æ÷, È»ºó½ÓͨµçÔ´»ò °´RESET°´Å¥»ò°´[Ctrl], [Alt], ºÍ[Del].
6.2.2 µÇ¼, Í˳ö
Red Hat LinuxÆô¶¯ºó, Äú½«¿´µ½ÀàËÆÒÔϵÄÐÅÏ¢:
Red Hat Linux release 5.1 (Manhattan)
Kernel 2.0.34 on an i586
login:
´Ó×îºóÒ»ÐпÉÒÔ³ö, ÏÖÔڸõǼÁË...
6.2.2.1 怬
µÚÒ»´ÎµÇ¼Red Hat Linuxϵͳ, Äú±ØÐë×÷Ϊ'root'µÇ¼. Õâ¸öÕʺŶÔϵͳµÄÒ»ÇÐ ¶¼
ÓÐÍêÈ«µÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ. ͨ³£rootºÅÊÇÓÃÀ´Ö´ÐÐϵͳ¹ÜÀíÈÎ
Îñ, Èç´´½¨ÐµÄÓû§ÕʺÅ, ¹Ø»úµÈµÈ. ÒòΪrootµÄȨÏÞ²»ÊÜÏÞÖÆ, Èç¹ûÄúÊäÈë´íÎóµÄÃü
Áî¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÔÖÄÑÐԵĺó¹û. ËùÒÔÔÚÒÔrootµÇ¼ʱ, ±Ø
Ðë¸ñÍâСÐÄ, ²¢ÇÒÖ»ÓÐÔÚ±ØÐëʱ²ÅÓÃrootµÇ¼.
ΪÁ˵Ǽ, ÔÚlogin:Ìáʾ·û´¦ÊäÈëroot. °´[Enter] (»ò [Return])¼ü. »á³öÏÖ
Password:Ìáʾ. ÊäÈëÄúÔÚµÚ5.7 ½ÚÊäÈëµÄ¿ÚÁî, °´[Enter]. ÄúÓ¦
¸Ã¿´µ½ÀàËÆÒÔϵÄÐÅÏ¢:
[root@bigdog /root]#
¹§Ï²! ÄúÒѾ³É¹¦µØµÇ¼! ½ÓÏÂÀ´ÎÒÃÇÀ´Ñ§Ï°ÈçºÎÍ˳ö.
6.2.2.2 Í˳ö
ÔÚÄúÓÃÍêRed Hat Linuxϵͳ, Äú±ØÐëÍ˳ö. ËäÈ»´ó¶àÊýshellÓÐlogout ÃüÁî, ¶à
ÊýÈËÊäÈë[Ctrl]-[D]. Õâ»áʹÄú»áµ½loginÌáʾ·û.
Çë×¢Òâ: Èç¹ûÄúʹÓÃX Windowϵͳ, ¸ù¾ÝÄúÈçºÎÆô¶¯X, ÄúµÄÍ˳ö·½·¨»áÓÐ Ëù²»Í¬.
ÎÒÃǽ«ÔÚÒÔºóÌÖÂÛ.
ÏÖÔÚÄúÖªµÀÈçºÎµÇ¼ºÍÍ˳ö, ÈÃÎÒÃǼÌÐø...
6.2.3 ÕʺźͿÚÁî
ÎÒÃÇÒѾÌáµ½¹ý, Ò»Ö±ÓÃrootÕʺŵǼ²»ÊÇÒ»¸öºÃÖ÷Òâ. Äú²»¿É±ÜÃâµØ»á·¸´íÎó, ¶øÈ¨
ÏÞ¼ì²éÔÚÕâÊDz»Äܱ£»¤Äú.
Èç¹û, Äú²»ÓÃrootµÇ¼, ÄúÓÃËÀ´µÇÂ¼ÄØ?
µ±È»ÊÇÄú×Ô¼º.
µ«ÎªÁË×öµ½ÕâÒ»µã, Äú±ØÐëÖªµÀÈçºÎÔÚRed Hat LinuxϵͳÔö¼ÓÓû§ÕʺÅ.
6.2.3.1 ÕʺÅ
´´½¨ÐµÄÕʺÅÓм¸ÖÖ·½·¨. ÎÒÃǽ«Ê¹ÓÃ×î»ù±¾µÄ·½·¨; useraddÃüÁî. »ù±¾ÉÏ, ËùÓÐÄú
ÒªÊäÈëµÄ(¼Çס,×÷Ϊroot!)¾ÍÊÇ:
[root@bigdog /root]# useradd blarg
[root@bigdog /root]#
ºÃ, ÏÖÔÚÈÃÎÒÃǵǼ:
Red Hat Linux release 5.1 (Manhattan)
Kernel 2.0.34 on an i586
login: blarg
Password:
Login incorrect
login:
ÒòΪ²»ÖªµÀblargµÄ¿ÚÁî, ÎÒÃÇÖ»Êǰ´[Enter]. ÄDz»ÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ¿ÚÁî. ÄÇô, ÄúΪеÄ
ÕʺŷÖÅäµÄ¿ÚÁîÊÇÊ²Ã´ÄØ?
6.2.3.2 ¿ÚÁî
passwdÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´:
Ϊд´½¨µÄÓû§·ÖÅä¿ÚÁî.
ÐÞ¸ÄÒÑ´æÔÚµÄÓû§µÄ¿ÚÁî.
ÐÞ¸ÄÄúµÇ¼µÄÓû§µÄ¿ÚÁî.
ǰÁ½ÖÖÇé¿öʵ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ; Ò»¸öд´½¨µÄÓû§ºÍÒ»¸öÒÑ´æÔÚÎåÄêµÄÓû§Ã»Ê²Ã´Çø ±ð(ÖÁ
ÉÙ¶ÔpasswdÊÇÕâÑù). ¼ÇסÄú±ØÐëÒÔrootµÇ¼, ²¢ÇÒ
Äú±ØÐëÄĸöÕÊ»§µÄ ¿ÚÁîÊÇÄúÏëÐ޸ĵÄ. ÓÃÎÒÃǸղŴ´½¨µÄÕʺÅ, À´ÊÔÒ»ÏÂpasswd:
[root@bigdog /root]# passwd blarg
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully
[root@bigdog /root]#
Äú¿ÉÄÜÒѾ²Âµ½, ¿ÚÁî²»»áÏÔʾ³öÀ´. Äú»¹±ØÐëÊäÈëÁ½´Î¿ÚÁî, ÒÔÈ·±£ÄúûÓÐÊä´í. ÈÃ
ÎÒÃÇÔÙÀ´ÊÔÒ»ÏÂÓÃÐÂÕʺŵǼ:
Red Hat Linux release 5.1 (Manhattan)
Kernel 2.0.34 on an i586
login: blarg
Password:
[blarg@bigdog blarg]$
Ò»µ©ÄúµÇ¼ÁËÒ»¸öÕʺÅ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃpasswdÃüÁîÀ´Ð޸ĿÚÁî. Õâʱ»áѯÎÊ Äúµ±Ç°µÄ¿ÚÁî,
È»ºóÊÇпÚÁî:
[blarg@bigdog blarg]$ passwd
Changing password for blarg
(current) UNIX password:
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully
[blarg@bigdog blarg]$
¾ÍÕâô¼òµ¥.
6.2.3.3 suÃüÁî
ÓÐʱÄú¿ÉÄÜÏë×÷ΪÆäËûÓû§·¢³öÃüÁî. ͨ³£ÏµÍ³¹ÜÀíÔ±ÐèÒªÕâ¸ö¹¦ÄÜ -- ËûÃÇ(Ïë ËùÓÐ
ºÃµÄϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±)ÔÚ´ó¶àÊýʱ¼äÓÃËûÃÇ×Ô¼ºµÄÕʺÅ. µ«
¿ÉÄÜÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸öÓû§µÄ ¿ÚÁî, »òÕßÐÞ¸ÄÒ»¸öϵͳÎļþµÄ·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ. ÕâÖÖÊÇÖ»ÐèÒªÒ»·Ö
ÖÓ, ËùÒÔÍ˳ö, ×÷Ϊ rootµÇ¼, ×öÍêrootÒª×öµÄÊÂ
Çé, Í˳ö, ×îºóÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÕʺÅÔڵǼ, ÕâºÜÂé·³.
¼òµ¥µÄ·½·¨¾ÍÊÇÓÃsuÃüÁî. ÓÃsu, Äúµ±Ç°µÄµÇ¼¶ÎÄÜ'±ä³É' root(»òÆäËûÓû§)µÄµÇ
¼¶Î. ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖÐ, blargÓû§¾ö¶¨×öһЩrootÒª×ö
µÄÊÂ:
[blarg@bigdog blarg]$ su
Password:
[root@bigdog blarg]#
Äú¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½, ÊäÈësuÃüÁîºó, »áÒªÇóÄúÊäÈë¿ÚÁî -- rootµÄ¿ÚÁî. ÕýÈ· ÊäÈëºó, ³öÏÖ
ÁËͨ³£µÄshell Ìáʾ·û. µ«Èç¹ûÄú×Ðϸ¿´µÄ»°, »á·¢ÏÖ
Õâ¸öshellÌáʾ·û ÓÐËù²»Í¬. µÚÒ», ËüÒÔroot¿ªÊ¼, ±íÃ÷µ±Ç°Óû§ÒѾ¸Ä±äÁË. Æä´Î,
Ìáʾ·û µÄ½áÊø×Ö·û²»Í¬, ´ÓÃÀÔª·ûºÅ($)±ä³ÉÁ˾®ºÅ
(#). ÕâÊDZíÃ÷shellÊÇ·ñÒÔrootÔËÐеĴ« ͳ·½·¨.
Ò²¿ÉÒÔÓÃsu±ä³ÉÆäËûÓû§. Õâʱ, Äú±ØÐë×÷ΪrootÔËÐÐsu, ¸ø ³öÓû§Ãû. ËùÓÐ, ´Ó
root±ä³Éblarg, ÄúÖ»ÐèÊäÈëÃüÁîsu blarg. Õâʱ²»ÐèÒª
¿ÚÁî -- ÄúÒѾÊÇroot, ËùÒÔ¿ÚÁîÊǶàÓàµÄ.
Äú»á·¢ÏÖsu´øÀ´ºÜ¶à±ãÀû, ÌØ±ðÊÇÄú×÷Ϊ×Ô¼ºÏµÍ³µÄ¹ÜÀíÔ±.
6.2.4 ¹Ø±ÕRed Hat Linuxϵͳ
ÔÚÄú½áÊøÊ¹ÓÃRed Hat Linuxϵͳºó, ÄúÐèÒª¹Ø±ÕËü. È»¶ø, Õâ²»½ö½öÊÇÇжϵçÔ´. ÒÔ
ÏÂÊÇÀíÓÉ:
ËäÈ»Äú¿ÉÄÜÔÚ×¼±¸¹Ø±ÕʱûÓÐÔËÐÐÈκγÌÐò, ÄDz¢²»Òâζ×ÅÄúµÄRed Hat LinuxϵͳÉÏ
ûÓÐÔËÐÐÈκζ«Î÷. ΪÁËÀí½âÕâµã, ÊäÈëÕâÌõÃüÁî:
ps ax
psÏÔʾµÄÿһÐдú±íÁËÒ»¸ö½ø³Ì. Äú¿ÉÒ԰ѽø³Ì¿´×÷'ÔËÐÐ×Å µÄ³ÌÐò'. ÿ¸ö½ø³Ì¶¼¿ÉÄÜ
ÕýÔÚ¶ÔÎļþ½øÐвÙ×÷, Èç¹ûÄú½ö½öÇжϵçÔ´, ÕâЩ½ø
³Ì¾Íû Óлú»á¹Ø±ÕÄÇЩÎļþ, Õý³£½áÊøÔËÐÐ. ËùÒÔÔڹرÕÄúµÄϵͳʱ, Äú±ØÐë¸æËßËùÓÐ
µÄ½ø³Ì ½áÊøÔËÐÐ. Õâ¾ÍÊÇʹÓÃshutdownÃüÁî.
shutdownÖ»ÄÜÓÉrootÔËÐÐ, ËùÓÐÄú±ØÐë»òÕßÒÔrootµÇ¼,»òÕßÓÃsu ÃüÁî'±ä³É
'root. shutdownµÄ¸ñʽÊÇ:
shutdown <options> <time>
Çë×¢Òâ: shutdown³ÌÐòÔÚ/sbinĿ¼. Èç¹ûÄúµÄPATH »·¾³±äÁ¿²»°üÀ¨/sbin, Äú±Ø
ÐëÔÚÊäÈëÃüÁîʱ°üº¬Â·¾¶(ÀýÈç,/sbin/shutdown -h now).
¶àÊýÇé¿öÏÂ, Äú±ØÐë°üº¬ÏÂÁÐÑ¡ÏîÖ®Ò»:
-h -- ÔڹرÕÍê³ÉºóÍ£Ö¹(Halt)ϵͳ.
-r -- ÔڹرÕÍê³ÉºóÖØÆô¶¯(Reboot)ϵͳ.
Èç¹ûÄú²»°üº¬ÈκÎÑ¡Ïî, shutdown½«Ê¹ÄúµÄϵͳ½øÈë'µ¥Óû§'ģʽ. ³ý·Ç ÄúÖªµÀΪʲ
ôҪ½øÈëµ¥Óû§Ä£Ê½, ·ñÔòÄú¿ÉÄܲ»ÔÒâ½øÈëµ¥Óû§Ä£
ʽ. ÊäÈë¹Ø±ÕÃüÁî (ÓÃ-h »ò -r), ¹Ø±Õ½«Õý³£Íê³É.
shutdownÃüÁ¿ÉÒÔʹÄúÔÚʱ¼äÉÏÓÐÒ»¶¨Áé»îÐÔ. Èç¹ûÄúÏëÁ¢¼´¹Ø±Õ, Ö»ÒªÊäÈë
'now'. Èç¹ûÄúÏëÎå·ÖÖÓÒÔºó¹Ø±Õ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈë'+5'. Òò´Ë,Ãü
Áî:
shutdown -r +15
Òâζ×Å, 'Ê®Îå·ÖÖÓºó¹Ø±Õϵͳ,µ±¹Ø±ÕÍê³ÉºóÖØÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³'. shutdown »¹°üÀ¨Ðí¶àÑ¡Ïî,
ÎÒÃÇÖ»½éÉÜÁË»ù±¾µÄÑ¡Ïî. Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÐËȤѧϰ¸ü¶à
µÄ, ÊäÈëman shutdown ¿ÉÒÔ¸ü¶àµØÁ˽âshutdown.
6.3 The X Window System
µ±ÄúµÚÒ»´ÎµÇ¼ʱʹÓõÄÊÇ×Ö·û½çÃæ, Ðí¶àÈ˸üϲ»¶Í¼ÐνçÃæ. ¶ÔLinuxϵͳ, ͼÐÎ ½ç
ÃæµÄÑ¡Ôñ¾ÍÊÇX Windowϵͳ.
ΪÁËÔËÐÐX, Äú±ØÐëÒѾ°²×°Á˱ØÐëµÄ°ü. Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ°²×°Red Hat LinuxʱѡÔñÁË'X
Window System' ×é¼þ, ÄÇôһÇж¼ÒѾ׼±¸ºÃÁË. Çë·
µ½6.3.2½Ú.
6.3.1 Èç¹ûÄúûÓа²×°X
Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ°²×°Red Hat LinuxʱûÓÐÑ¡Ôñ'X Window System'×é¼þ, ÄÇôÄúµÄRed
Hat Linuxϵͳ²»»áÓбØÐëµÄÈí¼þ. ËäÈ»¿ÉÒÔÊÖ¹¤°²×°ËùÐëµÄ
°ü, µ«Äú»á·¢ÏÖÖØÐ°²×°¸üÈÝ Ò×, ÌØ±ðÊÇÈç¹ûÄúÊÇLinuxÐÂÊֵϰ.
µ±È», Èç¹ûÄúÏë³¢ÊÔ, Red Hat³£¼ûÎÊÌâ, ¸½Â¼E.8.1 ÌÖÂÛÁËÊÖ¹¤°²×°XÐèÒªµÄ°ü.
6.3.1.1 XFree86ÅäÖÃ
ÓÐÈýÖÖ·½·¨ÎªÄúµÄ»úÆ÷ÅäÖÃXFree86:
Xconfigurator
xf86config
ÊÖ¹¤
Xconfigurator ºÍ xf86config ÔÚ¹¦ÄÜÉÏÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ²¢ÇÒͬÑù¹¤ ×÷µÃºÜºÃ. Èç¹ûÄúÏë
µÃµ½¸ü¶àµÄÎĵµ, Çë²Î¼û:
http://www.xfree86.org
Xconfigurator ÊÇÒ»¸öÈ«ÆÁÄ»µÄ²Ëµ¥Çý¶¯µÄ³ÌÐòÓÃÀ´Òýµ¼ÄúÅäÖÃÄúµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
xf86configÊÇËæXFree86·¢²¼µÄÃæÏòÃüÁîÐеijÌÐò. Ëü²»Èç
Xconfigurator ·½±ã, µ«¸üÍêÕû. Èç¹ûÕâЩ¹¤¾ß¶¼²»ÄÜÌṩһ¸ö¿ÉÒÔ¹¤×÷µÄ
XF86ConfigÎļþ, Äú¿ÉÄÜÓв»Ö§³ÖµÄ¿¨»òÕßÄú±ØÐëÊÖ¹¤Ð´ÅäÖÃÎļþ.
ͨ³£Çé¿öÊÇǰÕß, ËùÓÐÔÚÊÔͼ×Ô¼º дÅäÖÃÎļþ֮ǰ, ¼ì²éÒ»ÏÂÄúµÄ¿¨ÊÇ·ñ±»Ö§³Ö. Èç¹û
ÄúµÄ¿¨²»±»XFree86Ö§³Ö, ÄúÒ²ÐíµÃ¿¼ÂÇʹÓÃÉÌÆ·»¯
µÄX·þÎñÆ÷. Èç¹ûÄú¶ÔÄúµÄÏÔʾ ¿¨ÊÇ·ñ±»Ö§³ÖÓÐÎÊÌâ, Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼ì²é
http://www.xfree86.org µÃµ½¹ØÓÚXFree86µÄÐÅÏ¢.
X·þÎñÆ÷
¼Ù¶¨ÄúÔÚ°²×°Ê±Ñ¡ÔñÁ˺ÏÊʵÄÏÔʾ¿¨, ÄúµÄX·þÎñÆ÷Ó¦¸ÃÒѾÕýÈ·µØ°²×°. ÒÔºóÔËÐÐ
Xconfigurator »ò xf86config, Äã±ØÐëÑ¡ÔñÏàͬµÄÏÔʾ
¿¨, ²»È» ×Ô¶¯¼ì²â½«Ê§°Ü.
Èç¹ûÄúÈÏΪÄúΪÄúµÄÏÔʾ¿¨°²×°ÁË´íÎóµÄX·þÎñÆ÷, Äú±ØÐëÔÚÅäÖÃ֮ǰ°²×°Ò»¸öÕýÈ· µÄ.
ÀýÈç, Èç¹ûCD×°ÔÚ/mnt/cdrom, ¶øÄúÐèÒª°²×°S3·þÎñ
Æ÷, ÊäÈëÒÔÏÂÃüÁî:
cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS
rpm -ivh XFree86-S3-3.1.2-1.i386.rpm
ln -sf ../../usr/X11R6/bin/XF86_S3 /etc/X11/X
Õ⽫°²×°S3·þÎñÆ÷²¢×ö³öÕýÈ·µÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó.
Xconfigurator
Äú±ØÐëÊ×ÏÈÑ¡ÔñÏÔʾ¿¨À´ÅäÖÃX Windows. ¹ö¶¯Ö§³ÖµÄ¿¨µÄÇåµ¥Ö±ÖÁÕÒµ½ÄúµÄ¿¨. ±í48
Ò²ÐíÄܰïÖúÄú¾ö¶¨ÊʺÏÄúÓ²¼þµÄÏÔʾ·þÎñÆ÷. Èç¹ûÄú
µÄ¿¨Ã»ÓÐÁгö, ¿ÉÄÜËü²»±»XFree86Ö§³Ö. ÕâʱÄú¿ÉÒÔÑ¡ÔñÇåµ¥ÖеÄ×îºóÒ»Ïî
(Unlisted Card)»òÒ»¸öÉÌÒ³µÄX Windows·þÎñÆ÷.
ÏÂÒ»²½ÊÇÑ¡ÔñÄúµÄÏÔʾÆ÷. Èç¹ûÄúµÄÏÔʾÆ÷ûÓÐÁгö, Äú¿ÉÒÔÑ¡Ôñij¸öͨÓõÄÏÔʾ Æ÷Àà
ÐÍ»òÕß'Custom'È»ºóÊäÈëÄú×Ô¼ºµÄ²ÎÊý. Óû§»¯µÄÏÔ
ʾÆ÷ÅäÖýöÍÆ¼ö¸øÄÇЩÊìϤ CRTÏÔʾÆ÷ÄÚ²¿¹¤×÷µÄÈË. Ò»°ãÓû§Ó¦¸Ã´ÓÇåµ¥ÖÐÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸ö
ͨÓõÄÀàÐÍ. È»ºóÄúÒª¸æËß XconfiguratorÄúÓжàÉÙ
ÏÔʾÄÚ´æ. ½«¹â±êÒÆµ½ÊʺϵÄÌõÄ¿, È»ºó°´[Enter] »ò [F12] ¼ÌÐø. ¶ÔÓÚÏÂÒ»²½, ½¨
ÒéÄúÑ¡ÔñĬÈÏÖµ(No Clockchip Setting), µ«ÓоÑéµÄ
Óû§¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨Ä³¸öÊʺÏclockchip.
Ñ¡ÔñÄúµÄ·þÎñÆ÷
Èç¹ûÄú²»Çå³þÄúµÄоƬ×é, ×îºÃµÄ·½·¨ÊDz鿴¿¨. ±í48 ÁгöÄĸöоƬ×éÐèÒªÄĸö·þÎñÆ÷.
Ñ¡Ôñ×îÊʺÏÄúµÄÓ²¼þµÄÒ»¸ö.
Server
Chipset
8514
IBM 8514/A Boards and true clones
AGX
All XGA graphics boards
I128
#9 Imagine 128 (including Series II)
boards
Mach32
ATI boards using the Mach32 chipset
Mach64
ATI boards using the Mach64 chipset
Mach8
ATI boards using the Mach8 chipset
Mono
VGA boards in monochrome
P9000
Diamond Viper (but not the 9100) and
Others
S3
#9 Boards, most Diamonds, some
Orchids, Others
S3V
Boards using the S3 ViRGE (including
±à¼/etc/inittab.
ÖØÆô¶¯.
ÈÃÎÒÃÇÏêϸµÄ½âÊÍÿһ²½.
ÓÃtelinit²âÊÔxdm
-- telinitÃüÁîÊÇÓÃÀ´ ¸Ä±äÄúµÄRed Hat LinuxϵͳµÄ'ÔËÐм¶±ð'. ÕýÊÇÔËÐм¶±ð
¿ØÖÆ×Åϵͳ²Ù×÷µÄ²»Í¬·½Ãæ, °üÀ¨ÊÇ·ñÆô¶¯xdm. а²×°µÄ
Red Hat LinuxϵͳʹÓü¶±ð3ΪĬÈÏÖµ; Õâµ¼Ö ÄúÔڵǼʱ¿´µ½×Ö·û½çÃæ. ÒòΪxdm
ÊÇÔÚ¼¶±ð5Æô¶¯, Äú±ØÐëÊäÈëÃüÁî:
/sbin/telinit 5
Çë×¢Òâ: Äú±ØÐëÒÔrootµÇ¼À´Ê¹ÓÃtelinit. »¹Òª×¢ÒâÔÚÐÞ¸ÄÔËÐÐ ¼¶±ðʱÄú²»ÄÜRed
Hat LinuxϵͳÖÐÔËÐÐÈκγÌÐò, ÒòΪÐÞ¸ÄÔËÐм¶±ðʱ½«
ɱ ËÀËùÓÐÔËÐÐ×ŵijÌÐò.
Èç¹ûÒ»ÇÐÕý³£, ¶ÌÔÝÑÓ³ÙºóÄú½«¿´µ½xdmµÇ¼ÆÁÄ». µÇ¼²¢¼ì²éXµÄ×ÀÃæ. È»ºóÍ˳ö,
È·ÐÅxdmÖØÐ³öÏÖ. Èç¹ûÊÇÕâÑùµÄ»°, ÄúµÄϵͳ×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯
XµÄÅäÖà ÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ. Èç¹ûÓÐÎÊÌâ, Äú¿ÉÒÔͬ¹ýÔËÐÐtelinit(Èç, '/sbin/telinit
3'')»òÕßÖØÐÂÆô¶¯»Øµ½¼¶±ð3.
±à¼ /etc/inittab
-- Îļþ /etc/inittab ÊÇÓÃÀ´ ¾ö¶¨ÏµÍ³µÄĬÈÏÔËÐм¶±ðÒÔ¼°ÆäËûÊÂÇéµÄ. ÎÒÃÇÐèÒª
°ÑĬÈÏÔËÐм¶±ð´Ó3¸Äµ½5; Òò´Ë, ÎÒÃDZØÐë±à¼
/etc/inittab. ÓÃÄúÑ¡ÔñµÄ±à¼Æ÷ÐÞ¸Ä/etc/inittab ÖеÄÕâÒ»ÐÐ:
id:3:initdefault:
µ±ÄúÍê³Éʱ, ÄúÓ¦¸Ã¿´µ½:
id:5:initdefault:
Çë×¢Òâ: È·ÐÅÄúÖ»Êǽ«Êý×Ö3¸Ä³ÉÁË5! ²»ÒªÐÞ¸ÄÆäËûÈκζ«Î÷, ·ñÔòÄúµÄRed Hat
Linuxϵͳ¿ÉÄܸù±¾ÎÞ·¨Æô¶¯! ÐÞ¸ÄÖ®ºó, Í˳ö±à¼Æ÷, ÓÃ
ÕâÌõÃüÁî¼ì²éÄúµÄÐÞ¸Ä:
less /etc/inittab
(°´[Space]¼üÀ´·Ò³; [Q]Í˳ö.) Èç¹ûÒ»ÇÐÕý³£, ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÖØÆô¶¯ÁË.
ÖØÆô¶¯
-- ²Î¼ûµÚ6.2.4½ÚÒÔÖØÆô¶¯ ÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ. ¹§Ï²! ÄúÏÖÔÚÒѾÍêȫͼÐÎ
»¯ÁË(ºÃ,ÄúµÄϵͳÖÁÉÙÊÇ)...
6.3.2.3 ÐÞ¸ÄÄúµÄ×ÀÃæ
¸Ðлwmconfig, ʹÄú·½±ãµØÐÞ¸ÄÄúµÄ×ÀÃæÏÔʾ. Ñ¡ÔñPreferences ²Ëµ¥Ìõ, È»ºó
(ÔÚWM StyleÏÂ)Äú½«¿ÉÒÔÑ¡Ôñ²»Í¬µÄ×ÀÃæ(Ò²½Ð´°¿Ú¹ÜÀíÆ÷)ÐÎ
ʽ. Èç¹ûÄúÏëÁ˽â¸ü¶à, ÇëÔĶÁwmconfig°ïÖú.
6.3.2.4 »ùÓÚXµÄ¿ì½Ý¹¤¾ß
¶ÔÓÚRed Hat LinuxµÄÐÂÓû§, ÓÐһЩ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔʹ¹¤×÷¸ü¼òµ¥. ËüÃǶ¼ÐèÒªXÀ´ÔËÐÐ,
ËùÒÔÄú±ØÐëÏÈÉèÖúÃX. ÕâЩ¹¤¾ßÊÇ:
Óû§ÐÅÏ¢¹¤¾ß -- ·½±ãµØÐÞ¸ÄÄúµÄ'gecos', »ò»ù±¾ÕʺÅÐÅÏ¢. ÔËÐÐ
/usr/bin/userinfo.
Óû§¿ÚÁ¾ß -- ÓÃËü¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥µØÐ޸ĿÚÁî. ÔËÐÐ /usr/bin/userpasswd.
ÎļþÏµÍ³×°ÔØ(mount)¹¤¾ß -- Ê¹×°ÔØ»òÐ¶ÔØÎļþϵͳ¸ü¼òµ¥. ÿ¸ö¿É ×°ÔØµÄÎÄ
¼þϵͳ±ØÐëÔÚ/etc/fstabÖÐÓÐuserÑ¡Ïî(²Î¼ûmount ÔÚÏß°ï
ÖúÒԵõ½¹ØÓÚuserÑ¡ÏîµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢). ÔËÐÐ/usr/bin/usermount.
ÍøÂçÉ豸¹¤¾ß -- ÓÃÕâ¸ö¹¤¾ßÆô¶¯ºÍ½áÊøÍøÂç½çÃæ±ä³ÉÁ˵ã»÷µÄ²Ù×Ý. ÔËÐÐ
/usr/bin/usernet. ÒªÇóÿ¸öÓû§¿ØÖƵĽçÃæÊÇÓû§¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆ
µÄ.
6.4 ΪÄúµÄRed Hat LinuxϵͳÅäÖÃÉù¿¨
ÔÚĬÈÏÇé¿öÏÂ, Äú´Óа²×°µÄRed Hat LinuxϵͳÌýµ½µÄΨһÉùÒô¾ÍÊÇÆ½³£µÄ, ÎÞÁÄ µÄ
Ãù½Ð. Èç¹ûÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»úÓÐÒ»¿éÉù¿¨, Äú¿ÉÒÔÈÃËüÔÚRed
Hat LinuxϹ¤×÷. ÓÐʱºò(ÌØ ±ðÊÇ·ÇIntelϵͳ), ³É¹¦µØÊ¹Éù¿¨¹¤×÷ÐèÒªÖØ½¨ÄÚºË.
µ«´ó¶àÊýÇé¿ö¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÄ£¿é»¯ µÄÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐò.
6.4.1 Ä£¿é»¯µÄÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐò
[Intel ϵͳ: Ä£¿é»¯µÄÉùÒôÖ§³Ö½öÊÊÓÃÓÚIntel¼æÈÝϵͳ.]
ÔÚRed Hat Linux 5.1, ±ê×¼µÄOSS/FreeÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐòÒѾ±»¸ÄΪÍêȫģ¿é»¯. Õâ
Ê¹×°ÔØ»òжÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò²»ÐèÒªÖØÐ±àÒëÄں˻òÖØÐÂÆô
¶¯. ÕâÏ×÷ÓÉAlan Cox Íê³É²¢ÓÉRed Hat Software, IncÔÞÖú.
Çé²Î¼ûÔÚrhsoundÎļþĿ¼(/usr/doc/rhsound*)ϵÄREADMEÎÄ ¼þ. ×îÐÂÐÅÏ¢´æ
·ÅÔÚ
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/sound/.
Èç¹ûÄúÓйØÓÚÄ£¿é»¯µÄÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐòµÄÎÊÌâ, ÇëдÐÅÖÁ
sound-bugs@redhat.com. ¹ØÓÚÄ£¿é»¯µÄÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐò»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÓʼþÇåµ¥
(sound-list@redhat.com). ÈçÏ붨ÔÄ, дÐÅÖÁ
sound-list-request@redhat.com ²¢ÓÃ"subscribe"×÷Ϊ±êÌâ.
6.4.1.1 Ö§³ÖµÄÉù¿¨
ĿǰֻÓÐÒÔÏÂÉù¿¨Äܱ»Ä£¿é»¯µÄÉùÒôÇý¶¯³ÌÐòʶ±ð:
Sound Blaster 1.0
Sound Blaster 2.0
Sound Blaster Pro
Sound Blaster 16
Sound Blaster 16 PnP
Sound Blaster AWE32/AWE64 (In SB-16 mode only)
6.4.2 Éù¿¨ÅäÖù¤¾ß
ÔÚRed Hat Linux 5.1ÖÐÊÇsndconfig, Ò»¸ö¿ÉÒÔÕýÈ·ÅäÖÃÄ£¿é»¯µÄÉùÒô Çý¶¯³ÌÐò
µÄÈ«ÆÁÄ»¹¤¾ß.
¹ØÓÚsndconfigÄúÓ¦¸ÃÁ˽â:
¼´²å¼´Óà -- sndconfig ÄܲâÊÔ³ö¼´²å¼´ÓÃµÄ Éù¿¨, ÈçSound Blaster 16
PnP. µ«ÊÇÇë×¢Òâ, µ±Ç°°æ±¾µÄ sndconfig´´½¨ µÄа汾µÄÎÄ
¼þ
/etc/isapnp.conf Ö»ÓÐÉù¿¨µÄÉèÖÃ. ËùÓÐ, Èç¹ûÄúµÄϵͳÓÐÆäËû¼´²å¼´ÓõÄ
É豸, Äú±ØÐë×öÁ½¼þÊÂÖ®Ò»:
Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏÖÓеÄ/etc/isapnp.confÊÖ¹¤Ôö¼Ó¼´²å¼´ÓõÄÉù¿¨, È»ºóÓÃ-
-noprobeÑ¡ÏîÔËÐÐsndconfig.
Äú¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐsndconfig¶ø²»ÓÃ--noprobeÑ¡Ïî, ÔÚsndconfig ´´½¨µÄ
/etc/isapnp.confÎļþÖÐÅäÖÃÄúµÄÆäËû¼´²å¼´ÓÃÉ豸.
²»¹ÜÄÄÖÖÇé¿ö, sndconfig½«ÔÀ´µÄ/etc/isapnp.confÎļþ´æÔÚ
/etc/isapnp.conf.bak.
ÐÞ¸Ä/etc/conf.modules -- sndconfigÐÞ¸ÄÄ£¿é ÅäÖÃÎļþ
/etc/conf.modulesÒÔÔö¼ÓÄúµÄÉù¿¨ËùÐèÒªµÄÄ£¿éÑ¡Ïî. ×¢Òâsndconfig ½«
ÔÀ´µÄ/etc/conf.modulesÎļþ´æÔÚ
/etc/conf.modules.bak.
ÒªÅäÖÃÄúµÄÉù¿¨ÔËÐÐ/usr/sbin/sndconfig. ×¢ÒâΪÁËÔËÐÐsndconfig Äú±ØÐëÊÇ
root. ÔÚ³õʼÆÁĻ֮ºó, ½«ÒªÇóÄúÑ¡ÔñÉù¿¨µÄÀàÐÍ(¼ûͼ 49).
ͼ 49: Ñ¡ÔñÉù¿¨Àà
ÐÍ
Ñ¡ÔñÍêÉù¿¨Ö®ºó, Äú½«¿´µ½ÀàËÆÍ¼50µÄÆÁÄ». Õâʱ Äú¿ÉÒÔΪÉù¿¨×öijЩÉèÖÃ. ÓÃ[Tab]
¼üÑ¡ÔñÒ»¸öÓò. È»ºóÓùâ±ê¼üÉèÖõÄÖµ, Íê³Éºó, Ñ¡
ÔñOk, ²¢°´[Space].
ͼ 50: ÅäÖÃÉù¿¨
Õâ¸öÆÁÄ»ºó, Äú¿ÉÄÜ¿´µ½Ò»¸ö¶Ô»°¿ò˵/etc/conf.modulesÒѾ´æÔÚ. Ñ¡Ôñ Ok²¢°´
[Space]¼ÌÐø.
×îºó, sndconfig½«ÊÔͼ²¥·ÅÒ»¶ÎÉùÒôÑù±¾, ¼ì²éÉùÒôÅäÖÃÊÇ·ñÕýÈ·.Èç¹û ÄúÄÜÌýµ½Éù
ÒôÑù±¾(±ðÍüÁË´ò¿ªÀ®°È), Äú³É¹¦ÁË!
6.5 Êó±êÅäÖÃ
ΪÁËÅäÖÃÄúµÄÊó±ê(»òÕßÔÚ°²×°Ö®ºóÖØÐÂÅäÖÃÄúµÄÊó±ê)ÊäÈëÃüÁî
/usr/sbin/mouseconfig. ¹ö¶¯Çåµ¥ÒÔÑ¡ÔñÄúµÄÊó±êÀàÐÍ. Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÈκÎÊó±ê½Ó
ÔÚPS/2ÀàÐ͵Ķ˿Ú, Äú Ó¦¸ÃÑ¡ÔñPS/2×÷ΪÄúµÄÊó±êÀàÐÍ. Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÒ»¸öÊó±ê½ÓÔÚATI
ÏÔʾ¿¨µÄÊó±ê¶Ë¿Ú, ÄúÓ¦¸ÃÑ¡ÔñATI Bus Mouse. Èç¹ûÄú
ÓÐÒ»¸öÁ½¼üÊó±ê¶øÏëÄ£ÄâÈý¼üÊó±ê, ÓÃ[Tab] ½«¹â±êÒÆµ½Emulate 3 ButtonsÑ¡Ôñ¿ò
²¢ÓÃ[Spacebar]À´Ñ¡Ôñ.
6.6 World Wide Web
World Wide WebÊÇÈç½ñÒòÌØÍøÉÏ×îÈȵķ½Ãæ. Red Hat LinuxÈÃÄúÒÔÁ½ÖÖ·½Ê½²ÎÓë --
×÷Ϊwebä¯ÀÀÆ÷, ºÍ×÷Ϊweb·þÎñÆ÷. ÈÃÎÒÃÇÁ½Õß¶¼¿´Ò»
ÏÂ.
6.6.1 World Wide Webä¯ÀÀÆ÷
LinuxÉÏÓÐÐí¶àä¯ÀÀÆ÷, °üÀ¨Ãâ·ÑµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷Èçarena, lynx, and grail. ×îÁ÷ÐеÄ
ÉÌÒµä¯ÀÀÆ÷À´×ÔNetscape Communications Corporation.
²¢ÇÒÏÖÔÚËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚ Red Hat Linux 5.1ÏÂ! Èç¹ûÄúÑ¡ÔñµÄnetscape-
communicator»òÕß netscape-navigator°ü, Äú¾Í¿ÉÒÔ×¼±¸³åÀËÁË.
Enjoy!
6.6.2 World Wide Web·þÎñÆ÷
Èç¹ûÄú°²×°ÁËApache web·þÎñÆ÷(À´×Ôapache°ü), ÄÇôÄúµÄWeb·þÎñÒѾÔËÐÐ! Ö»
Òª½«ÄúµÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷Ö¸Ïò
http://localhost.
ÏÔʾµÄĬÈÏÒ³ÊÇ/home/httpd/html/index.html. Äú¿ÉÒÔ±à¼Õâ¸öÎļþ³ÉΪÄúÏëÒª
µÄ(»òÕ߸ɴ໻µôËü). ËùÓеÄCGI³ÌÐò, ͼ±ê, ºÍhtml Îļþ¶¼
·ÅÔÚ/home/httpd, µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÓÃapacheÅäÖÃÎļþÐÞ¸ÄËü, ËüÃÇ·ÅÔÚ
/etc/httpd/conf/. ËùÓеÄhttpdÐÐΪµÄÈÕÖ¾±£´æÔÚ/var/log/httpd/. ÉèÖÃÄú
µÄ
ÍøÕ¾ÈÝÒ׵þÍÏëÔö¼ÓÄúµÄHTMLÎļþ²¢Á¬½Óµ½/home/httpd/html/Ŀ¼. ÏëÒª¸ü¶àÁ˽â
ÈçºÎÅäÖÃÄúµÄ·þÎñÆ÷, ÎÒÃÇÍÆ¼öChuck Musciano & Bill
KennedyËùÖø O'Reilly & Associates³ö°æµÄHTML: The Definitive Guide.
7 ѰÕÒÎĵµ
Red Hat Linux°üº¬Óм¸Ç§Ò³µÄÔÚÏßÎĵµÀ´°ïÖúÄúѧϰÈç¹ûʹÓÃϵͳ. ÔÚÏß°ïÖú, ÐÅÏ¢
Îĵµ, ºÍÎı¾ÎļþÌṩÁ˼¸ºõLinuxÿ¸ö·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢.
Èç¹ûÄú°²×°Á˵ϰ, Red Hat Linux»¹°üÀ¨Linux Documentation ProjectÌṩ
µÄÎĵµ.
7.1 ÔÚÏß°ïÖú
7.2 ´ÓInternetµÃµ½°ïÖú
7.1 ÔÚÏß°ïÖú
Èç¹ûÄúÕýÔÚѰÕÒ¹ØÓÚÃüÁîºÍ³ö´íÐÅÏ¢, ×îºÃµÄµØ·½¾ÍÔÚÄúµÄϵͳÖÐ. ÔÚÄúµÄÖ¸¼â Óм¸ÖÖ
²»Í¬µÄ×ÊÔ´:
Man Pages -- ÃüÁî, Îļþ¸ñʽ, ºÍϵͳµ÷ÓõIJο¼×ÊÁÏ.
°üÎĵµ -- Ðí¶à°ü¶¼Óи½¼ÓµÄÎĵµ; RPMÄܰïÖúÄúÕÒµ½Ëü.
HOWTOºÍFAQ -- ´ÓLinuxÎĵµ¼Æ»®Öеõ½µÄ°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢.
locateÃüÁî -- Ò»¸öÓÃÀ´ÁªÏµÃüÁîºÍËüµÄÎĵµµÄÃüÁî.
infoÒ³ -- ³¬Îı¾Îļþ(²»ÊÇHTMLÎļþ).
ÈÃÎÒÃÇÒÀ´Î¿´Ò»ÏÂÿÖÖ×ÊÔ´.
7.1.1 Man Pages
ÄúµÄϵͳÉϼ¸ºõÿÌõÃüÁî¶¼ÓÐÏà¹ØµÄ'man page'. ÔÚÄúÓÐÎÊÌâ»òÀ§ÄÑʱ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÁ¢ ¿Ì
µÃµ½Õâ¸öÎĵµ. ÀýÈç, Èç¹ûÄúʹÓÃlsÃüÁîʱÓöµ½À§ÄÑ,
Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëman lsµÃµ½°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢. Õâ»áÏÔʾ³ölsµÄman page.
ÓÉÓÚman pageÊÇÓÃless³ÌÐòÀ´¿´µÄ(¿ÉÒÔ·½±ãµØÊ¹ÆÁÄ»ÉÏ·ºÍÏ·), ËùÒÔ ÔÚman
pageÀï¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃlessµÄËùÓÐÑ¡Ïî. ÔÚlessÖбȽÏÖØÒªµÄ¼ü
ÓÐ:
[q]Í˳ö
[Enter]Ò»ÐÐÐеØÏ·
[Space]Ò»Ò³Ò³µØÏ·
[b]ÉÏ·Ò»Ò³
[/]ºó¸úÒ»¸ö×Ö·û´®ºÍ[Enter]À´²éÕÒ×Ö·û´®
[n]·¢ÏÖÉÏÒ»´Î²éÕÒµÄÏÂÒ»¸öÆ¥Åä
ÓÐʱ´ÓÖ½ÕÅÔĶÁ¸ü·½±ã. ¼Ù¶¨ÄúÓÐÒ»¸ö´òÓ¡»ú, ÄúÒ²¿ÉÒÔ°Ñman page´òÓ¡³öÀ´.Èç¹û Äú
ûÓдòÓ¡PostscriptµÄÄÜÁ¦, Ö»Ïë´òÓ¡ASCIIÂë, Äú¿É
ÒÔÓÃ:
man COMMAND | lpr
Èç¹ûÄúÓÐpostscript´òÓ¡»ú, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃ:
man -t COMMAND | lpr
Çë°ÑÉÏÃæµÄ'COMMAND'¸ÄΪÄúÏëÒªµÃµ½°ïÖúµÄÃüÁî.
ÓÐʱÄú½«·¢ÏÖijЩϵͳ²¿¼þÓв»Ö¹Ò»¸öman page. ϱíÏÔʾÁËman page·Ö³ÉµÄ½Ú:
Section
Contents
1
user
commands
8
system
commands
2
system
calls
3
library
calls
4
devices
5
file
formats
6
games
7
miscellane
ous
9
kernel
internals
n
Tcl/Tk
commands
ÕâÒ²Êǽڱ»²éÕÒµÄ˳Ðò. Õâ¸ö˳ÐòÓÐʱºÜÖØÒª, ÀýÈç:
¼Ù¶¨ÎÒÃÇÒª¿´ÏµÍ³µ÷ÓÃswaponµÄman page. Òò´Ë, ÄúÊäÈëman swapon. ʵ¼ÊÉÏÄú
»á¿´µ½swapon(8)µÄman page, ÄÇÊÇÓÃÀ´¿ØÖƽ»»»µÄÃüÁî. ´ÓÉÏ
±íÄú ¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öÄúÒªµÄ'ϵͳµ÷ÓÃ'ÔÚµÚ2½Ú. Äã¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëman 2 swapon. Õâ¶¼ÊÇÒòΪ
manÊÇÒÔÉÏÊöµÄ˳ÐòÀ´²éÕÒµÄ, Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵swapon(8)ÔÚ
swapon(2) ֮ǰ.
Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔÔÚman pageÖвéÕÒ×Ö·û´®, ʹÓÃman -k string_to_search_for. µ«ÊÇ
Ö»Óд´½¨ÁËmakewhatisÊý¾Ý¿â, ²ÅÄÜʹÓÃÉÏÊöÃüÁî. ÔÚRed Hat
Linux, ÕâÊÇÓÉÍí ÉϵÄcron job×öµÄ. Èç¹ûÄúµÄϵͳÍíÉϲ»ÔËÐÐ, Õâ¸öÊý¾Ý¿â¾Í²»»á
´´½¨. ÕâʱÄú¿ÉÒÔ ×÷ΪrootÓû§Ö´ÐÐÒÔÏÂÃüÁî:
/etc/cron.weekly/makewhatis.cron
Ò»µ©ÄúÍê³ÉÁË(×¢ÒâÄÇ¿ÉÄÜÒª»¨Ò»Ð©Ê±¼ä), Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëman -k swapon. ÕâÌõÃüÁÊä
³ö:
# man -k swapon
swapon, swapoff (2) - start/stop swapping to file/device
swapon, swapoff (8) - enable/disable devices and files for \
paging and swapping
Äú¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÔÚµÚ2ºÍµÚ8½ÚÖж¼ÓйØÓÚswapon(ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÖл¹ÓÐswapoff)µÄman
page.
7.1.1.1 ÈçºÎÔĶÁMan Page
Man pageÔÚºÜÉٵĿռäÀïÌṩÁ˺ܶàµÄÐÅÏ¢. Òò´Ë, Ëü¿ÉÄܽÏÄÑÔĶÁ. ÕâÀï¸ÅÊöÁË ´ó
¶àÊýman pageÖж¼ÓеIJ¿·Ö:
Name -- ³ÌÐòÃû. Èç¹ûһЩ³ÌÐòÃÜÇÐÏà¹ØµÄ»°, ¿ÉÄÜ·ÅÔÚÒ»Æð.
Synopsis -- ÃüÁîµÄ¸ñʽ, ÏÔʾËùÓеÄÑ¡ÏîºÍ²ÎÊý.
Description -- ³ÌÐò¹¦ÄܵÄÃèÊö.
Options -- ËùÓÐÑ¡ÏîµÄÇåµ¥ºÍËûÃǵÄÃèÊö.
See Also -- Èç¹ûÓеϰ, ÁгöºÍÕâ¸ö³ÌÐòÏà¹ØµÄÆäËû³ÌÐò.
Files -- Èç¹ûÓеϰ, ÁгöÕâ¸ö³ÌÐòʹÓûòÐ޸ĵÄÎļþ.
History -- Èç¹ûÓеϰ, ÁгöÕâ¸ö³ÌÐò¿ª·¢µÄÖØÒªÀï³Ì±®.
Authors -- дÕâ¸ö³ÌÐòµÄÈË.
Èç¹ûÄúÊÇLinuxÐÂÊÖ, ²»Òª°Ñman pageµ±³É½Ì³Ì; ËüÖ»ÊǼòÃ÷µÄ²Î¿¼×ÊÁÏ. ÊÔͼÓÃ
man pageÀ´Ñ§Ï°Linux¾ÍºÃÏóÊÔͼÓÃ×ÖµäÀ´Ñ§Ï°Ó¢Óï. Èç¹û
Äú¿ªÊ¼Ñ§Ï°Linux, »¹ÓÐÐí¶à ÐÅÏ¢À´Ô´; ÈÃÎÒÃǼÌÐøÑ°ÕÒÎĵµ...
ÓÃmore »òÕß less(»òÕßä¯ÀÀÆ÷)À´ÔĶÁ.
7.1.4 'locate'ÃüÁî
Èç¹ûÄú²»ÖªµÀÒ»¸öÃüÁîºÍÎļþµÄÈ«Ãû, µ«ÏëÕÒµ½Ëü, Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃlocateÃüÁî À´ÕÒµ½Ëü.
locateʹÓÃÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âÀ´·¢ÏÖÄúϵͳµÄËùÓÐÎļþ. ͨ³£
Õâ¸öÊý¾Ý ¿âÊÇÔÚÍíÉÏÓÉÒ»¸öcron job´´½¨µÄ. µ«Èç¹ûÄúµÄ¼ÆËã»ú²»ÊÇÒ»Ö±ÔËÐÐLinux,
Äú¿ÉÒÔÓà ÒÔÏÂÃüÁî:
/etc/cron.daily/updatedb.cron
Ö´ÐÐÍêÕâ¸öÃüÁîºó±ØÐëÖØÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³, ²ÅÄÜʹlocateÕý³£¹¤×÷.
Èç¹ûÄúÏë²éÕÒËùÓеÄ'finger'Îļþ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐ:
locate finger
ËüµÄÊä³ö¿ÉÄÜÊÇ:
/usr/bin/finger
/usr/lib/irc/script/finger
/usr/man/man1/finger.1
/usr/man/man8/in.fingerd.8
/usr/sbin/in.fingerd
×¢Òâlocate²»½ö·µ»ØÎļþÃû, ¶øÇÒ·µ»ØÄ¿Â¼Ãû. ËùÒÔ, Èç¹ûÄúÓÐÒ»¸ö
/home/djb/finger/ Ŀ¼, Ëü½«·µ»ØÕâ¸öĿ¼µÄËùÓÐÎļþ.
7.1.5 'info'Ò³
manÊÇ×îÆÕ±éµÄÎĵµ¸ñʽ, ¶øinfoÔò¸üÓÐÁ¦. ËüÌṩÁ˳¬Îı¾ Á¬½Óʹ´óµÄÎĵµ¸üÒ×ÓÚ
ÔĶÁ, ͬʱΪÎĵµµÄ×÷ÕßÌṩÁËÐí¶àÌØÐÔ. ÔÚRed HatµÄ
²»Í¬·½ Ãæ(ÌØ±ðÊÇGNU²¿·Ö), ÓÐһЩ·Ç³£Íê³ÉµÄinfoÎĵµ.
ÔĶÁinfoÎĵµ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà info ³ÌÐò(²»ÒªÀ´²ÎÊý). Ëü½«ÁгöÒ» ¸öÎĵµµÄÇåµ¥. Èç¹ûÄú
ûÓз¢ÏÖÄúËùÐèÒªµÄ, ÄÇÊÇÒòΪÄúûÓа²×°°üº¬ÄǸöÎÄ
µµµÄÈí ¼þ°ü. ÓÃRPM°²×°ºóÔÙÊÔ.
Èç¹ûÄúϲ»¶Ê¹ÓÃemacs, ËüÓÐÒ»¸öÄÚÖõÄinfoÎĵµä¯ÀÀÆ÷. ʹÓÃ[Ctrl-h] [i] ¼ü¾Í
¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Ëü.
infoϵͳÊÇÒ»¸ö³¬Îı¾ÏµÍ³. ÈκθßÁÁ¶ÈÏÔʾµÄÎÄ×Ö¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öÁ¬½Óµ¼Ïò ¸ü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢. ʹ
ÓÃ[Tab]½«¹â±êÒÆµ½Á¬½Ó, ²¢°´[Enter]½øÈëÁ¬½Ó.
°´[p]·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³, [n] ·µ½ÏÂÒ»Ò³, ¶ø [u] »Øµ½Îĵµ µÄÉÏÒ»²ã. Í˳öinfo, °´
[Ctrl-x] [Ctrl-c] (control-x È»ºócontrol-c).
ѧϰÈçºÎʹÓà info µÄ×î¼Ñ·½·¨ÊÇÓÃËüÔĶÁinfoÎĵµ. Èç¹ûÄúÔĶÁÁË infoÏÔʾµÄµÚ
Ò»Ò³, Äú½«ÓÐÄÜÁ¦¼ÌÐø.
7.2 ´ÓÒòÌØÍø»ñµÃ°ïÖú
7.2.1 Red Hat ÓʼþÇåµ¥
Èç¹ûÄúÎÞ·¨´ÓÔÚÏß°ïÖúµÃµ½ÓйØÐÅÏ¢, ͬʱÄú¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊWWW, Äú¿ÉÒÔ¿´¿´
http://www.redhat.com/support/mailing-lists/. ÔÚÕâÀïÄú¿ÉÒÔ²éÕÒÓÐ
¹ØµÄÎÄÕÂ, Ðí¶àÎÊÌâÒѾ»Ø´ðÁË.
¶©ÔÄÎÒÃǵÄÓʼþµÄ¸ñʽÊÇ:
<list-name>-request@redhat.com
½«<list-name> ¸ÄΪÒÔÏÂÖ®Ò»:
applixware-list
axp-list
blinux-list
cde-list
gnome-announce
gtk-list
hurricane-list
linux-alert
linux-security
m68k-list
pam-list
redhat-announce-list
redhat-devel-list
redhat-install-list
redhat-list
redhat-ppp-list
rpm-list
sound-list
sparc-list
¸øÉÏÊöµØÖ··¢ÐŲ¢ÔÚSubject:ÖÐдsubscribe¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¶©ÔÄ.
¸øÉÏÊöµØÖ··¢ÐŲ¢ÔÚSubject:ÖÐдunsubscribe¾Í¿ÉÒÔÈ¡Ïû¶©ÔÄ.
Òª¸øÇåµ¥·¢ÐÅ, Ö»Ð轫µØÖ·Ãû³ÆÖеÄ-requestÈ¥µô.
7.2.2 USENETÐÂÎÅ×é
ÁíÒ»¸öºÃµÄÐÅÏ¢Ô´ÊÇUSENETÖеÄcomp.os.linux. Èç¹ûÄúÊìϤÐÂÎÅ×é, ¿É ÒÔÓÃËü.
7.2.2.1 ¹ØÓÚRed HatµÄÐÂÎÅ×é
Red Hat SoftwareΪÎÒÃÇÈí¼þµÄÓû§ÌṩÁËרÃŵÄÐÂÎÅ×é. Äú¿ÉÒÔÖ±½Ó´Ó
news.redhat.comÔĶÁ, Ò²¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄúµÄÐÂÎÅ×é¹ÜÀíÔ±½«redhat.* ¼Óµ½
ËüÃǵÄÐÂÎÅ·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏ.
8 ʹÓÃRPM½øÐÐÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀí
The Red Hat Package Manager (RPM),ÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ª·ÅµÄÈí¼þ°ü¹ÜÀíϵͳ¡£Ëü¹¤×÷ÓÚ
Red Hat Linux ÒÔ¼°ÆäËüLinux ºÍUNIX ϵͳ£¬¿É±»ÈκÎÈË
ʹÓá£. ºìñ×ÓÈí¼þ¹«Ë¾¹ÄÀøÆäËü³§ÉÌÀ´Á˽âRPM ²¢ÔÚ×Ô¼ºµÄ²úÆ·ÖÐʹÓÃËü¡£RPM µÄ·¢
²¼»ùÓÚGPL ÐÒé¡£
¶ÔÓÚ×îÖÕÓû§À´Ëµ,RPMËùÌṩµÄÖڶ๦ÄÜʹά»¤ÏµÍ³Òª±ÈÒÔÍùÈÝÒ׵Ķࡣ°²×°£¬Ð¶ÔغÍÉý
¼¶RPMÈí¼þ°ü¾ùÊÇÖ»ÐèÒ»ÌõÃüÁî¼´¿ÉÍê³É,ËùÓз³Ëö
µÄϸ½ÚÎÊÌâÎÞÐëÄú·ÑÐÄ¡£RPMά»¤Ò»¸öËùÓÐÒѰ²×°µÄÈí¼þ°üºÍÎļþµÄÊý¾Ý¿â£¬¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄú½ø
Ðй¦ÄÜ Ç¿´óµÄÈí¼þ°ü²éѯºÍÑéÖ¤¹¤×÷¡£ÔÚÈí¼þ°üÉý
¼¶¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ RPM »á¶ÔÅäÖÃÎļþ½øÐÐÌØ±ð´¦Àí, Òò´ËÄú¾ø¶Ô²»»á¶ªÊ§ÒÔÍùµÄ¶¨ÖÆÐÅÏ¢ --
Õâ¶ÔÓÚÖ±½ÓʹÓÃ.tar.gz ÎļþÊDz»¿ÉÄܵġ£
¶ÔÓÚ³ÌÐòÔ±, RPM ¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄúÁ¬Í¬Èí¼þµÄÔ´´úÂë´ò°ü³ÉÔ´´úÂëºÍ¶þ½øÖÆÈí¼þ°ü¹©×îÖÕÓû§Ê¹
ÓÃ.Õâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÊ®·Ö¼òµ¥£¬Õû¸ö¹ý³ÌÓÉÒ»¸öÖ÷ÎļþºÍ¿É
ÄܵIJ¹¶¡³ÌÐò×é³É¡£RPMÔÚÈí¼þµÄа汾·¢²¼Ê±£¬ÕâÖÖ"Ôʼ"Ô´´úÂ룬²¹¶¡³ÌÐòºÍÈí¼þÉú
³ÉÖ¸ÁîµÄÇåÎúÃèÊö¼ò»¯ÁËÈí¼þ°üµÄά»¤¹¤×÷¡£
8.1 RPM Éè¼ÆÄ¿±ê
8.2 ʹÓÃRPM
8.3 ÁîÈ˾ªÒìµÄRPM
8.4 ÆäËüµÄRPM ×ÊÔ´
8.1 RPM Éè¼ÆÄ¿±ê
ÔÚ×¼±¸Á˽âÈçºÎʹÓÃRPM֮ǰ£¬Àí½âRPMµÄÉè¼ÆÄ¿±êÊÇÓÐËùñÔÒæµÄ¡£
Èí¼þ°üµÄ¿ÉÉý¼¶ÐÔ
ʹÓÃRPMÄú¿ÉÒÔµ¥¶ÀÉý¼¶ÏµÍ³ÖеÄijЩ²¿¼þ¶øÎÞÐëÕû¸öÖØÐ°²×°¡£µ±Äú»ñµÃÁË Ò»
Ì×»ùÓÚRPM аæ²Ù×÷ϵͳʱ(Èçºìñ×Ó Linux), ÄúÎÞÐë
ÖØÐ°²×°»úÆ÷(¶ø»ùÓÚ ÆäËüÈí¼þ´ò°ü»úÖÆµÄ³£³£ÐèÒªÕâô×ö). RPM ÔÊÐíÖÇÄܵģ¬
È«×Ô¶¯µÄ¾ÍµØÉý¼¶ ϵͳ¡£°üÖеÄÅäÖÃÎļþÔÚÉý¼¶¹ý³Ì
ÖлáÓèÒÔ±£Áô, Òò´ËÄú²»»á¶ªÊ§¶¨ÖÆÐÅÏ¢¡£
¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´óµÄÈí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢²éѯ
RPM ÓµÓй¦ÄÜÇ¿´óµÄ²éѯѡÏî. Äú¿ÉÒÔËÑË÷Êý¾Ý¿âÀ´²éѯÈí¼þ°ü»òÎļþ¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼ò
±ãµÄ²é³öij¸öÎļþÊôÓÚÄĸöÈí¼þ°ü»ò³ö×ÔÄĶù¡£RPM
Èí¼þ°üÖеÄÎļþÒÔѹËõ¸ñʽ´æ·Å,ÓµÓÐÒ»¸ö¶¨ÖƵĶþ½üÖÆÍ·Îļþ£¬ÆäÖаüº¬ÓйذüºÍ
ÄÚÈݵÄÓÐÓÃÐÅÏ¢£¬¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄú¶Ôµ¥¸öÈí¼þ°üµÄ²éѯ ¼ò
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.ÁíÒ»ÏîÇ¿´óµÄ¹¦ÄÜÊǽøÐÐÈí¼þ°üµÄÑéÖ¤¡£Èç¹ûÄúµ£ÐÄÎóɾÁËij¸öÈí¼þ°üÖеÄij¸öÎÄ
¼þ£¬Äú¾Í¿ÉÒÔ¶ÔËü½øÐÐÑéÖ¤¡£ÈκηÇÕý³£ÏÖÏ󽫻á
±»Í¨Öª. ´Ëʱ£¬Èç¹ûÐèÒªµÄ»°£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÖØÐ°²×°¸ÃÈí¼þ°ü¡£ÔÚÖØÐ°²×°¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ëù
Óб»Ð޸ĹýµÄÅäÖÃÎļþ½«±»±£Áô¡£
±£³ÖÈí¼þ°üµÄÔÊ¼ÌØÕ÷
Ò»ÏîÑϸñµÄÉè¼ÆÄ¿±êÊÇÒª±£³ÖÈí¼þ°üµÄÔÊ¼ÌØÕ÷, ¾ÍÏó¸ÃÈí¼þµÄÔʼ·¢²¼Õß ·¢²¼
Èí¼þʱÄÇÑù¡£Í¨¹ýʹÓÃRPM,Äú¿ÉÒÔÓµÓÐ×î³õµÄÈí¼þºÍ
ҪʹÓõÄÈκβ¹¶¡³ÌÐò »¹ÓÐÏêϸµÄÈí¼þ¹¹½¨ÐÅÏ¢¡£´Ó¼¸·½ÃæÀ´ËµÕâÊǷdz£Ö®´óµÄÓÅ
µã¡£.ÀýÈ磬µ± ij¸öÈí¼þµÄа汾·¢ÐÐʱ,ÄúÎÞÐë´Ó
Í·±àÒëËùÓÐÎļþ¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔ¿´Ò»¿´²¹¶¡³ÌÐò ¶¼ÐèÒª×öЩʲô¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖ·½Ê½Ï£¬ËùÓбà
ÒëÌõ¼þÒÔ¼°ÎªÉú³ÉÈí¼þËù×öµÄÐÞ¸Ä
¶¼½«Êǿɼû
µÄ¡£
¸ÃÄ¿±ê¶ÔÈí¼þ¿ª·¢ÈËÔ±À´Ëµ¸üÎªÖØÒª, µ«Ò²»áΪ×îÖÕÓû§Ìṩ¸ü¸ßÖÊÁ¿µÄÈí¼þ¡£ÎÒ
ÃÇÒª¸Ðл BOGUS distribution µÄÈí¼þÈËÔ±Ìá³öµÄÕâ
¸ö¸ÅÄî¡£
8.2 ʹÓÃRPM
RPM ÓÐÎåÖÖ»ù±¾µÄ²Ù×÷·½Ê½(²»°üÀ¨´´½¨Èí¼þ°ü): °²×°, Ð¶ÔØ, Éý¼¶, ²éѯ,ºÍÑéÖ¤¡£
±¾½Ú¼òÒªµÄÃèÊöÁËÕâÎåÖÖ²Ù×÷¡£Ê¹ÓÃÃüÁî rpm --help,
»ò²éÔĵÚ8.4 ½ÚÒÔ»ñµÃ¸üÎªÈ«ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
8.2.1 °²×°
RPM Èí¼þ°üͨ³£¾ßÓÐÀàËÆfoo-1.0-1.i386.rpm µÄÎļþÃû¡£ÆäÖаüÀ¨ Èí¼þ°üµÄÃû³Æ
(foo), °æ±¾ºÅ(1.0), ·¢ÐкÅ(1), ºÍ Ó²¼þƽ̨(i386). °²×°
Ò»¸öÈí¼þ°üÖ»Ðè¼òµ¥µÄ¼üÈëÒÔÏÂÃüÁ
$ rpm -ivh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm
foo ####################################
ÕýÈçÄúËù¿´µ½µÄ, RPM ½«»á´òÓ¡³öÈí¼þ°üµÄÃû×Ö(²¢²»Ò»¶¨ÓëÎļþÃûÏàͬ), ¶øºó ´òÓ¡Ò»
Á¬´®µÄ#ºÅÒÔ±íʾ°²×°½ø¶È¡£
Èí¼þ°üµÄ°²×°±»Éè¼ÆµÄ¾¡Á¿¼òµ¥Ò×ÐÐ, µ«ÊÇ¿ÉÄܻᷢÉú¼¸¸ö´íÎó£º:
8.2.1.1 Èí¼þ°üÒѱ»°²×°
Èç¹ûÄúµÄÈí¼þ°üÒѱ»°²×°, ½«»á³öÏÖÒÔÏÂÐÅÏ¢:
$ rpm -ivh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm
foo package foo-1.0-1 is already installed
error: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm cannot be installed
Èç¹ûÄúÈÔ¾ÉÒª°²×°¸ÃÈí¼þ°ü, Äú¿ÉÒÔÔÚÃüÁîÐÐÉÏʹÓÃ--replacepkgs Ñ¡ÏÕ⽫ºöÂÔ
¸Ã´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£
8.2.1.2 Îļþ³åÍ»
Èç¹ûÄúÒª°²×°µÄÈí¼þ°üÖÐÓÐÒ»¸öÎļþÒÑÔÚ°²×°ÆäËüÈí¼þ°üʱ°²×°£¬»á³öÏÖÒÔÏ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢£º
# rpm -ivh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm
foo /usr/bin/foo conflicts with file from bar-1.0-1
error: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm cannot be installed
ÒªÏëÈÃRPM ºöÂԸôíÎóÐÅÏ¢, ÇëʹÓÃ--replacefiles ÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî¡£.
8.2.1.3 δ½â¾öÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ
RPMÈí¼þ°ü¿ÉÄÜÒÀÀµÓÚÆäËüÈí¼þ°ü,Ò²¾ÍÊÇ˵ҪÇóÔÚ°²×°ÁËÌØ¶¨µÄÈí¼þ°üÖ®ºó²ÅÄܰ²×° ¸Ã
Èí¼þ°ü¡£Èç¹ûÔÚÄú°²×°Ä³¸öÈí¼þ°üʱ´æÔÚÕâÖÖδ½â¾ö
µÄÒÀÀµ¹ØÏµ¡£»á²úÉúÒÔÏÂÐÅÏ¢£º
$ rpm -ivh bar-1.0-1.i386.rpm
failed dependencies:
foo is needed by bar-1.0-1
Äú±ØÐë°²×°ÍêËùÒÀÀµµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬²ÅÄܽâ¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ¡£Èç¹ûÄúÏëÇ¿ÖÆ°²×°(ÕâÊǸö»µÖ÷Ò⣬ Òò
Ϊ°²×°ºóµÄÈí¼þ°üδ±ØÄÜÕý³£ÔËÐÐ), ÇëʹÓÃ
--nodeps ÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî¡£
8.2.2 Ð¶ÔØ
Ð¶ÔØÈí¼þ°ü¾ÍÏó°²×°Èí¼þ°üʱһÑù¼òµ¥:
$ rpm -e foo
×¢ÒâÕâÀïʹÓÃÈí¼þ°üµÄÃû×Öname ``foo'', ¶ø²»ÊÇÈí¼þ°üÎļþµÄÃû×Öfile ``foo-
1.0-1.i386.rpm''.
Èç¹ûÆäËüÈí¼þ°üÒÀÀµÓÚÄúÒªÐ¶ÔØµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬Ð¶ÔØÊ±Ôò»á²úÉú´íÎóÐÅÏ¢¡£È磺
$ rpm -e foo
removing these packages would break dependencies:
foo is needed by bar-1.0-1
ÒªÏëRPMºöÂԸôíÎóÐÅÏ¢¼ÌÐøÐ¶ÔØµÄ»°(Õâ¿É²»ÊÇÒ»¸öºÃÖ÷Òâ £¬ÒòΪÒÀÀµÓÚ¸ÃÈí¼þ°üµÄ³Ì
Ðò¿ÉÄÜÎÞ·¨ÔËÐÐ), ÇëʹÓÃ--nodeps ÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡Ïî.
8.2.3 Éý¼¶
Éý¼¶Èí¼þ°üºÍ°²×°Èí¼þ°üÊ®·ÖÀàËÆ£º.
$ rpm -Uvh foo-2.0-1.i386.rpm
foo ####################################
RPM½«×Ô¶¯Ð¶ÔØÒѰ²×°µÄÀϰ屾µÄfoo Èí¼þ°ü£¬Äú²»»á¿´µ½ÓйØÐÅÏ¢¡£ÊÂʵÉÏÄú¿ÉÄÜ ×Ü
ÊÇʹÓà -U À´°²×°Èí¼þ°ü, ÒòΪ¼´±ãÒÔÍùδ°²×°¹ý¸Ã
Èí¼þ°ü£¬Ò²ÄÜÕý³£ÔËÐС£
ÒòΪRPM Ö´ÐÐÖÇÄÜ»¯µÄÈí¼þ°üÉý¼¶£¬×Ô¶¯´¦ÀíÅäÖÃÎļþ£¬Äú½«»á¿´µ½ÈçÏÂÐÅÏ¢£º
saving /etc/foo.conf as /etc/foo.conf.rpmsave Õâ±íʾÄú¶ÔÅäÖÃÎÄ
¼þµÄÐ޸IJ»Ò»¶¨ÄÜÏòÉϼæÈÝÓÚ¸ÃÈí¼þ°üÖеÄÅäÖÃÎļþ¡£ Òò´Ë£¬RPM »á±¸·ÝÀÏ
Îļþ£¬°²×°ÐÂÎļþ¡£ÄúÓ¦µ±¾¡¿ì½â¾öÕâÁ½¸öÅäÖÃÎļþµÄ²»Í¬Ö®´¦£¬ÒÔʹ ϵͳÄܳÖÐø
Õý³£ÔËÐС£
ÒòΪÉý¼¶Æäʵ¾ÍÊÇÈí¼þ°üµÄÐ¶ÔØÓë°²×°µÄ×ÛºÏ,Äú¿ÉÄÜ»áÓö¼ûÄÇЩ²Ù×÷ÖÐËù¿ÉÄÜ·¢Éú µÄ´í
Îó¡£ÓÐÒ»´¦²»Í¬£¬ÄǾÍÊǵ±ÄúʹÓþɰ汾µÄÈí¼þ°ü
À´Éý¼¶Ð°汾µÄÈí¼þʱ£¬»á ²úÉúÒÔÏ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢£º
$ rpm -Uvh foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm
foo package foo-2.0-1 (which is newer) is already installed
error: foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm cannot be installed
ҪʹRPM ¼á³ÖÕâÑù¡°Éý¼¶¡±£¬¾ÍʹÓà --oldpackage ÃüÁîÐвÎÊý¡£
8.2.4 ²éѯ
ʹÓÃÃüÁîrpm -qÀ´²éѯÒѰ²×°Èí¼þ°üµÄÊý¾Ý¿â¡£¼òµ¥µÄʹÓÃÃüÁî rpm -q foo »á´òÓ¡
³öfooÈí¼þ°ü µÄ°üÃû £¬°æ±¾ºÅ£¬ºÍ·¢Ðкţº
$ rpm -q foo
foo-2.0-1
³ýÁËÖ¸¶¨Èí¼þ°üÃûÒÔÍ⣬Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔÁ¬Í¬-qʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÑ¡ÏîÀ´Ö¸Ã÷Òª²éѯÄÄЩÈí¼þ°üµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£
ÕâЩѡÏî±»³ÆÖ®Îª ¡°Èí¼þ°üÖ¸¶¨Ñ¡Ïî¡°£º
-a ²éѯËùÓÐÒѰ²×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü.
-f <file> ½«²éѯ°üº¬ÓÐÎļþ<file>. µÄÈí¼þ°ü
-p <packagefile> ²éѯÈí¼þ°üÎļþÃûΪ<packagefile>. µÄÈí¼þ°ü
Óм¸ÖÖ·½Ê½À´Ö¸¶¨²éѯÈí¼þ°üʱËùÏÔʾµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ÒÔÏÂÑ¡ÏîÓÃÓÚÑ¡ÔñÄú¸ÐÐËȤµÄÐÅÏ¢ ½øÐÐÏÔ
ʾ¡£ËüÃDZ»³Æ×÷ÐÅϢѡÔñÑ¡Ï
-i ÏÔʾÈí¼þ°üÐÅÏ¢£¬ÈçÃèÊö, ·¢ÐкÅ, ³ß´ç, ¹¹½¨ÈÕÆÚ, °²×°ÈÕÆÚ, ƽ̨, ÒÔ¼°
ÆäËüһЩ¸÷ÀàÐÅÏ¢¡£
-l ÏÔʾÈí¼þ°üÖеÄÎļþÁÐ±í¡£
-s ÏÔʾÈí¼þ°üÖÐËùÓÐÎļþµÄ״̬¡£.
-d ÏÔʾ±»±êעΪÎĵµµÄÎļþÁбí(man ÊÖ²á, info ÊÖ²á, README's, etc).
-c ÏÔʾ±»±êעΪÅäÖÃÎļþµÄÎļþÁÐ±í¡£ÕâЩÊÇÄúÒªÔÚ°²×°Íê±ÏÒÔºó¼ÓÒÔ ¶¨ÖƵÄÎÄ
¼þ(sendmail.cf, passwd, inittab, etc).
¶ÔÓÚÄÇЩҪÏÔʾÎļþÁбíµÄÎļþ, Äú¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó-v ÃüÁîÐÐÑ¡ÏîÒÔ»ñµÃÈçͬ ls -l ¸ñʽ µÄ
Êä³ö¡£.
8.2.5 ÑéÖ¤
ÑéÖ¤Èí¼þ°üÊÇͨ¹ý±È½Ïcompares´ÓÈí¼þ°üÖа²×°µÄÎļþºÍÈí¼þ°üÖеÄÔʼ ÎļþÐÅÏ¢À´
½øÐеġ£³ýÁËÆäËüһЩ¶«Î÷£¬ÑéÖ¤Ö÷ÒªÊDZȽÏÎļþµÄ³ß
´ç, MD5 УÑéÂë, ÎļþȨÏÞ, ÀàÐÍ, ÊôÖ÷ºÍÓû§×éµÈ¡£
rpm-VÃüÁîÓÃÀ´ÑéÖ¤Ò»¸öÈí¼þ°ü¡£Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈκΰüÑ¡ÔñÑ¡ÏîÀ´²éѯÄúÒªÑéÖ¤µÄÈí¼þ°ü Ãü
Áîrpm -V foo ½«ÓÃÀ´ÑéÖ¤fooÈí¼þ°ü¡£ÓÖÈ磺
ÑéÖ¤°üº¬Ìض¨ÎļþµÄÈí¼þ°ü:
rpm -Vf /bin/vi
ÑéÖ¤ËùÓÐÒѰ²×°µÄÈí¼þ°ü:
rpm -Va
¸ù¾ÝÒ»¸öRPMÀ´Ñé֤ij¸öÈí¼þ°ü:
rpm -Vp foo-1.0-1.i386.rpm
Èç¹ûÄúµ£ÐÄÄãµÄRPMÊý¾Ý¿âÒѱ»ÆÆ»µ£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâÖÖ·½Ê½¡£.
Èç¹ûÒ»ÇоùУÑéÕý³£½«²»»á²úÉúÈκÎÊä³ö¡£Èç¹ûÓв»Ò»Öµĵط½£¬¾Í»áÏÔʾ³öÀ´¡£ Êä³ö¸ñ
ʽÊÇ8볤×Ö·û´®, ``c'' ÓÃÒÔÖ¸ÅäÖÃÎļþ, ½Ó×Å
ÊÇÎļþÃû. 8λ×Ö·ûµÄÿһ¸ö ÓÃÒÔ±íʾÎļþÓëRPMÊý¾Ý¿âÖÐÒ»ÖÖÊôÐԵıȽϽá¹û ¡£``.''
(µã) ±íʾ²âÊÔͨ¹ý¡£.ÒÔÏÂ×Ö·û±íʾijÖÖ²âÊÔµÄʧ
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5
MD5 УÑéÂë
S
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L
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T
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D
É豸
U
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G
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M
ģʽe (°üÀ¨È¨ÏÞºÍÎļþÀàÐÍ)
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8.3 ÁîÈ˾ªÒìµÄRPM
RPMÊÇÒ»¸öÓÃÓÚϵͳά»¤ºÍÕï¶Ï£¬½â¾öÎÊÌâµÄÊ®·ÖÓÐÓõŤ¾ß¡£Á˽â¸÷ÖÖÑ¡ÏîÓ÷¨µÄ ×îºÃ
·½Ê½ÊÇͨ¹ýÀý×ÓÀ´Ñ§Ï°¡£
±ÈÈçÄúÎóɾÁËһЩÎļþ, µ«Äú²»Äܿ϶¨µ½µ×¶¼É¾³ýÄÇЩÎļþ¡£Èç¹ûÄúÏëÑé֤һϠÕû
¸öϵͳ¿´¿´¶¼¶ªÊ§ÁËÄÇЩÎļþµÄ»°£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼üÈ룺
rpm -Va
ÈôÊÇһЩÎļþ¶ªÊ§ÁË»òÒѱ»Ëð»µ, Äú¾Í¿ÉÒÔÖØÐ°²×°»òÏÈÐ¶ÔØÔÙ°²×°¸ÃÈí¼þ°ü¡£
Èç¹ûÄúÅöµ½ÁËÒ»¸ö×Ô¼º²»ÈÏʶµÄÎļþ£¬ÒªÏë²é´¦ËüÊôÓÚÄĸöÈí¼þ°ü£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÊäÈëÒÔ
ÏÂÃüÁî
rpm -qf /usr/X11R6/bin/xjewel
¶øÊä³öµÄ½á¹û»áÊÇ£º
xjewel-1.6-1
Èç¹û·¢Éú×ÛºÏÒÔÉÏÁ½¸öÀý×ÓµÄÇé¿ö£¬ÈçÎļþ/usr/bin/paste.³öÁËÎÊÌâ¡£ÄúÏëÑé
Ö¤ Ò»ÏÂÓµÓиÃÎļþµÄÈí¼þ°ü£¬¿ÉÓɲ»ÖªµÀÈí¼þ°üµÄÃû
×Ö£¬ÄúÕâʱ¿ÉÒÔ¼òµ¥µÄ¼üÈ룺
rpm -Vf /usr/bin/paste
ÕâÑùÏàÓ¦µÄÈí¼þ°ü¾Í»á±»ÑéÖ¤¡£.
Èç¹ûÄúÏëÁ˽âÒ»¸öÄúÕýÔÚʹÓõijÌÐòµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢, Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼üÈëÈçÏÂÃüÁîÀ´»ñµÃ Óµ
ÓиóÌÐòµÄÈí¼þ°üÖеÄÎĵµÐÅÏ¢£º
rpm -qdf /usr/bin/ispell
Êä³ö½á¹ûΪ:
/usr/man/man4/ispell.4
/usr/man/man4/english.4
/usr/man/man1/unsq.1
/usr/man/man1/tryaffix.1
/usr/man/man1/sq.1
/usr/man/man1/munchlist.1
/usr/man/man1/ispell.1
/usr/man/man1/findaffix.1
/usr/man/man1/buildhash.1
/usr/info/ispell.info.gz
/usr/doc/ispell-3.1.18-1/README
Äú·¢ÏÖÁËÒ»¸öеÄkoules RPM,µ«Äú²»ÖªµÀËüÊÇʲô¶«Î÷.£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼üÈëÈçÏÂÃüÁ
rpm -qip koules-1.2-2.i386.rpm
Êä³ö½á¹û´ó¸ÅΪ:
Name : koules Distribution: Red Hat Linux Colgate
Version : 1.2 Vendor: Red Hat Software
Release : 2 Build Date: Mon Sep 02 11:59:12 1996
Install date: (none) Build Host: porky.redhat.com
Group : Games Source RPM: koules-1.2-2.src.rpm
Size : 614939
Summary : SVGAlib action game; multiplayer, network
Description :
This arcade-style game is novel in conception and
excellent in execution. No shooting, no blood, no guts,
no gore. The play is simple, but you still must develop
skill to play. This version uses SVGAlib to run on a
graphics console.
ÏÖÔÚÄúÏëÁ˽âkoules RPM Ëù°²×°µÄÎļþ. Äú¿ÉÒÔ¼üÈ룺
rpm -qlp koules-1.2-2.i386.rpm
Êä³ö½á¹ûΪ:
/usr/man/man6/koules.6
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/start.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/end.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/destroy2.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/destroy1.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/creator2.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/creator1.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib/colize.raw
/usr/lib/games/kouleslib
/usr/games/koules
ÒÔÉÏÖ»ÊǼ¸¸öÀý×Ó. Ëæ×ÅÄú½øÒ»²½µÄʹÓÃϵͳ£¬Äú»á·¢ÏÖrpmµÄ¸ü¶àÓÃ;¡£.
8.4 ÆäËüһЩRPM ×ÊÔ´
ÒªÏëÁ˽âÓйØRPMµÄ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢£¬Çë²ÎÔÄrpmµÄman ÊÖ²á, rpmµÄÆÁÄ»°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢(rpm -
-help), ºÍÒÔÏÂÕ¾µãÉϵÄRPM Îĵµ×ÊÁÏ£º
http://www.rpm.org/
»¹ÓÐÒ»±¾ÃûΪMaximum RPM µÄ²Î¿¼Êé, Ëü¿ÉÒÔ´ÓRed Hat Software ºÍµ±µØÊéµê Âò
µ½¡£¸ÃÊé°üº¬ÁË×îÖÕÓû§ºÍÈí¼þ°ü±àÖÆÕßËùÐèµÄ·á¸»ÐÅ
Ï¢¡£¸ÃÊéµÄÁª»ú°æ±¾¿ÉÒÔÔÚÒÔÏÂÕ¾µãÕÒµ½ http://www.rpm.org/. »¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÃûΪ
rpm-list@redhat.com.µÄÓʼþÌÖÂÛ×éÓÃÓÚ ÌÖÂÛÓëRPMÏà¹ØµÄÎÊ
Ìâ¡£¸ÃÌÖÂÛ×黹±»ÊÕ¼¯ÓÚhttp://www.redhat.com/support/mailing-lists/.
ÒªÏë¶©ÔĸÃÌÖÂÛ×飬¿ÉÒÔÆð²ÝÒ»·âÓʼþ£¬±êÌâÀ¸ÄÚ×¢Ã÷subscribe£¬
·¢Ë͵½ÒÔϵØÖ·£º rpm-list-request@redhat.com ¡£
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adduser½Å±¾±»Ì滻ΪָÏò/usr/sbin/useraddµÄÁ¬½Ó
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make menuconfig ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö²ÊÉ«Óû§½çÃæ£¬²Ëµ¥Çý¶¯µÄ³ÌÐò¡£¸÷ÖÖ¹¦Äܲ¿¼þÒÔ²Ë
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make xconfig ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öXÊÓ´°³ÌÐò¡£¹¦Äܲ¿¼þ·Ö²ãÁÐÓڲ˵¥ÖУ¬ÓÃÊó±êÀ´½øÐÐ
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ÓÃmake modulesÃüÁÁ¢ÄúÅäÖõÄÄ£×é
½«ÀϵÄÄ£×éÒÆµ½ÆäËüµØ·½£º
rm -rf /lib/modules/2.0.29-old
mv /lib/modules/2.0.29 /lib/modules/2.0.29-old
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°²×°ÐÂÄ£×飨¼´±ãÄúûÓн¨Á¢ÈκÎÄ£×飩£¬Ê¹ÓÃÃüÁî? make modules_install.
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Ïà Îļþ£¨Çë¿´µÚ11.4.2½Ú; ×¢ÒâÔÚ¶¨ÖƵĺËÐÄÖÐÒÔÄ£×é
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LILOµÄÑ¡µ¥ÖÐÊ®·Ö¼òµ¥¡£ÄúÖ»Ð轫/bootĿ¼ÏµÄ
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boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=100
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label=linux
root=/dev/hda1
read-only
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boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=100
image=/boot/vmlinuz
label=linux
initrd=/boot/initrd
root=/dev/hda1
read-only
image=/boot/vmlinuz.old
label=old
root=/dev/hda1
read-only
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LILO boot:
linux old
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mv /boot/vmlinuz /boot/vmlinuz.old
cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/zImage /boot/vmlinuz
edit /etc/lilo.conf
run /sbin/lilo
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alias scsi_hostadapter BusLogic
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/sbin/mkinitrd /boot/newinitrd-image 2.0.12
/boot/newinitrd-imageÊÇÐÂÉú³ÉÓ³ÏàµÄÎļþÃû£¬¶ø2.0.12±íʾÄúÒªÔÚinitrdÖÐ
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make modules
make modules_install
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ǰ¼Ó#£©
11.5 Sendmail
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# sendmail.cw - include all aliases for your machine
# here.
torgo.redhat.com
poodle.redhat.com
devel.redhat.com
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# who I send unqualified names to
# (null means deliver locally)
DRmail.redhat.com
# who gets all local email traffic
DHmail.redhat.com
# who I masquerade as (null for no masquerading)
DMredhat.com
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ALL: redhat.com .redhat.com
in.talkd: ALL
in.ntalkd: ALL
in.fingerd: ALL
in.ftpd: ALL
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mkdir /mnt/local # Only required if /mnt/local doesn't exist
mount bigdog:/mnt/export /mnt/local
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directory hostname(options)
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/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/chat-<interface-name>
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emacs-X11.
emacs-X11 -- (Version 20.2, 2,327K)
Õâ¸ö°üÊÇÒ»¸öÖ§³ÖXµÄemacs¶þ½øÖƳÌÐò. ÔÚXÖ®Íâ, ËüÒ²¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐ, µ«ÊÇÔÚXÄÚ, Ëü
¿ÉÒÔÖ§³ÖÊó±êºÍͼÐνçÃæ.
emacs-el -- (Version 20.2, 14,718K)
Õâ¸ö°üÊÇemacsÈí¼þ°üµÄelispÔ´³ÌÐò. ³ý·ÇÄúÏëÐÞ¸ÄÕâЩ°ü»ò¿´¿´elispÀý×Ó, ·ñ
Ôò²»ÐèÒª°²×°Ëü.
emacs-nox -- (Version 20.2, 1,995K)
Õâ¸ö°üÊDz»Ö§³ÖXµÄemacs¶þ½øÖƳÌÐò. ËäÈ»emacs-X11¿ÉÒÔÔÚXÖ®ÍâÔËÐÐ, µ«ÊÇÕâ
¸ö °ü¸ü½ÚÔ¼ÄÚ´æ.
jed -- (Version 0.98.4, 1,193K)
JedÊÇÒ»¸ö»ùÓÚslangÆÁÄ»¿âµÄ¿ìËÙ¼ò½àµÄ±à¼Æ÷. ËüÓÐC, C++ºÍÆäËüÓïÑÔµÄÌØ±ð ±à
¼Ä£Ê½. Ëü¿ÉÒÔÄ£ÄâEmacs, Wordstar ºÍÆäËü±à¼Æ÷, ²¢
¿ÉÒÔ¶Ôslangºê, ÑÕÉ«, ¼üÅ̽øÐпͻ§»¯.
jed-xjed -- (Version 0.98.4, 153K)
Xjed ÊÇjedµÄX°æ±¾.
joe -- (Version 2.8, 283K)
JoeÊÇÒ»¸öÓѺõÄÒ×ÓÃµÄ±à¼Æ÷. ËüÓÐÒ»¸öºÜºÃµÄ½çÃæ, ÌØ±ðÊʺÏÐÂÊÖʹÓÃ. ËüºÍ
WordStarʹÓÃÏàͬµÄ¼üÅÌ×éºÏ.
vim -- (Version 5.1, 3,780K)
ËüÊǼ¸ºõËùÓÐUNIXϵͳ¶¼ÓеÄviµÄÉý¼¶. ËüÔö¼ÓÁ˶ര¿Ú, ¶à¼¶undo, ¿é²Ù×÷µÈ Ðí
¶àеÄÌØÐÔ.
vim-X11 -- (Version 5.1, 451K)
´øÓÐX½çÃæµÄvim. ÄúÖ»ÐèÊäÈë'gvim'.
C.1.4 Ä£ÄâÆ÷(Emulators)
±¾½ÚµÄ°ü¿ÉÒÔÈÃÄúÔÚRed Hat LinuxϵͳÔËÐÐÆäËü²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ³ÌÐò.
dosemu -- (Version 0.66.7, 3,269K)
Õâ¸ö°üʹÄú¿ÉÒÔÔÚLinuxÏÂÔËÐÐÐí¶àDOS³ÌÐò. Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐÒ»¸öDOS-CÄÚºË(¼æÈÝ
MS-DOS3.31)µÄÒ»¸öÓ³ÏóºÍFreeDOS¹¤¾ß. Äú±ØÐèÒÔrootµÇ¼,
²¢ÔÚÌáʾ·ûÊäÈë'dos'.
xdosemu -- (Version 0.66.7, 26K)
ÔÚXÏÂÔËÐеÄDOSÄ£ÄâÆ÷. ËüÌṩVGAͼÏóÖ§³ÖºÍÊó±êÖ§³Ö.
C.1.5 ¹¤³Ì(Engineering)
±¾½Ú°üº¬¹¤³Ì·½ÃæµÄÈí¼þ°ü.
spice -- (Version 2g6, 431K)
SPICEÊÇÒ»¸öͨÓõÄÌṩ·ÇÏßÐÔÖ±Á÷, ·ÇÏßÐÔ¶Ì·ºÍÏßÐÔ½»Á÷·ÖÎöµÄµç·ģÄâ³ÌÐò. µç
·¿ÉÒÔ°üº¬µç×è, µçÈÝ, µç¸Ð, ¹²Óеç¸Ð, ¶ÀÁ¢µÄµçѹ
ºÍµçÁ÷Ô´, ËÄÀàÏà¹ØµçÔ´, µ¼Ïß, ºÍËÄÖÖ³£Óõİ뵼ÌåÉ豸.
units -- (Version 1.0, 24K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö¼ÆÁ¿µ¥Î»×ª»»³ÌÐò.
C.1.6 ͼÐÎ(Graphics)
±¾½ÚµÄ°ü°ïÖúÄú×öͼÐÎÏà¹ØµÄ¹¤×÷.
ghostscript -- (Version 3.33, 1,795K)
GhostscriptÊÇÒ»¸öPostScript·ÒëÆ÷. Ëü¿ÉÒÔ°ÑPostScriptºÍPDF¼æÈÝÎļþÊä
³öµ½ °üº¬XµÄÉ豸, Ðí¶à´òÓ¡»ú¸ñʽ(°üÀ¨²ÊÉ«´òÓ¡»ú), ºÍÁ÷
ÐеÄͼÐÎÎļþ¸ñʽ.
ghostscript-fonts -- (Version 4.0, 2,188K)
GhostScript·ÒëÆ÷ÔÚÊä³öÎı¾ÊÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÕâЩ×ÖÌå.
giftrans -- (Version 1.12.2, 20K)
Õâ¸ö³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÔÚÃüÁîÐÐת»»ºÍ²Ù×÷GIFͼÏó. ËüÌØ±ðÊÊÓÃÓÚΪWEBÕ¾µã×ö²Êɫ͸Ã÷.
libgr-progs -- (Version 2.0.13, 1,397K)
Õâ¸ö°üÓв»Í¬µÄ¹¤¾ßÈí¼þÀ´²Ù×÷JPEGÎļþ.
xfig -- (Version 3.2, 685K)
Õâ¸ö³ÌÐò¸øÄú´´½¨»ù±¾µÄµ½Öм¶Ë®Æ½µÄʸÁ¿Í¼ÐÎËùÐèµÄËùÓÐÌØÐÔ, °üÀ¨ÇúÏß, Ö±Ïß µÈ
µÈ.
zgv -- (Version 3.0, 172K)
ZgvÊÇÒ»¸öͼÐιۿ´³ÌÐò, ¿ÉÒÔ¿´GIF, JPEG, PBM/PGM/PPM, BMP, TGA,PNG¸ñʽ
µÄ Îļþ.
C.1.7 Óʼþ(Mail)
±¾½Ú°üº¬Ò»Ð©Á÷ÐеÄe-mialÈí¼þ°ü.
elm -- (Version 2.4.25, 479K)
ELMÊÇ×îÁ÷ÐеÄÖÕ¶ËģʽµÄÓʼþ³ÌÐòÖ®Ò». ËüÊÇÇ¿ÓÐÁ¦µÄ, Ò×ÓÚʹÓõÄ, ºÍÈÝÒ×ÕÒ µ½°ï
Öú. Ëü¾ßÓÐÄúÏ£ÍûµÄÒ»ÇвÙ×÷ÓʼþµÄÌØÐÔ, °üÀ¨MIME
Ö§³Ö(ͨ¹ýmetamail).
exmh -- (Version 2.0.2, 1,814K)
exmhÊÇÒ»¸öͼÐνçÃæµÄMHÓʼþϵͳ. Ëü°üÀ¨MIMEÖ§³Ö, glimpseË÷Òý, ²ÊÉ«, PGP
µÈµÈ. ÉùÒôÖ§³ÖÐèÒªsox.
fetchmail -- (Version 4.4.1, 455K)
fetcmailÊÇÒ»¸ö´ÓÔ¶³Ì·þÎñÆ÷½ÓÊÕÓʼþµÄ³ÌÐò. Ëü¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃPOP»òIMAPÐÒé, ¶ø ·¢
ËÍÓʼþͨ¹ý±¾µØSMTP·þÎñÆ÷.
mailx -- (Version 5.5.kw, 83K)
/bin/mail³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´·¢ËÍ¿ìËÙÓʼþÐÅÏ¢, ²¢¾³£ÓÃÔÚshell scriptÖÐ.
metamail -- (Version 2.7, 333K)
Metamail ÊÇMIMEµÄʵÏÖ, MIME(Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)
ÊÇÒòÌØ ÍøÉ϶àýÌåÓʼþµÄ½¨Òé±ê×¼. Metamial»¹ÊµÏÖÁËͨ¹ý
'mailcap'»úÖÆ½øÐÐÀ©Õ¹ºÍÅäÖÃ.
mutt -- (Version 0.91.1, 463K)
MuttÊÇÒ»¸öСµÄµ«ÓÐÁ¦µÄÈ«ÆÁÄ»UNIXÓʼþ¿Í»§³ÌÐò. ÌØÐÔ°üÀ¨MIMEÖ§³Ö, ²ÊÉ«,
POP3Ö§³Ö, ÏûÏ¢Ïß³Ì, ×éºÏ¼üµÈ.
nmh -- (Version 0.24, 4,274K)
nmhÊÇÒ»¸öÁ÷ÐеÄÓʼþϵͳ(ÓÐPOPÖ§³Ö), µ«Ö»ÓÐÃüÁîÐнçÃæ. ËüÊÇÏóxmhºÍexmhµÈ
³ÌÐòµÄÖØÒªµÄ»ù´¡.
pine -- (Version 3.96, 2,367K)
PineÊÇÒ»¸öÈ«ÌØÐԵĻùÓÚÎÄ×Ö½çÃæµÄÓʼþºÍÐÂÎſͻ§³ÌÐò. Ëü¼´ÊÊÓÃÐÂÊÖ, ÓÖÊÊÓà ר¼Ò.
ËüÓÐÒ»¸öÒ×ÓÚʹÓÃµÄ±à¼Æ÷, pico, ÓÃÀ´·¢ÐÅ.
Pico×÷Ϊµ¥¶ÀµÄ±à¼Æ÷Ô½À´Ô½ Á÷ÐÐ. ËüÖ§³ÖMIME, µØÖ·²¾, IMAP, ÓʼþºÍMHÀàÐ͵Ä
Îļþ¼Ð.
C.1.8 Êýѧ(Math)
±¾½Ú°üÀ¨Êýѧ¼Ò¸ÐÐËȤµÄÈí¼þ°ü.
bc -- (Version 1.04, 125K)
bcÊÇÒ»¸öÎÄ×ÖģʽµÄ¼ÆËãÆ÷. ËüÓÐÐí¶àÀ©Õ¹ÐÔÄÜ, Èç»ù±¾µÄת»». Ëü»¹½ÓÊÜ stdinµÄ
ÊäÈë,²¢·µ»ØÊä³ö. dcÊÇRPN°æ±¾.
gnuplot -- (Version 3.5, 495K)
ÕâÊÇGNU»æÍ¼Èí¼þ°ü. Ëü¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´°ÑͼÐÎÊä³öµ½X Window»òÒ»¸öÎļþ.
C.1.9 ÍøÂç(Networking)
±¾½Ú°üº¬ÍøÂçÏà¹ØµÄ°ü.
lynx -- (Version 2.8, 1,916K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö»ùÓÚÖն˵ÄWWWä¯ÀÀÆ÷. Ëü²»»áÏÔʾͼÐÎ, µ«ÊÇËüºÜºÃµØÖ§³ÖÁËHTMLÎļþ ¸ñ
ʽ, form ºÍ table.
ncftp -- (Version 2.4.3, 170K)
NcftpÊÇÒ»¸öFTP¿Í»§Èí¼þ, Ëü±È±ê×¼µÄFTPÈí¼þÓиü¶àµÄÓŵã. Ëü°üÀ¨ÃüÁîÐбà¼,
ÃüÁîÀúÊ·, Ö§³ÖÑ»·½ÓÊÜ, ×Ô¶¯µÇ¼µÈµÈ.
tcpdump -- (Version 3.4a5, 186K)
Tcpdump´òÓ¡³öÍøÂç°üµÄÍ·. Ëü·Ç³£Ê¹ÓÃÓÚÍøÂç²é´íºÍ°²È«²Ù×÷.
wget -- (Version 1.5.0, 346K)
GNU Wget¿ÉÒÔÓÃHTTPºÍFTPÐÒé´ÓWEB½ÓÊÜÎļþ. Ëü²»Êǽ»»¥Ê½µÄ¹¤×÷, ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒÔ
ÔÚ ºǫ́¹¤×÷.
Ö§³ÖÑ»·½ÓÊÜHTMLÍøÒ³ºÍFTP -- Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃWgetÀ´ÎªÎļþºÍÍøÒ³×ö¾µÏñ, »òÕßÏóWWW
»úÆ÷ÈËÒ»Ñù´«ÊäWEB(Wget¶®/robots.txt).
WgetÔÚÂýµÄ²»Îȶ¨µÄÁ¬½ÓÉϹ¤×÷µÄ·Ç³£ºÃ, ³ÖÐøµÄ½ÓÊÜÎļþÖ±µ½ÍêÈ«ÊÕµ½. ÕâÐèÒª ·þÎñ
Æ÷Ö§³Ö¶ÏµãÔÙÐø. ÔÚ´ÓFTP½ÓÊÜʱ¿ÉÒÔÖ§³Ö´óСдƥ
ÅäºÍÑ»·¾µÏñĿ¼. HTTPºÍFTP ½ÓÊܶ¼¿ÉÒÔ´òÉÏʱ¼ä±ê¼Ç, ÕâÑùWget¿ÉÒÔ¿´Ô¶³ÌÎļþ
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еİ汾.
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Õâ¸ö³ÌÐòË¢ÐÂÄں˱£³ÖµÄ´ÅÅÌ»º³åÇø, ʹËüÃDz»ÖÁ¹ýÓڳ¾É.
gpm -- (Version 1.13, 193K)
GPMΪÖîÈçemacs,Midnight CommanderµÈÎÄ×Ö½çÃæµÄLinuxÓ¦ÓÃÔö¼ÓÊó±êÖ§³Ö. Ëü
»¹ ÌṩÓÃÊó±ê½øÐÐÇиîºÍÕ³ÌùµÄ²Ù×÷. Ëü°üÀ¨Ò»¸ö³ÌÐòÔÊÐí
ÔÚµ¥»÷Êó±ê¼üʱµ¯³ö²Ëµ¥.
kernel-pcmcia-cs -- (Version 3.0.0, 677K)
Ö§³ÖPCMCIA¿¨.
procmail -- (Version 3.10, 180K)
Red Hat Linux ʹÓÃprocmail¿ØÖƱ¾µØÓʼþ´«Êä. ÁíÍâ, procmail¿ÉÒÔ×öÐí¶à²»
ͬ µÄ×Ô¶¯¹ýÂË, Ô¤·ÖÀà, Óʼþ¿ØÖƵŤ×÷. ËüÊÇSmartList
ÓʼþÇåµ¥´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ»ù´¡.
sendmail-cf -- (Version 8.8.7, 611K)
Õâ¸ö°üÓÐËùÓеÄÅäÖÃÎļþ, ÓÃÀ´Éú³ÉºÍ»ù±¾ÓʼþÈí¼þ°üÒ»Æð·¢²¼µÄsendmail.cfÎÄ ¼þ.
Èç¹ûÄúÐèÒªÖØÐÂÅäÖÃsendmail.cfÎļþ, Äú¾ÍÐèÒªÕâ¸ö
°ü. ÀýÈç, ĬÈϵÄsendmail.cf ²»ÅäÖÃUUCP. Èç¹ûÄúÐèÒªÓÃUUCPÊÕ·¢Óʼþ, Äú¾ÍÐè
ÒªÕâ¸ö°ü°ïÖúÄúÖØÐÂÅäÖÃ.
sendmail-doc -- (Version 8.8.7, 1,219K)
Õâ¸ö°üº¬Óа汾ÐÅÏ¢, sendmail³£¼ûÎÊÌâ, ºÍһЩ¹ØÓÚsendmailµÄÎĵµ.
sysklogd -- (Version 1.3, 105K)
ÕâÊÇLinuxϵͳºÍÄں˵ÄÈÕÖ¾³ÌÐò. ËüÔÚºǫ́ÔËÐаÑÏûÏ¢¼Ç¼ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄµØ·½. ͨ³£ ¼Ç¼
ÓÐsendmailÈÕÖ¾, °²È«ÈÕÖ¾ºÍÆäËû³ö´íÐÅÏ¢.
uucp -- (Version 1.06.1, 2,010K)
UUCPÊÇÒ»¸öUnixµ½UnixµÄ´«ËÍ»úÖÆ. ËüÖ÷ÒªÓÃÓÚ´ÓÔ¶³ÌÕ¾µãÏÂÔØºÍÉÏÔØÓʼþºÍÐÂÎÅ
µ½±¾µØ»úÆ÷.
vixie-cron -- (Version 3.0.1, 54K)
cronÊÇÒ»¸ö±ê×¼µÄUNIX³ÌÐò, ÓÃÀ´¶¨Ê±ÔËÐÐÓû§Ö¸¶¨µÄ³ÌÐò. vixie cronÔÚ»ù±¾µÄ
UNIX cronÉÏÔö¼ÓÁËÐí¶àеÄÌØÐÔ, °üÀ¨¸üºÃµÄ°²È«ÐÔÄÜ
ºÍ¸üÇ¿µÄÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî.
C.4 ¿ª·¢(Development)
±¾½Ú°üº¬³ÌÐòÔ±¸ÐÐËȤµÄ°ü. Red Hat LinuxÌṩÐí¶à·Ç³£ÓÐÓõijÌÐòÔ±¹¤¾ß, ËùÒÔ Õâ
C.4.2 Building
±¾½ÚµÄ°ü°ïÖú³ÌÐòÔ±ÈÝÒ׵ش´½¨³ÌÐò.
autoconf -- (Version 2.12, 524K)
GNUµÄ"autoconf"ÊÇÒ»¸öÔ´³ÌÐòºÍMakefileÅäÖõŤ¾ß. Ëüͨ¹ýÔÊÐíÈËÃÇÓò»Í¬µÄ
ÅäÖÃÑ¡Ïî´´½¨°ü, À´°ïÖú³ÌÐòÔ±´´½¨¿ÉÒÆÖ²µÄºÍ¿ÉÅäÖõÄ
°ü.
"autoconf"¶Ô×îÖÕÓû§ÊDz»ÐèÒªµÄ - ËüÖ»ÓÃÓÚ´´½¨ÅäÖýű¾.
automake -- (Version 1.3, 777K)
AutomakeÊÇÒ»¸öʵÑéµÄMakefileÉú³ÉÆ÷. ËüÐèÒª4.4BSD makeºÍincludeÎļþ,
µ«ÊÇËüµÄÄ¿±êÊÇ¿ÉÒÆÖ²ºÍ¸½ºÏGNUΪMakefile±äÁ¿ºÍÄ¿±êµÄ±ê
×¼.
make -- (Version 3.76.1, 247K)
make³ÌÐòÓÃÀ´Ðµ÷±àÒëºÍÁ¬½ÓÒ»×éÔ´³ÌÐòÉú³É³ÌÐò, Ö»ÓбØÒªÊ±²ÅÖØ±àÒë, ÕâÑù¾Í ½ÚÔ¼
Á˳ÌÐòÔ±µÄʱ¼ä. ÊÂʵÉÏ, make¿ÉÒÔ×ö¸ü¶à -- ÔĶÁ
infoÎĵµ.
pmake -- (Version 1.0, 126K)
PmakeÊÇmakeµÄÌØ±ð°æ±¾, Ö§³Ö±ê×¼make³ÌÐòûÓеÄһЩ¸ñʽ. ÓÐЩberkeley ³Ì
ÐòÓÐΪpmakeдµÄMakefile.
C.4.3 µ÷ÊÔ(Debuggers)
±¾½ÚµÄ°üʹÄú¸üÈÝÒ×·¢ÏÖ³ÌÐòµÄ´íÎó.
ElectricFence -- (Version 2.0.5, 44K)
Electric FenceÊÇÒ»¸ö¿â¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´C±à³ÌºÍµ÷ÊÔ. ÔÚ±àÒëʱÁ¬½ÓËü, Ëü»á¾¯¸æÄú ¿ÉÄÜ
µÄ´íÎó, ÈçûÓÐÄÚ´æµÈ.
gdb -- (Version 4.17, 1,236K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÈ«ÌØÐÔµÄ, ÃüÁîÇý¶¯µÄµ÷ÊÔ³ÌÐò. ËüÔÊÐíÄú¸ú×Ù³ÌÐòµÄÖ´ÐÐ, ¼ì²éËüÃÇ µÄÄÚ²¿
״̬. Ëü×÷ÓÃÓÚGNU C±àÒëÆ÷gcc±àÒëµÄCºÍC++.
strace -- (Version 3.1, 113K)
StraceΪÁíÒ»¸ö³ÌÐò×÷µÄÿһ´Îϵͳµ÷ÓôòÓ¡Ò»Ìõ¼Ç¼, °üÀ¨´«Ë͵IJÎÊýºÍ·µ»Ø Öµ.
xxgdb -- (Version 1.12, 95K)
xxgdb ÊÇGNUµ÷ÊÔ³ÌÐòµÄͼÐνçÃæ. ËüÄÜÔÚÖ´ÐÐʱÏÔʾԴ³ÌÐò, ÉèÖöϵã, µ¥²½ Ö´ÐÐ
-- ËùÓеͼÓÐÒ»¸öÒ×ÓÚʹÓõÄͼÐεÄX½çÃæ.
C.4.4 ÓïÑÔ(Languages)
±¾½Ú°üº¬²»Í¬µÄ³ÌÐòÓïÑÔ.
basic -- (Version 1.20, 53K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öBASIC½âÊÍÆ÷. Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃËüÀ´Ö´ÐÐBASIC³ÌÐò.
bin86 -- (Version 0.4, 70K)
Õâ¸ö°üÌṩÁËʵģʽ80x86Ö¸ÁîµÄ»ã±àÆ÷ºÍÁ¬½ÓÆ÷. ʵģʽÏÂÔËÐеijÌÐò, °üÀ¨ LILO
µÈ, ÐèÒªÕâ¸ö°üÀ´´ÓÔ´³ÌÐò´´½¨Ö´ÐгÌÐò.
ctags -- (Version 2.0.3, 77K)
Ò»¸ö¸üºÃµÄctags, ¿ÉÒÔΪËùÓпÉÄܵıê¼ÇÀàÐÍÉú³É±ê¼Ç: ºê¶¨Òå, ö¾ÙÖµ, º¯Êý ºÍ·½
·¨¶¨Òå, enum/struct/union±ê¼Ç, Íⲿº¯ÊýÔÐÎ,
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egcs -- (Version 1.0.2, 2,968K)
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egcs-c++ -- (Version 1.0.2, 1,965K)
Õâ¸ö°üΪGNU C±àÒëÆ÷Ôö¼ÓÁËC++Ö§³Ö. Ëü°üº¬ÁË´ó¶àÊýµ±Ç°C++µÄÌØÐÔ, °üÀ¨Ä£°å ºÍ
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egcs-g77 -- (Version 1.0.2, 2,569K)
Õâ¸ö°üΪGNU±àÒëÆ÷Ôö¼ÓÁËFortran 77µÄÖ§³Ö.
egcs-objc -- (Version 1.0.2, 1,648K)
Õâ¸ö°üΪGNU CÆ÷Ôö¼ÓÀÕObjective CÖ§³Ö. Objective CÊÇÒ»¸öÃæÏò¶ÔÏóµÄCÓï
ÑÔ, Ö÷ÒªÔÚNextStepϵͳ. Õâ¸ö°ü²»°üÀ¨±ê×¼µÄObjective C
¿â.
expect -- (Version 5.24, 2,297K)
ExpectÊÇÒ»¸ö¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯ºÍÓ¦ÓóÌÐò½»»¥, ÕâЩ³ÌÐòÓÐtelnet, ftp, passwd,
fsck, rlogin, tip, µÈµÈ. ËüÊÇÒ»¸ö½Å±¾¸üÈÝÒ׿ØÖÆÆäËû
³ÌÐò.
f2c -- (Version 19970805, 819K)
f2cÊÇÒ»¸ö Fortranµ½C µÄ·Òë³ÌÐò.
fort77 -- (Version 1.14a, 11K)
ÕâÊÇf2cµÄÇý¶¯³ÌÐò.
gcc -- (Version 2.7.2.3, 2,046K)
GNU C±àÒëÆ÷ -- Ò»¸öÈ«ÌØÐÔµÄANSI C±àÒëÆ÷, »¹Ö§³ÖK&R C. GCCÌṩÁËÐí¶àµÄÔ´
³ÌÐò´íÎó¼ì²é, ²úÉúµ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢, Ö´ÐÐÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄÓÅ»¯. °ü
À¨C++ºÍObjective CµÄ±àÒëÆ÷.
guavac -- (Version 0.3.1, 2,676K)
GuavacÊÇÒ»¸öJava³ÌÐòÓïÑԵĶÀÁ¢µÄ±àÒëÆ÷. ËüÊÇÓÉC++д³É, ¿ÉÒÔÒÆÖ²µ½ÈκÎÖ§ ³Ö
GNU C++±àÒëÆ÷µÄƽ̨.
kaffe -- (Version 0.9.2, 436K)
KaffeÊÇÒ»¸öÖ´ÐÐJava¶þ½øÖÆ´úÂëµÄÐéÄâ»ú. Õâ¸öÐéÄâ»ú¿ÉÒÔÅäÖóÉÁ½ÖÖģʽ. Ò» ÖÖ
ģʽÊÇ´¿µÄ¶þ½øÖÆ´úÂë½âÊÍÆ÷; µÚ¶þÖÖģʽÊÇÖ´ÐдӾø
¶Ô´úÂëµ½Ö÷»ú±¾µØ´úÂëµÄʵ ʱת»». Õâ¿ÉÒÔʹִÐÐËٶȼӿì, µ«Áé»îÐÔ½µµÍ.
kaffe-bissawt -- (Version 0.9.2, 526K)
Biss-AWTÊÇÒ»¸ö¼¯³Éµ½kaffeµÄÒ»¸öAWT´°¿Ú¹¤¾ß. Ëü¿ÉÒÔÈÃJava³ÌÐòÀûÓÃX.
p2c-devel -- (Version 1.20, 507K)
ÊÇÒ»¸öPascalµ½CµÄ·ÒëÆ÷.
python -- (Version 1.5.1, 5,320K)
PythonÊÇÒ»¸ö½âÊ͵Ä, ÃæÏò¶ÔÏóµÄ½Å±¾ÓïÑÔ. Ëü°üº¬¶Ô¶¯Ì¬×°ÔضÔÏó, Àà, Ä£¿éºÍ Àý
ÍâµÄÖ§³Ö. ͨ¹ýC´úÂë¸øÐÂϵͳ¿âÔö¼Ó½çÃæÊÇÖ±½ØÁ˵±
µÄ.
Õâ¸öPython°üº¬Óдó¶àÊý±ê×¼PythonÄ£¿é, »¹ÓÐTkºÍRPMµÄ½çÃæÄ£¿é.
python-devel -- (Version 1.5.1, 2,878K)
Python½âÊÍÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÈÝÒ׵ض¯Ì¬×°ÔغÍǶÈëÆäËû³ÌÐò. Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
python-docs -- (Version 1.5.1, 2,611K)
Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐPythonÓïÑÔµÄÎĵµ.
tcl -- (Version 8.0.2, 5,438K)
TCLÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ½Å±¾ÓïÑÔ, Éè¼ÆÓÃÀ´Ç¶ÈëÆäËûÓ¦ÓÃ. Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐtclsh, Ò»¸öTCL Ó¦
Óõļòµ¥Àý×Ó. TCL·Ç³£Á÷ÐÐÓÚдСµÄͼÐÎÓ¦ÓÃ, ÒòΪËü
ºÍTK½ôÃÜÁ¬½Ó.
tclx -- (Version 8.0.2, 1,938K)
TclXÊÇͨÓõÄUNIXÈÎÎñµÄ×éÀ©Õ¹. ËüÔöÇ¿Á˶ÔÎļþ, ÍøÂç, µ÷ÊÔ, Êýѧ, ÁбíºÍÆäËû
·½ÃæµÄÖ§³Ö. Ëü¿ÉÒÔºÍtcl»òtcl/tkÓ¦ÓÃÒ»ÆðʹÓÃ.
tix -- (Version 4.1.0.6, 2,706K)
TixÊÇtkµÄÔöÇ¿. Ëü°üÀ¨combo box, file selection, notebooks, paned
windows, spin controls,ºÍhierarchical list boxes.
tk -- (Version 8.0.2, 5,214K)
TkÊÇÒ»¸öX WindowsͼÐÎ×é¼þ, ËüºÍTCLÓïÑÔ½ôÃÜÁ¬½Ó, ÈÃÄúдһ¸ö¼òµ¥µÄ³ÌÐò¾Í¿É
µÃµ½Í¼ÐÎÓû§½çÃæ.Tcl/Tk¿ÉÒÔÔËÐÐÔÚWindowsºÍ
Macintoshƽ̨.
tkinter -- (Version 1.5.1, 639K)
PythonµÄÒ»¸öͼÐνçÃæ.
umb-scheme -- (Version 3.2, 1,212K)
UMB SchemeʵÏÖÁËIEEE±ê×¼µÄScheme³ÌÐòÓïÑÔ(1990,Ê®¶þÔÂ).
xlispstat -- (Version 3.50, 2,751K)
LISP³ÌÐòÓïÑÔ.
C.4.5 ¿â(Libraries)
±¾½Ú°üº¬²»Í¬µÄ¿â. һЩ¿âÊÇÕý³£µÄϵͳ²Ù×÷ËùÐèÒªµÄ, ÁíһЩֻÓе±ÄúдµÄ³ÌÐò Óõ½
ËüÃǵÄÌØÐÔ²ÅÐèÒª.
cracklib -- (Version 2.7, 69K)
¼ì²é¿ÚÁî.
e2fsprogs-devel -- (Version 1.10, 225K)
¿ª·¢ext2ÎļþϵͳÏà¹Ø³ÌÐòËùÐèµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
faces-devel -- (Version 1.6.1, 22K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öxface¿ª·¢»·¾³. Ëü°üÀ¨½øÐÐxface¿ª·¢ÐèÒªµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
giflib -- (Version 3.0, 2,047K)
GIF×°ÔØºÍÖü´æ¿âºÍ¹¤¾ß.
glibc -- (Version 2.0.7, 15,389K)
°üº¬ÏµÍ³Öжà³ÌÐòÓõıê×¼¿â. ΪÁ˽ÚÔ¼Ó²Å̿ռä, ͬʱÒ×ÓÚÉý¼¶, ͨÓõÄϵͳ´ú Âë·Å
ÔÚͬһµØ·½ÓɳÌÐò¹²Ïí. Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐ×îÖØÒªµÄ¹²Ïí
¿â, ±ê×¼C¿âºÍ±ê×¼µÄÊýѧ¿â. ûÓÐËüLinuxϵͳÎÞ·¨¹¤×÷. Ëü»¹Óи÷¹úÓïÑÔÖ§³ÖºÍʱ
ÇøµÄÊý¾Ý¿â.
glibc-debug -- (Version 2.0.7, 2K)
Õâ¸ö¿â°üº¬¸ú×Ù³ÌÐòÖ´ÐÐÓõ½µÄµ÷ÊÔÐÅÏ¢. Ö»Óе÷ÊÔ¹²Ïí¿âʱ²ÅÐèÒªËüÃÇ.
glibc-devel -- (Version 2.0.7, 11,602K)
ʹÓñê×¼C¿âµÄ¿ª·¢³ÌÐò, ϵͳÐèÒªÕâЩͷÎļþºÍÄ¿±êÎļþ´´½¨¿ÉÖ´ÐÐÎļþ.
glibc-profile -- (Version 2.0.7, 9,972K)
ʹÓÃgprofʱÐèÒªÕâЩ¿â.
gpm-devel -- (Version 1.13, 23K)
Õâ¸ö°üÔÊÐíÄú¿ª·¢Äú×Ô¼ºµÄ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÊó±êµÄ×Ö·û½çÃæµÄ³ÌÐò.
inn-devel -- (Version 1.7.2, 129K)
һЩʹÓÃINN½Ó¿ÚµÄ³ÌÐòÐèÒªÕâ¸ö¿â.
libgr-devel -- (Version 2.0.13, 307K)
Õâ¸ö°ü°ïÖúÄú¿ª·¢¿ØÖÆÍ¼ÐθñʽµÄ³ÌÐò.
libjpeg-devel -- (Version 6b, 228K)
Õâ¸ö°ü°ïÖúÄú¿ª·¢jpegͼÐεijÌÐò.
libpng-devel -- (Version 1.0.1, 227K)
PGN¿âËùÐèÒªµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¾²Ì¬¿â.
libstdc++-devel -- (Version 2.8.0, 1,107K)
±ê×¼µÄC++¿â. °üÀ¨C++¿ª·¢ËùÐèµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
libtiff-devel -- (Version 3.4, 1,372K)
Õâ¸ö°ü°ïÖúÄú¿ª·¢TIFFͼÐεijÌÐò.
ncurses-devel -- (Version 4.2, 5,795K)
ncursesÐèÒªµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
newt-devel -- (Version 0.24, 66K)
newtÐèÒªµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
postgresql-devel -- (Version 6.3.2, 1,003K)
Ö±½ÓºÍPostgreSQLºǫ́·þÎñÆ÷½»Ì¸µÄ³ÌÐòÐèÒªµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
pythonlib -- (Version 1.22, 236K)
Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐRed Hat³ÌÐòÓõ½µÄ²»Í¬µÄ´úÂë.
readline-devel -- (Version 2.2, 256K)
"readline"¿â½«´ÓÖն˶ÁÈëÒ»Ðв¢·µ»Ø.
rpm-devel -- (Version 2.4.12, 183K)
RPMÐèÒªµÄ¿â.
slang-devel -- (Version 0.99.38, 472K)
slangµÄ¿â.
svgalib-devel -- (Version 1.2.13, 407K)
SVGAÐèÒªµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
xpm-devel -- (Version 3.4j, 217K)
ÔÊÐíÄú¿ª·¢ÏÔʾBITMAPµÄÓ¦ÓÃ.
zlib-devel -- (Version 1.1.2, 159K)
zlibѹËõ¿âÌṩÔÚÄÚ´æÖÐѹËõºÍ½âѹËõ¹¦ÄÜ.
Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐʹÓÃzlibÐèÒªµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
C.4.6 ¹¤¾ß(Tools)
±¾½Ú°üº¬³ÌÐòÔ±ÐèÒªµÄ¹¤¾ß.
binutils -- (Version 2.9.0.3, 4,528K)
binutilsÊÕ¼¯Á˱àÒë³ÌÐòÐèÒªµÄ¹¤¾ß. Ëü°üÀ¨»ã±àÆ÷ºÍÁ¬½ÓÆ÷ºÍÆäËûС³ÌÐò.
bison -- (Version 1.25, 158K)
ÕâÊÇGNUÓï·¨·ÖÎöÆ÷, ºÍyacc¼æÈÝ. Ðí¶à³ÌÐòʹÓÃËü×÷ΪËüÃǵÄÒ»²¿·Ö.
byacc -- (Version 1.9, 54K)
ÊÇÒ»¸ö¹«¹²µÄyaccÓï·¨·ÖÎöÆ÷.
cdecl -- (Version 2.5, 74K)
Õâ¸ö°ü½«Ó¢Óï·ÒëΪC/C++º¯ÊýÉùÃ÷»òÏà·´. Ëü¶Ô³ÌÐòÔ±ºÜÓÐÓÃ.
cproto -- (Version 4.4, 92K)
Cproto½«Ö¸¶¨µÄCÔ´Îļþ¶¨ÒåµÄº¯ÊýÉú³Éº¯ÊýÔÐβ¢Êä³öµ½±ê×¼Êä³ö.
flex -- (Version 2.5.4a, 291K)
GNU¿ìËٵĴʷ¨·ÖÎöÆ÷.
gettext -- (Version 0.10, 443K)
gettext¿âÌṩÁËÒ×ÓÚʹÓõĿâºÍ¹¤¾ßÓÃÀ´´´½¨, ʹÓúÍÐ޸ĸ÷¹úÓïÑÔ. ËüÊǹú¼Ê »¯³Ì
ÐòµÄÒ»¸öÓÐÁ¦¶ø¼òµ¥µÄ¹¤¾ß.
indent -- (Version 1.9.1, 81K)
GNU Ëõ¸ñ³ÌÐò. ËüÓÃÀ´ÃÀ»¯C³ÌÐòÔ´Îļþ.
xwpe -- (Version 1.4.2, 713K)
XWPEʹËĸö³ÌÐòµÄ°ü: we, wpe, xwe, and xwpe. ËüÃÇÊÇͳһ¸ö»ù±¾µÄ³ÌÐòÔ±±à¼
Æ÷ºÍ¿ª·¢»·¾³µÄËĸö²»Í¬°æ±¾. Èç¹ûÄúÊìϤʹÓÃ
Micro$oft WindowsµÄIDE, ÄÇôÄú¿ÉÒÔ Ê¹ÓÃXWPE.
C.4.7 °æ±¾¿ØÖÆ(Version Control)
±¾½ÚµÄ°üÈóÌÐòÔ±¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆËûÃdzÌÐòµÄ°æ±¾.
cvs -- (Version 1.9, 1,543K)
CVSÊÇrcs(1)µÄǰ¶Ë.
rcs -- (Version 5.7, 497K)
The Revision Control System (RCS)¹ÜÀíÎļþµÄ¶àÖÖ°æ±¾. RCS×Ô¶¯´æ´¢, ½ÓÊÕ,
¼Ç¼, ±æ±ðºÍºÏ²¢¸÷ÖÖ°æ±¾. RCSÊÊÓÃÓÚ¾³£Ð޸ĵÄÎļþ,
ÀýÈç³ÌÐò, Îĵµ, ͼÐεÈ.
C.5 Îĵµ(Documentation)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ°üº¬Óв»Í¬µÄLinuxÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢. ÕâÀïÓÐÐí¶àÓÐÓõÄÐÅÏ¢; ³ý·ÇÄúÓ²ÅÌ ²»¹»,
ÄúÓ¦¸Ã°²×°ËüÃÇ. (µ±È», Äú²»ÐèÒª°²×°ËùÓеÄHOWTO;
HOWTOºÍHOWTO-HTMLÓРһЩÊÇÖØ¸´µÄ.)
faq -- (Version 5.1, 1,083K)
ÕâÊǹØÓÚLinuxµÄ³£¼ûÎÊÌâ.
howto -- (Version 5.0, 6,127K)
ÕâÀïÊÕ¼¯ÁË×îºÃµÄLinuxÎĵµ. Èç¹ûÄúÏëÕÒµ½¸üеİ汾, Çë¿´
http://sunsite.unc.edu/linux.
howto-dvi -- (Version 5.0, 2,371K)
ÕâÊÇdvi°æ±¾µÄHOWTO.
howto-html -- (Version 5.0, 6,305K)
ÕâÊÇhtml°æ±¾µÄHOWTO.
howto-ps -- (Version 5.0, 4,872K)
ÕâÊÇPostScript°æ±¾µÄHOWTO.
howto-sgml -- (Version 5.0, 1,735K)
ÕâÊÇSGML°æ±¾µÄHOWTO.
howto-translations -- (Version 5.0, 46,835K)
ÕâÊÇ·Òë³ÉÍâÓïµÄHOWTO. ĿǰֻÓеÂÓïµÄÒ»²¿·Ö.
indexhtml -- (Version 5.0, 6K)
Red Hat html index page
install-guide -- (Version 2.3, 1,520K)
°²×°Ö¸ÄÏ. ÓÐÁ˱¾ÊÖ²á, Äú¾Í²»ÐèÒªËüÁË.
lpg -- (Version 0.4, 1,739K)
ÕâÊÇLinuxϵͳ±à³ÌÖ¸ÄÏ. Çë²Î¼ûhttp://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP.
man-pages -- (Version 1.18, 1,525K)
°üÀ¨Ó¦ÓóÌÐò½Ó¿Ú, Îļþ¸ñʽ, ÐÒéµÈµÄman page¼¯.
Section 1 = user commands (intro only) Section 2 = system calls Section
3 = libc calls Section 4 = devices (e.g., hd, sd)
Section 5 = file formats and protocols (e.g., wtmp, /etc/passwd, nfs)
Section 6 = games (intro only) Section 7 =
conventions, macro packages, etc. (e.g., nroff, ascii) Section 8 =
system administration (intro only)
nag -- (Version 1.0, 1,217K)
ÕâÊÇLinuxÏµÍ³ÍøÂç¹ÜÀíÖ¸ÄÏ. Çë²Î¼ûhttp://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP.
rhl-install-guide-en -- (Version 5.1, 1,306K)
±¾ÊÖ²á.
sag -- (Version 0.5, 603K)
ÕâÊÇLinuxϵͳ¹ÜÀíÖ¸ÄÏ. Çë²Î¼ûhttp://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP.
C.6 À©Õ¹(Extensions)
±¾½ÚÊÇRed Hat LinuxÓïÑÔÀ©Õ¹°ü.
C.6.1 ÈÕÓï(Japanese)
±¾½ÚÊÇRed Hat LinuxÈÕÓïÀ©Õ¹°ü.
kterm -- (Version 6.2.0, 147K)
ktermÊÇKanji(ÈÕÎĺº×Ö)Terminal Emulator. ËüʹÓÃKanji×Ö·û¼¯´úÌæ³£Óà µÄ
Ó¢Óï×Ö·û¼¯.
[ÒëÕß: ÖÐÎÄÓû§Çë²Î¼ûChinese-HOWTO]
C.7 ÓÎÏ·(Games)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ°üΪRed Hat LinuxϵͳµÄÓû§ÌṩÁËÓÐȤµÄÓéÀÖÈí¼þ. ÔÚXϵÄÓÎÏ·Çë ²Î
¼û±¾¸½Â¼µÄX11½Ú.
bsd-games -- (Version 2.1, 1,791K)
Ò»×éÓÎÏ·°üÀ¨backgammon, cribbage, hangman, monop, primes, trek, ºÍ
battlestar.
christminster -- (Version 3, 223K)
Ò»¸öÎÄ×Ö̽ÏÕÓÎÏ·.
colour-yahtzee -- (Version 1.0, 19K)
Ò»¸ö÷»×ÓÓÎÏ·.
doom -- (Version 1.8, 4,797K)
DOOMÊÇ ID software³öµÄ¿Ö²ÀÓÎÏ·. ËüÊǵÚÒ»¸ö¸öÈ˵ÄͼÐÎÓÎÏ·, ÔÊÐíÔÚSVGAlib
»òX, ÔÊÐí¶àÈËÍ¬Ê±Íæ.
fortune-mod -- (Version 1.0, 2,337K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÁ÷ÐеÄÃüÔ˳ÌÐò.
gnuchess -- (Version 4.0.pl77, 1,330K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÖøÃûµÄGNU¹ú¼ÊÏóÆå³ÌÐò.
mysterious -- (Version 1.0, 163K)
Brian Howarth's Mysterious Adventure̽ÏÕÓÎϷϵÁÐ.
pinfocom -- (Version 3.0, 169K)
'pinfocom'ÊǾɵÄInfocom̽ÏÕÓÎÏ·µÄ½âÊÍÆ÷.
scottfree -- (Version 1.14, 31K)
'scottfree'ÊÇScott-Adams-format̽ÏÕÓÎÏ·µÄ½âÊÍÆ÷.
trojka -- (Version 1.1, 15K)
ÌØÂåÒÁľÂí.
vga_cardgames -- (Version 1.3.1, 110K)
Ò»×éֽůÓÎÏ·.
vga_gamespack -- (Version 1.3, 54K)
Ò»×éʹÓÃSVGALIBµÄÓÎÏ·.
C.8 ¿â(Libraries)
±¾½ÚÁгö²»Í¬µÄ¿â. ÕâЩ¿â±»ÆäËû³ÌÐòµ÷ÓÃÒÔÖ§³Å²»Í¬µÄ¹¦ÄÜ, ÀýÈçͼÐβÙ×÷, ¼æÈݾÉ
µÄ¶þ½øÖƳÌÐò¸ñʽ, ºÍÆÁÄ»²Ù×÷.
aout-libs -- (Version 1.4, 3,663K)
¾ÉµÄLinuxϵͳʹÓÃÒ»ÖÖ½Ða.outµÄ³ÌÐòºÍ¹²Ïí¿âµÄ¸ñʽ, еÄʹÓÃELF¸ñʽ. ΪÁË
Ö´ÐоɵÄa.out¸ñʽµÄ³ÌÐò, ÄúÐèÒªÕâ¸ö°üÌṩµÄa.out¸ñ
ʽ¿â. ÓÐÁËËü, Äú¿ÉÒÔÎı¾ ,X»òSVGAlibģʽÔËÐдó¶àÊýa.out¸ñʽµÄ³ÌÐò.
gdbm -- (Version 1.7.3, 25K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý¿âË÷Òý¿â.
gdbm-devel -- (Version 1.7.3, 70K)
ÕâÊÇgdbmµÄ¿ª·¢¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
glib -- (Version 1.0.0, 51K)
¹¤¾ß¿â.
ld.so -- (Version 1.9.5, 242K)
Õâ¸ö°üº¬ÓÐÅäÖù¤¾ßldconfigµÄ¹²Ïí¿â. Ëü»¹º¬ÓÐLinux libc 5¶¯Ì¬×°ÔصĹ²Ïí
¿â.
libc -- (Version 5.3.12, 5,293K)
¾ÉµÄLinuxϵͳ(°üÀ¨Red Hat Linux 2.0ÖÁ4.2)ÊÇ»ùÓÚlibc 5. Õâ¸ö¿â¿ÉÒÔʹ
¾É µÄÓ¦ÓÃÔÊÐíÔÚglibc(libc 6)ϵͳ.
libelf -- (Version 0.6.4, 74K)
Õâ¸ö¿âÈÃÄú·ÃÎÊELF¶ÔÏóÎļþ¸ñʽµÄÄÚ²¿.
libg++ -- (Version 2.7.2.8, 1,897K)
±ê×¼C++¿â.
libgr -- (Version 2.0.13, 210K)
Õâ¸ö¿âÓÃÀ´²Ù×÷²»Í¬µÄͼÐθñʽ, °üÀ¨FBM, PBM, PGM, PNM, PPMºÍREL.
libjpeg -- (Version 6b, 245K)
Õâ¸ö¿âÓÃÀ´²Ù×÷JPEG¸ñʽµÄͼÐÎ.
libpng -- (Version 1.0.1, 217K)
Õâ¸ö¿âÓÃÀ´²Ù×÷PNG¸ñʽµÄͼÏó.
libstdc++ -- (Version 2.8.0, 385K)
±ê×¼C++¿â.
libtermcap -- (Version 2.0.8, 11K)
Õâ¸ö¿âÓÃÀ´·ÃÎÊtermcapÊý¾Ý¿â.
libtermcap-devel -- (Version 2.0.8, 11K)
termcapÊý¾Ý¿â¿ª·¢ÐèÒªµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
libtiff -- (Version 3.4, 607K)
Õâ¸ö¿âÓÃÀ´²Ù×÷TIFF¸ñʽµÄͼÏó.
ncurses -- (Version 4.2, 2,289K)
curses¿â¸øÓû§Ò»¸öÖÕ¶ËÎ޹صÄģʽÐÞ¸ÄÆÁÄ». Õâ¸ö°üÊÇеÄcurses.
ncurses3 -- (Version 1.9.9e, 317K)
curses¿â¸øÓû§Ò»¸öÖÕ¶ËÎ޹صÄģʽÐÞ¸ÄÆÁÄ». Õâ¸ö°üÊÇеÄcurses.
newt -- (Version 0.24, 96K)
NewtÊÇÒ»¸ö´°¿Ú¹¤¾ß.
p2c -- (Version 1.20, 14K)
p2cÊÇPascalµ½CµÄ·Òëϵͳ.
readline -- (Version 2.2, 251K)
ÔÊÐí³ÌÐòÔ±¸øÓû§Ò»¸ö¸üÒ×ʹÓõĽçÃæ.
slang -- (Version 0.99.38, 164K)
SlangÊÇÒ»¸ö»ùÓÚ¶ÑÕ»µÄ½âÊÍÆ÷.
svgalib -- (Version 1.2.13, 579K)
SVGAlibÈÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÓ²¼þƽ̨ʹÓÃÈ«ÆÁÄ»µÄͼÐÎ. Ðí¶àÓÎÏ·ºÍ¹¤¾ßÐèÒªËü.
zlib -- (Version 1.1.2, 57K)
'zlib'ѹËõ¿â.
C.9 ÍøÂç(Networking)
±¾½ÚÁгöÓëÍøÂçÏà¹ØµÄ°ü.
C.9.1 ¹ÜÀí(Admin)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ°üÌṩÁË»ù±¾µÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀí¹¦ÄÜ.
anonftp -- (Version 2.5, 1,018K)
ÔÊÐíÄäÃûFTP·ÃÎÊÄúµÄ»úÆ÷.
net-tools -- (Version 1.33, 149K)
Ò»×éÍøÂç¹ÜÀíµÄ»ù±¾¹¤¾ß. Ëü°üÀ¨ifconfig, route, netstat, rarp,ºÍÆäËû
СµÄ
¹¤¾ß.
nfs-server-clients -- (Version 2.2beta29, 10K)
ÏÔʾexportedºÍmountedµÄÎļþϵͳ.
tcp_wrappers -- (Version 7.6, 245K)
Äú¿ÉÒÔÓÃËüΪSYSTAT, FINGER, FTP, TELNET, RLOGIN, RSH, EXEC, TFTP, TALK
µÈ ¼àÊӺ͹ýÂËTCPÇëÇó.
C.9.2 ¹¤¾ß(Daemons)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ°üÌṩÁ˲»Í¬µÄÍøÂç¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß.
amd -- (Version 920824upl102, 1,067K)
amdÊÇÒ»¸ö×Ô¶¯mountµÄ¹¤¾ß.
apache -- (Version 1.2.5, 1,075K)
ApacheÊÇÒ»¸öWEB·þÎñÆ÷.
autofs -- (Version 3.1.1, 100K)
autofsÊÇÒ»¸ö×Ô¶¯mountµÄ¹¤¾ß.
bind -- (Version 4.9.6, 288K)
ÓòÃû·þÎñÆ÷.
bootp -- (Version 2.4.3, 101K)
bootpÐÒé·þÎñÆ÷.
cleanfeed -- (Version 0.95.5a, 62K)
CleanfeedÊÇÒ»¸öINNµÄ×Ô¶¯¹ýÂËÆ÷.
cmu-snmp -- (Version 3.4, 273K)
ËüÔ´×ÔCarnegie Mellon University Simple Network Management Protocol.
ÓÃÓÚ¹ÜÀíÍøÂçºÍÕÊ»§.
dhcp -- (Version 2.0b1pl0, 814K)
dhcp·þÎñÆ÷.
dhcpd -- (Version 5.16, 590K)
dhcp·þÎñÆ÷.
gated -- (Version 3.5.9, 2,260K)
GateDÊÇ·ÓɹÜÀíÆ÷
imap -- (Version 4.1.BETA, 1,353K)
IMAP ÊÇPOP (Post Office Protocol)ºÍIMAPÓʼþÐÒéµÄ·þÎñÆ÷.
inn -- (Version 1.7.2, 3,199K)
INNÊÇÐÂÎÅ·þÎñÆ÷.
intimed -- (Version 1.10, 94K)
intimedÊÇʱ¼äͬ²½·þÎñÆ÷.
mars-nwe -- (Version 0.99pl2, 491K)
MARSÊÇÒ»¸öNetWare¼æÈݵÄÎļþºÍ´òÓ¡·þÎñÆ÷.
nfs-server -- (Version 2.2beta29, 126K)
NFS·þÎñÆ÷.
portmap -- (Version 4.0, 44K)
portmapper¹ÜÀíRPCÁ¬½Ó.
ppp -- (Version 2.3.3, 272K)
Ö§³ÖPPP.
sendmail -- (Version 8.8.7, 552K)
SendmailÊÇÓʼþ´«Êä´úÀí.
squid-novm -- (Version 1.1.21, 505K)
´úÀí·þÎñÆ÷.
wu-ftpd -- (Version 2.4.2b16, 275K)
FTP·þÎñÆ÷.
ypserv -- (Version 1.3.0, 260K)
NIS·þÎñÆ÷.
C.9.3 ÐÂÎÅ(News)
ÓëÐÂÎÅ×éÏà¹ØµÄ°ü.
inews -- (Version 1.7.2, 47K)
ÓÃÀ´·¢ËÍÐÂÎÅ.
C.9.4 ¹¤¾ß(Utilities)
ÓëÍøÂçÏà¹ØµÄ¹¤¾ß.
bind-utils -- (Version 4.9.6, 311K)
Ò»×鹤¾ß°üÀ¨²éѯ·þÎñÆ÷ºÍѰÕÒÖ÷»ú.
bootpc -- (Version 061, 35K)
bootpcÊÇbootpµÄ¿Í»§»ú.
cmu-snmp-devel -- (Version 3.4, 112K)
ÊÇCMU SNMPµÄ¿ª·¢¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
cmu-snmp-utils -- (Version 3.4, 170K)
ʹÓÃCMU SNMPµÄ¹¤¾ß, °üÀ¨snmpwalk, snmptestµÈ.
comanche -- (Version 0.4, 182K)
Comanche ÊÇÖ¸COnfiguration MANager for apaCHE. ÊÇApacheÅäÖõÄǰ¶Ë, Çë
²Î ¼ûwww.apache.org
dip -- (Version 3.3.7o, 86K)
dipÊǵ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷²¥ºÅÓõĽű¾.
fwhois -- (Version 1.00, 7K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö'whois'³ÌÐò.
ipxutils -- (Version 1.0, 44K)
°üº¬ÅäÖú͵÷ÊÔIPXÐÒéµÄ¹¤¾ß.
mgetty -- (Version 1.1.14, 1,158K)
Õâ¸ö°üÓÐÒ»¸öÖÇÄܵÄgetty, ÔÊÐíÄú´Ó´®¿ÚµÇ¼(Èçµ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷).
mgetty-sendfax -- (Version 1.1.14, 251K)
Ö§³Ö2ÀàFAX modemÊÕ·¢´«Õæ.
mgetty-voice -- (Version 1.1.14, 623K)
Ö§³ÖһЩµ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷´«ÊäÉùÒô.
ncpfs -- (Version 2.0.11, 378K)
ÅäÖúÍʹÓÃncpfsÎļþϵͳ, ÓÃÀ´·ÃÎÊNetware·þÎñÆ÷.
rdate -- (Version 0.960923, 5K)
rdate´Óʱ¼ä·þÎñÆ÷½ÓÊÕʱ¼ä.
rdist -- (Version 1.0, 118K)
RdistÔÚ¶ą̀Ö÷»úÉÏά»¤ÎļþµÄµ¥Ò»¿½±´.
traceroute -- (Version 1.4a5, 30K)
Traceroute¸ú×Ù·ÓÉ.
yp-tools -- (Version 1.4.1, 92K)
NIS¿Í»§»ú.
biff -- (Version 0.10, 16K)
¹ýʱµÄÓʼþÌáÐѹ¤¾ß.
bootparamd -- (Version 0.10, 17K)
SunOSµÄÆô¶¯¿Í»§»úºÍ·þÎñÆ÷.
finger -- (Version 0.10, 31K)
Finger²éѯÆäËû»úÆ÷ÉϵÄÓû§.
ftp -- (Version 0.10, 84K)
FTP¿Í»§»ú.
netkit-base -- (Version 0.10, 53K)
°üÀ¨PINGºÍINETD³ÌÐò.
ntalk -- (Version 0.10, 31K)
ÍøÂ罻̸¹¤¾ß.
pidentd -- (Version 2.7, 116K)
identdʵÏÖRFC1413ÈÏÖ¤·þÎñÆ÷.
routed -- (Version 0.10, 37K)
×Ô¶¯ÐÞ¸ÄTCP/IP·¾¶.
rsh -- (Version 0.10, 95K)
Rsh, rlogin, ºÍrcpÔÊÐíÓû§Ö´ÐÐÔ¶³ÌÃüÁî, µÇ¼Զ³Ì»úÆ÷, ¿½±´Ô¶³ÌÎļþ.
rusers -- (Version 0.10, 35K)
·¢ÏÖÄÄЩÓû§´ÓÔ¶³Ì»úµÇ¼±¾µØ»ú.
rwall -- (Version 0.10, 17K)
·¢ËÍÏûÏ¢µ½Ô¶³Ì»ú.
rwho -- (Version 0.10, 23K)
ÏÔʾ´Ó±¾µØ»úµÇ¼Զ³Ì»úµÄ±¾µØÓû§.
samba -- (Version 1.9.18p4, 2,356K)
SambaÊÇSMB·þÎñÆ÷.
telnet -- (Version 0.10, 176K)
Telnet.
tftp -- (Version 0.10, 33K)
ÓÃÓÚÔ¶³ÌÆô¶¯¹¤×÷Õ¾.
timed -- (Version 0.10, 60K)
ʱ¼ä·þÎñÆ÷.
ypbind -- (Version 3.3, 37K)
NIS¿Í»§»ú.
ytalk -- (Version 3.0.3, 72K)
ytalkÊDZê×¼'talk'µÄÀ©Õ¹.
C.10 Íâ¿Ç(Shells)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ°üΪÄúµÄRed Hat LinuxϵͳÌṩÁËÐí¶à²»Í¬µÄÍâ¿Ç.
ash -- (Version 0.2, 245K)
ash ÊÇÒ»¸öÀ´×ÔBerkeleyµÄbourne shellµÄ¿Ë¡. ËüÖ§³ÖËùÓбê×¼µÄBourne
shell ÃüÁî, ²¢±Èbash¸üС.
bash -- (Version 1.14.7, 476K)
BashÊÇÒ»¸ösh¼æÈݵÄÃüÁîÓïÑÔ½âÊÍÆ÷, ¿ÉÒÔ´Ó±ê×¼ÊäÈëºÍÎļþÖ´ÐÐÃüÁî. Bash»¹ ºÏ
²¢ÁËKornºÍCÍâ¿Ç(kshºÍcsh)µÄÓÐÓõÄÌØÐÔ.
Bash·ûºÏIEEE Posix Shell and Tools specification (IEEE Working Group
1003.2).
mc -- (Version 4.1.8, 680K)
Midnight CommanderÊǸöÏóÎļþ¹ÜÀíÆ÷µÄ¿ÉÊÓÍâ¿Ç.
pdksh -- (Version 5.2.12, 391K)
pdkshÊÇkshµÄÔÙÉú°æ±¾.
tcsh -- (Version 6.07, 476K)
tcshÊÇcshµÄÔöÇ¿°æ.
zsh -- (Version 3.0.5, 957K)
zshÊÇbourne shellµÄÔöÇ¿°æ, ÓÐÒÔÏÂÌØÐÔ:
- ºÍksh/shÓï·¨Ïà½ü
- ´ó¶àÊýksh, bash, ºÍ tcshµÄÌØÐÔ
- 75¸öÄÚÖù¦ÄÜ, 89¸öÑ¡Ïî, 154¸ö¼üÅÌ×éºÏ
- ¼òµ¥µÄÑ»·¹¦ÄÜ, Èç: for i (*.c) echo $i
- Ñ¡Ôñ
- Íâ¿Çº¯Êý
...»¹ÓÐÐí¶à
C.11 ¹¤¾ß(Utilities)
±¾½ÚÁгöÁËRed Hat LinuxϵͳµÄÐí¶à¹¤¾ßÈí¼þ°ü.
C.11.1 ´æµµ(Archiving)
±¾½ÚÁгöÊý¾Ý´æµµµÄ¹¤¾ß.
bzip2 -- (Version 0.1pl2, 78K)
Bzip2ʹÓÃBurrows-WheelerËã·¨ºÍHuffman´úÂëѹËõÎļþ. Õâ¸öËã·¨±»ÈÏΪ±È´«
ͳ µÄLZ77/LZ78¸üºÃ, ²¢½Ó½üÓÚPPM.
ËüµÄÃüÁîÐвÎÊýºÍGNU GzipÏàËÆ, µ«²»ÍêȫһÑù.
cpio -- (Version 2.4.2, 60K)
cpio¿ÉÒÔ°ÑÎļþ¿½±´½ø»ò¿½±´³öÒ»¸öcpioºÍtar´æµµÎļþ. Õâ¸öÎļþ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ´ÅÅÌÉÏ,
´Å´øÉÏ,»ò¹ÜµÀÖÐ. cpioÓÐÈýÖÖ²Ù×÷ģʽ.
dhcpcd -- (Version 0.65, 31K)
dhcpcdÊÇʵÏÖdraft-ietf-dhc-dhcp-09ºÍRFC1541µÄDHCP¿Í»§»ú.
gzip -- (Version 1.2.4, 227K)
ÊÇÁ÷ÐеÄÎļþѹËõºÍ½âѹËõ³ÌÐò.
lha -- (Version 1.00, 51K)
Õâ¸ö¹¤¾ß¶àÊýÓÃÔÚDOSÖÐ, µ«¿ÉÒÔÔÚLinuxϽ⿪DOSϵÄLHAÎļþ.
ncompress -- (Version 4.2.4, 30K)
ncompressÊÇÒ»¸ö¿ìËÙѹËõ³ÌÐò, ¼æÈÝÓÚ.ZÎļþ, µ«²»¼æÈÝ.gzÎļþ.
tar -- (Version 1.12, 213K)
GNU 'tar' ¿ÉÒÔ½«Ðí¶àÎļþ´æÔÚÒ»¸ö´Å´ø»ò´ÅÅÌÉÏ, È»ºóµ¥¸öµØÈ¡³ö. ËüÓÐÐí¶àºÃ µÄ
ÌØÐÔ.
unarj -- (Version 2.41a, 25K)
unarj³ÌÐòÓÃÀ´½âѹDOSÏÂÁ÷ÐеÄ.arjÎļþ.
unzip -- (Version 5.31, 336K)
unzip ½âѹZIPÎļþ.
zip -- (Version 2.1, 218K)
zipÊÇÔÚUnix, VMS, MSDOS, OS/2, Windows NT, Minix, AtariºÍMacintosh
Öж¼ Óõ½µÄѹËõ³ÌÐò.
C.11.2 ¿ØÖÆÌ¨(Console)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ¹ÜÀíÄúµÄRed Hat Linuxϵͳ¿ØÖÆÌ¨.
SVGATextMode -- (Version 1.8, 845K)
SVGATextMode¿ÉÒÔ¿ØÖÆLinux¿ØÖÆÌ¨µÄϸ½Ú.
open -- (Version 1.4, 12K)
ÔÚÒ»¸ö¸ø¶¨µÄ¿ØÖÆÌ¨ÔËÐгÌÐò.
vlock -- (Version 1.1, 9K)
vlock¿ÉÒÔËø¶¨µ±Ç°µÄÖÕ¶Ë»òÈ«²¿µÄÐéÄâ¿ØÖÆÌ¨.
C.11.3 Îļþ(File)
±¾½ÚÁгöÎļþÏà¹ØµÄ¹¤¾ß°ü.
file -- (Version 3.24, 185K)
ÓÃÀ´·¢ÏÖÎļþµÄÀàÐÍ.
fileutils -- (Version 3.16, 870K)
GNUÎļþ¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß, °üÀ¨copy, move, listµÈ.
findutils -- (Version 4.1, 157K)
ÓÃÀ´²éÕÒÎļþ.
git -- (Version 4.3.17, 698K)
GITÊÇÎļþϵͳä¯ÀÀÆ÷.
macutils -- (Version 2.0b3, 201K)
¹ÜÀíÀ´×ÔMacintoshµÄÎļþ.
mtools -- (Version 3.8, 414K)
Mtools·ÃÎÊMS-DOS´ÅÅÌ.
sharutils -- (Version 4.2, 218K)
shar¹¤¾ßÓÃÀ´encodeÎļþ.
smbfs -- (Version 2.0.1, 50K)
Á¬½ÓSMB·þÎñÆ÷µÄÎļþϵͳ.
stat -- (Version 1.5, 6K)
statÊä³öÎļþϵͳµÄÐÅÏ¢.
symlinks -- (Version 1.2, 96K)
¼ì²éϵͳÖÐsymlinkµÄÎÊÌâ.
tree -- (Version 1.2, 18K)
·Ç³£ÓÐÓõÄDOS¹¤¾ß'tree'µÄUNIX°æ±¾.
which -- (Version 1.0, 7K)
¸ø³öÒ»¸ö³ÌÐòÃû, Ëü¸æËßÄúÊÇ·ñÔÚÄúµÄ·¾¶ÖÐ.
C.11.4 ´òÓ¡(Printing)
±¾½ÚÁгö´òÓ¡Ïà¹ØµÄ¹¤¾ß.
mpage -- (Version 2.4, 84K)
mpage½«¶àÒ³µÄÎı¾Îļþ±ä³ÉÒ»Ò³µÄPostScript.
C.11.5 ϵͳ(System)
±¾½ÚÁгöµÄ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔÖ´Ðв»Í¬µÄϵͳ¹¦ÄÜ.
MAKEDEV -- (Version 2.3.1, 24K)
°üº¬Ò»¸ö½Å±¾¿ÉÒÔÈÝÒ׵Ĵ´½¨ºÍά»¤/devÖеÄÎļþ.
adjtimex -- (Version 1.3, 22K)
adjtimexÊÇÒ»¸öÄÚºËʱÖÓ¹ÜÀíϵͳ.
apmd -- (Version 2.4, 63K)
ÊÇÒ»¸öµçÔ´¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß.
cabaret -- (Version 0.5, 59K)
ËüÈÃÄúÔö¼Ó, ɾ³ýºÍÐÞ¸ÄÔØÈëµã, ²¢ÓÃËüµÄͼÐνçÃæ×°ÔØºÍÐ¶ÔØ·ÖÇø.
caching-nameserver -- (Version 8.1, 2K)
²¦ºÅ½ÓÈëµÄÓû§Ê¹ÓÃÕâ¸ö°ü½¨Á¢×Ô¼ºµÄÓòÃû·þÎñÆ÷ÒÔ¼Ó¿ìÁ¬½Ó.
chkconfig -- (Version 0.9.2, 47K)
ά»¤/etc/rc.dĿ¼µÄÃüÁîÐй¤¾ß.
control-panel -- (Version 3.5, 177K)
»ùÓÚXµÄ¿ØÖÆÃæ°å.
cracklib-dicts -- (Version 2.7, 227K)
Ò»¸ö×ֵ估´´½¨×ÖµäµÄ¹¤¾ß.
dump -- (Version 0.3, 123K)
dumpºÍrestore¿ÉÒÔÓöàÖÖ·½·¨±¸·Ýext2·ÖÇø.
e2fsprogs -- (Version 1.10, 797K)
°üº¬Ðí¶à¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨, ¼ì²éºÍÐÞ¸´ext2Îļþϵͳ.
eject -- (Version 1.5, 34K)
ÈÃÈçCD-ROM,ZIPÇý¶¯Æ÷µÈµÄÉ豸×Ô¶¯´ò¿ª.
ext2ed -- (Version 0.1, 283K)
µ÷ÊÔÄúµÄext2Îļþϵͳ. Èç¹ûÄúûÓоÑé, Çë²»ÒªÓÃËü.
fstool -- (Version 2.6, 72K)
Ò»¸ö»ùÓÚXµÄ³ÌÐòÈÃÄúÔö¼Ó, ɾ³ýºÍÐÞ¸ÄÔØÈëµã, ²¢ÓÃËüµÄͼÐνçÃæ×°ÔØºÍÐ¶ÔØ·Ö Çø.
getty_ps -- (Version 2.0.7j, 122K)
gettyºÍuugettyÓÃÀ´½ÓÊÜÓû§µÄµÇ¼.
glint -- (Version 2.4.2, 429K)
GlintÊÇͼÐνçÃæµÄ°ü¹ÜÀí³ÌÐò.
hdparm -- (Version 3.3, 36K)
Õâ¸ö¹¤¾ßÓÃÀ´ÉèÖÃÓ²Å̲ÎÊý.
helptool -- (Version 2.4, 23K)
Ìṩһ¸öͼÐνçÃæÀ´²éѯ°ïÖúÐÅÏ¢.
info -- (Version 3.12, 132K)
²é¿´texinfoÎļþ¸ñʽµÄÎĵµ.
ipfwadm -- (Version 2.3.0, 85K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öIP·À»ðǽºÍÕÊ»§¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß.
isapnptools -- (Version 1.11, 99K)
¹ÜÀíISA¼´²å¼´ÓÃÉ豸.
kbd -- (Version 0.95, 1,298K)
×°ÔØ×ÖÌåºÍ¼üÅ̶ÔÕÕ±í.
kbdconfig -- (Version 1.6, 15K)
ÉèÖüüÅ̶ÔÕÕ±í.
kernelcfg -- (Version 0.4, 57K)
Red Hat Linux kernelcfgÌṩÁËͼÐνçÃæµÄkerneldÅäÖÃ.
ldconfig -- (Version 1.9.5, 105K)
ldconfigɨÃèϵͳ²¢Îª¹²Ïí¿âÉèÖÃÊʵ±µÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó.
lilo -- (Version 0.20, 1,437K)
Lilo×°ÔØLinux.
linuxconf -- (Version 1.11r7, 6,354K)
LinuxconfÅäÖÃLinuxϵͳ.
logrotate -- (Version 2.5, 33K)
Logrotate¹ÜÀíÐèÒª²úÉú´óÁ¿ÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄϵͳ.
losetup -- (Version 2.7l, 7K)
¹ÜÀíÎļþºÍloopbackÉ豸֮¼äµÄ¶ÔÕÕ.
lpr -- (Version 0.31, 169K)
¹ÜÀí´òÓ¡É豸.
man -- (Version 1.5a, 87K)
²é¿´man page.
mingetty -- (Version 0.9.4, 32K)
СÐ͵Ägetty.
mkbootdisk -- (Version 1.0, 4K)
´´½¨Æô¶¯ÈíÅÌ.
mkdosfs-ygg -- (Version 0.3b, 15K)
´´½¨MS-DOS FATÎļþϵͳ.
mkinitrd -- (Version 1.8, 6K)
´´½¨ramdisk image.
mkisofs -- (Version 1.11.2, 121K)
´´½¨ÓÃÓÚCD-ROMµÄISO 9660Îļþϵͳ.
mktemp -- (Version 1.4, 7K)
mktempµ÷Óà mktemp()º¯Êý.
modemtool -- (Version 1.21, 15K)
Ò»×éÅäÖõ÷ÖÆ½âµ÷Æ÷µÄ¹¤¾ß.
modutils -- (Version 2.1.85, 573K)
Ä£¿é¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß.
mount -- (Version 2.7l, 104K)
MountÓÃÀ´Ôö¼ÓеÄÎļþϵͳ.
mouseconfig -- (Version 2.52, 37K)
ÅäÖÃÊó±êµÄ¹¤¾ß.
mt-st -- (Version 0.4, 22K)
¶Ô´Å´ø»ú½øÐвÙ×÷.
netcfg -- (Version 2.19, 165K)
ÅäÖÃÍøÂç.
popt -- (Version 1.1.1, 10K)
PoptÊÇÒ»¸ö½âÊÍÃüÁîÐвÎÊýµÄC¿â.
printtool -- (Version 3.28, 105K)
printtoolΪÅäÖôòÓ¡É豸ÌṩÁËͼÐνçÃæ.
procinfo -- (Version 13, 41K)
´Ó/procµÃµ½ÓÐÓõÄÐÅÏ¢.
procps -- (Version 1.2.7, 212K)
±¨¸æÏµÍ³×´Ì¬.
psacct -- (Version 6.3, 80K)
¹ÜÀí½ø³Ì.
psmisc -- (Version 17, 41K)
ÏÔʾ½ø³ÌÊ÷.
quota -- (Version 1.55, 80K)
ÏÞÖÆÓû§¶ÔÓ²Å̵ÄʹÓÃÁ¿.
rhbackup -- (Version 0.2, 29K)
rhbackupÊÇÒ»¸ö±¸·Ý¹¤¾ß.
rhmask -- (Version 1.0, 9K)
ÓÃÓÚ·Ö·¢Èí¼þµÄа汾.
rhs-hwdiag -- (Version 0.20, 70K)
±¨¸æÏµÍ³µÄÉ豸.
rhs-printfilters -- (Version 1.44, 88K)
´òÓ¡¹ýÂËϵͳ.
rhsound -- (Version 1.5, 9K)
rhsound´´½¨µÄα"service"¿ÉÒÔÈÃÉùÒôÄ£¿é×°ÔØ.
rmt -- (Version 0.3, 12K)
rmtÌṩ¶ÔÔ¶³Ì´Å´øÉ豸µÄ·ÃÎÊ.
rpm -- (Version 2.4.12, 728K)
RPM°ü¹ÜÀíÆ÷.
setconsole -- (Version 1.0, 4K)
ÉèÖÃ/etc/inittab, /dev/systty, ºÍ /dev/console.
setserial -- (Version 2.12, 31K)
ÅäÖô®¿Ú.
setuptool -- (Version 1.0, 9K)
µ÷ÓÃRed Hat LinuxÖÐËùÓÐ×Ö·û½çÃæµÄÅäÖóÌÐò.
sh-utils -- (Version 1.16, 340K)
ÌṩÁËÐí¶à»ù±¾µÄshellÃüÁî.
shadow-utils -- (Version 980403, 585K)
¿ÚÁîÒþ±Î³ÌÐò.
sliplogin -- (Version 2.1.1, 52K)
ÓÃÓÚSLIPÁ¬½Ó.
sndconfig -- (Version 0.20, 69K)
ÉùÒôÅäÖù¤¾ß.
statserial -- (Version 1.1, 166K)
ÏÔʾ´®¿Ú״̬.
swatch -- (Version 2.2, 129K)
Swatch¼àÊÓÈÕÖ¾Îļþ.
taper -- (Version 6.8.4, 846K)
´Å´ø»ú±¸·Ý³ÌÐò.
time -- (Version 1.7, 17K)
¿ØÖÆÃüÁîµÄÖ´ÐÐʱ¼ä.
timeconfig -- (Version 2.1.3, 25K)
ÉèÖÃÊ±ÇøºÍʱ¼ä.
timetool -- (Version 2.3, 22K)
ͼÐνçÃæÉèÖÃÊ±ÇøºÍʱ¼ä.
tksysv -- (Version 1.0, 35K)
¹ÜÀíÔËÐм¶±ðµÄͼÐγÌÐò.
tmpwatch -- (Version 1.5, 8K)
Çå½àĿ¼.
tunelp -- (Version 1.3, 9K)
'tunelp'¹ÜÀíÄں˲¢ÐгÌÐò.
usercfg -- (Version 3.5, 94K)
Óû§ºÍ×éÅäÖóÌÐò.
usernet -- (Version 1.0.7, 26K)
¼¤»î»ò¹Ø±ÕÍøÂçÉ豸.
util-linux -- (Version 2.7, 824K)
°üÀ¨Ðí¶àµÍ¶ËµÄϵͳ¹¤¾ß.
C.11.6 ÖÕ¶Ë(Terminal)
±¾½ÚÁгöÖÕ¶Ë¿ØÖƵŤ¾ß.
dialog -- (Version 0.6, 88K)
ÔÚÒ»¸öTTYÖд´½¨Óû§½çÃæ.
screen -- (Version 3.7.4, 348K)
ÔÊÐíÔÚÒ»¸öÖÕ¶ËÓжà¸öµÇ¼.
C.11.7 Îı¾(Text)
±¾½ÚÌṩµÄ¹¤¾ß¿ÉÒÔ²Ù×ÝÎı¾Îļþ.
diffstat -- (Version 1.25, 13K)
'diffstat'ͳ¼Ædiff´´½¨µÄÎļþ.
diffutils -- (Version 2.7, 149K)
±È½ÏÎļþ.
faces -- (Version 1.6.1, 139K)
°ÑÕÕÆ¬±ä³É'face'.
faces-xface -- (Version 1.6.1, 20K)
¿ØÖÆ X-FaceÓʼþÍ·.
gawk -- (Version 3.0.3, 2,068K)
Gawk¿ÉÒÔ´¦ÀíÎı¾Îļþ.
gecko -- (Version 1.0, 51K)
linuxconfµÄĬÈϽçÃæ.
grep -- (Version 2.2, 258K)
ÔÚÎı¾ÎļþÖж¨Î»×Ö·û´®.
ispell -- (Version 3.1.20, 2,480K)
ƴд¼ì²é.
less -- (Version 332, 138K)
Ïó'more'Ò»ÑùµÄÎı¾¹Û²ìÆ÷.
m4 -- (Version 1.4, 118K)
GNUºê´¦ÀíÓïÑÔ.
mawk -- (Version 1.2.2, 126K)
MawkÊÇawkµÄÒ»¸ö°æ±¾.
nenscript -- (Version 1.13++, 24K)
´òÓ¡¹ýÂËÆ÷.
patch -- (Version 2.5, 95K)
¸ø³ÌÐò´ò²¹¶¡.
perl -- (Version 5.004, 11,366K)
Ò»ÖÖ½âÊÍÓïÑÔ.
perl-MD5 -- (Version 1.7, 29K)
RSAµÄMD5Ëã·¨.
sed -- (Version 2.05, 31K)
SedÓýű¾±à¼Îļþ.
textutils -- (Version 1.22, 683K)
GNUÎı¾Îļþ´¦ÀíÆ÷.
words -- (Version 2, 414K)
Ó¢Óï×Öµä.
rgrep -- (Version 0.98.4, 17K)
¼ÆËã±í´ïʽ.
C.12 X11
±¾½ÚÁгöXÏà¹ØµÄÈí¼þ°ü.
C.12.1 ÓéÀÖ(Amusements)
XÏÂÔËÐеÄÓéÀÖ³ÌÐò.
multimedia -- (Version 2.1, 325K)
°üÀ¨XPlaycd, XMixerºÍXGetfile.
xbanner -- (Version 1.31, 648K)
ÔÚ¸ù´°¿ÚÏÔʾÎÄ×ÖºÍͼÐÎ.
xearth -- (Version 1.0, 188K)
ÏÔʾµØÇòÒÇ.
xfishtank -- (Version 2.0, 386K)
ÓãÔÚÓÎÓ¾µÄ¶¯»±³¾°.
xsnow -- (Version 1.40, 28K)
ÏÂÑ©µÄ¶¯»±³¾°.
C.12.2 Ó¦ÓÃ(Applications)
±¾½ÚÁгöXϵIJ»Í¬Ó¦ÓÃ.
ImageMagick -- (Version 4.0.5, 2,384K)
ImageMagickÊÇÒ»¸öͼÐÎÏÔʾ, ²Ù×÷ºÍת»»µÄ¹¤¾ß.
arena -- (Version 0.98.beta3, 2,117K)
ArenaÊÇÒ»¸ö¼òµ¥µÄWEBä¯ÀÀÆ÷.
gimp -- (Version 0.99.12, 21,628K)
GIMPÊÇÒ»¸öͼÐβÙ×÷³ÌÐò.
gimp-devel -- (Version 0.99.12, 373K)
дGIMP²å¼þÐèÒªµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
gimp-libgimp -- (Version 0.99.12, 251K)
GIMPºÍÆäËû³ÌÐòͨѶÓõĿâ.
gv -- (Version 3.5.8, 411K)
¿ÉÒԲ鿴PostScriptºÍPDFÎĵµ.
mxp -- (Version 1.0, 53K)
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö·Ç³£¿ìËÙµÄMandelbrot¼¯Éú³ÉÆ÷. (¹þ¹þ, ÒëÕߵıÏÒµÉè¼Æ¾ÍÊÇÔÚHP-UXµÄ
X11ÏÂ×öͬÑùµÄ¹¤×÷,²»¹ýËٶȺÜÂý.)
netscape-communicator -- (Version 4.04, 14,049K)
Òµ½çÁìÏȵÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷.
netscape-navigator -- (Version 4.04, 11,152K)
Òµ½çÁìÏȵÄä¯ÀÀÆ÷.
seyon -- (Version 2.14c, 215K)
SeyonÊÇÒ»¸öÈ«ÐÔÄܵÄͨѶÈí¼þ.
transfig -- (Version 3.2, 248K)
ÓÃÀ´´´½¨TeXÎĵµ.
usermode -- (Version 1.4.1, 537K)
Ò»×éͼÐι¤¾ß.
x3270 -- (Version 3.1.1.6, 553K)
Ä£ÄâIBM 3270ÖÕ¶Ë.
xanim -- (Version 27064, 502K)
¿ÉÒԲ鿴²»Í¬¸ñʽµÄ¶¯».
xfm -- (Version 1.3.2, 680K)
xfmÊÇXϵÄÎļþ¹ÜÀíÆ÷.
xgopher -- (Version 1.3.3, 277K)
XϵÄGopher¿Í»§»ú.
xloadimage -- (Version 4.1, 237K)
Ò»¸öͼÐÎÏÔʾ³ÌÐò.
xmorph -- (Version 1996.07.12, 124K)
xmorph½¨Á¢Ò»¸öͼÐε½ÁíÒ»¸öͼÐε͝»±äÐÎ.
xpaint -- (Version 2.4.9, 409K)
XPaintÊÇÒ»¸ö²ÊÉ«µÄͼÐα༹¤¾ß.
xrn -- (Version 8.02, 190K)
Ò»¸öÐÂÎÅ×éÔĶÁÆ÷.
xterm-color -- (Version 1.1, 191K)
xterm-colorÊÇÒ»¸ö±ê×¼µÄxterm/VT100ÖÕ¶ËÄ£ÄâÆ÷.
xwpe-X11 -- (Version 1.4.2, 682K)
°üÀ¨xwpeºÍxwe.
C.12.3 ÓÎÏ·(Games)
±¾½ÚÁгöXϵÄÓÎÏ·.
acm -- (Version 4.7, 3,438K)
·ÉÐÐÄ£ÄâÓÎÏ·.
cxhextris -- (Version 1.0, 38K)
ÀàËÆ¶íÂÞ˹·½¿éµÄÓÎÏ·.
flying -- (Version 6.20, 212K)
XϵÄÒ»×éÓÎÏ·.
paradise -- (Version 2.3p19, 413K)
ÍøÉÏÕ½¶·ÓÎÏ·.
spider -- (Version 1.0, 51K)
·Ç³£ÓÐÌôÕ½ÐÔµÄֽůÓÎÏ·.
xbill -- (Version 2.0, 184K)
´òµ¹±È¶û.
xbl -- (Version 1.0h, 176K)
ÈýάÓÎÏ·.
xboard -- (Version 3.2.pl0, 316K)
¹ú¼ÊÏóÆå.
xboing -- (Version 2.4, 1,021K)
Ò»¸ö´«Í³ÓÎÏ·, ÈÃÇòÂäÔÚ×óÓÒÒÆ¶¯µÄ°åÉÏ.
xchomp -- (Version 1.0, 36K)
ÀàËÆPCMANµÄÓÎÏ·.
xdemineur -- (Version 1.1, 26K)
ÍÚµØÀ×.
xevil -- (Version 1.5, 527K)
Ò»¸ö¶¯×÷̽ÏÕÓÎÏ·.
xgalaga -- (Version 1.6c, 366K)
'Galaga'ÓÎÏ·µÄÒ»¸ö¿Ë¡.
xgammon -- (Version 0.98, 3,277K)
Ò»¸öֽůÓÎÏ·.
xjewel -- (Version 1.6, 49K)
ÀàËÆTetrisµÄÓÎÏ·.
xlander -- (Version 1.2, 23K)
·Ç³£ÄѵÄÓÎÏ·.
xpat2 -- (Version 1.04, 459K)
Ò»×éֽůÓÎÏ·.
xpilot -- (Version 3.6.2, 1,576K)
¿ÉÒÔ¶àÈËÍæµÄ¶¯×÷ÓÎÏ·.
xpuzzles -- (Version 5.4.1, 498K)
Ò»×é²ÂÃÕÓÎÏ·.
xtrojka -- (Version 1.2.3, 181K)
ÀàËÆtetris.
xzip -- (Version 161, 91K)
Ò»×é̽ÏÕÓÎÏ·.
C.12.4 ¿â(Libraries)
±¾½ÚÁгöXÏà¹ØµÄ¿â.
ImageMagick-devel -- (Version 4.0.5, 1,366K)
ImageMagick¿ª·¢°ü.
Xaw3d -- (Version 1.3, 278K)
Xaw3dÊÇMIT Athena Widget setµÄÔöÇ¿°æ.
Xaw3d-devel -- (Version 1.3, 644K)
Xaw3dµÄÍ·ÎļþºÍ¿â.
gtk+ -- (Version 1.0.0, 1,059K)
GIMPµÄX¿â.
gtk+-devel -- (Version 1.0.0, 1,571K)
GIMPµÄX¿âµÄÍ·Îļþ.
imlib -- (Version 1.4, 607K)
ImlibÊÇlibXpmµÄÔöÇ¿°æ.
imlib-devel -- (Version 1.4, 424K)
ImlibµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
nls -- (Version 1.0, 4K)
ÓÃÓھɵÄX11R5µÄ¿â.
xpm -- (Version 3.4j, 56K)
ʹ³ÌÐòÄÜÏÔʾ²ÊÉ«, ͼÐÎ.
C.12.5 Íâ¿Ç(Shells)
±¾½ÚÁгöͼÐÎÍâ¿Ç.
mcserv -- (Version 4.1.8, 19K)
Midnight CommanderÍøÂçÎļþµÄ·þÎñÆ÷.
tkmc -- (Version 4.1.8, 472K)
Midnight CommanderÊÇÒ»¸öÏóÎļþ¹ÜÀíÆ÷µÄͼÐÎÍâ¿Ç.
C.12.6 ¹¤¾ß(Utilities)
±¾½ÚÁгöXÏà¹ØµÄ¹¤¾ß.
Xconfigurator -- (Version 3.52, 98K)
ÅäÖÃXµÄ¹¤¾ß.
gnome-linuxconf -- (Version 0.13, 34K)
linuxconfϵͳµÄGNOMEǰ¶Ë.
mkxauth -- (Version 1.7, 15K)
´´½¨ºÍά»¤X¼ø¶¨Êý¾Ý¿â.
moonclock -- (Version 1.0, 25K)
ÏÔʾʱ¼äºÍÔÂÁÁÖÜÆÚ.
procps-X11 -- (Version 1.2.7, 21K)
Ò»×鱨¸æÏµÍ³×´Ì¬µÄ¹¤¾ß.
rxvt -- (Version 2.20, 246K)
RxvtÊÇÒ»¸öVT100ÖÕ¶ËÄ£ÄâÆ÷.
xdaliclock -- (Version 2.10, 73K)
ÏÔʾʱÖÓ.
xlockmore -- (Version 4.09, 1,323K)
±ê×¼xlock³ÌÐòµÄÔöÇ¿°æ.
xmailbox -- (Version 2.5, 30K)
µ±ÐÂÓʼþÊÕµ½Ê±»áÌáÐÑÄú.
xosview -- (Version 1.5.1, 94K)
ÓÃͼÐÎÏÔʾϵͳ״̬.
xscreensaver -- (Version 2.16, 11,180K)
ÆÁÄ»±£»¤³ÌÐò.
xsysinfo -- (Version 1.6, 21K)
¼àÊÓϵͳµÄÖ´ÐÐÇé¿ö.
xtoolwait -- (Version 1.1, 9K)
Æô¶¯³ÌÐò²¢µÈ´ý.
xwpick -- (Version 2.20, 44K)
ÆÁÄ»²¶×½.
C.12.7 ´°¿Ú¹ÜÀí(Window Managers)
±¾½ÚÁгö´°¿Ú¹ÜÀí³ÌÐò.
AfterStep -- (Version 1.4.5.3, 2,425K)
AfterStepÊÇBowMan´°¿Ú¹ÜÀíÆ÷µÄºó¼ÌÕß.
AnotherLevel -- (Version 0.6.1, 309K)
AnotherLevelÊÇTheNextLevelµÄа汾.
fvwm -- (Version 1.24r, 550K)
fvwmÊÇС,¿ì,ÁéµÄ´°¿Ú¹ÜÀíϵͳ.
fvwm2 -- (Version 2.0.46, 1,483K)
fvwmµÄÒ»¸ö°æ±¾.
fvwm2-icons -- (Version 2.0.46, 599K)
fvwmºÍfvwm2Óõ½µÄͼ±ê.
wmconfig -- (Version 0.4.1, 47K)
Ϊ²»Í¬µÄ´°¿Ú¹ÜÀí³ÌÐòÉú³É²Ëµ¥ÅäÖÃ.
C.12.8 XFree86
±¾½ÚÁгöXFree86°üº¬µÄÈí¼þ°ü, XFree86ÊÇÒ»¸öX´°¿ÚϵͳµÄ×ÔÓɰ汾.
X11R6-contrib -- (Version 3.3.2, 447K)
Ò»×éX³ÌÐò, °üÀ¨:listres, xbiff, xedit, xeyes, xcalcm, xload, ºÍxman
µÈ.
XFree86-100dpi-fonts -- (Version 3.3.2, 1,228K)
100dpi×ÖÌå.
XFree86 -- (Version 3.3.2, 16,137K)
X´°¿Úϵͳ.
XFree86-75dpi-fonts -- (Version 3.3.2, 1,060K)
75dpi×ÖÌå.
XFree86-8514 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,400K)
IBM 8514¿¨µÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-AGX -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,568K)
AGX¿¨µÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-I128 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,797K)
#9 Imagine 128°åµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-Mach32 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,532K)
ATI's Mach32оƬµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-Mach64 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,646K)
ATI Mach64¿¨µÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-Mach8 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,411K)
ATI's Mach8оƬµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-Mono -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,656K)
ºÚ°×VGA¿¨µÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-P9000 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,587K)
Weitek P9000оƬµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-S3 -- (Version 3.3.2, 4,029K)
S3оƬµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-S3V -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,780K)
S3 VirgeоƬ×éµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-SVGA -- (Version 3.3.2, 4,553K)
SVGAÉ豸µÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-VGA16 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,581K)
16É«VGAµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-W32 -- (Version 3.3.2, 3,445K)
ET4000/W32оƬµÄX·þÎñÆ÷.
XFree86-devel -- (Version 3.3.2, 7,631K)
¿ª·¢X³ÌÐòÐèÒªµÄ¿â,Í·ÎļþºÍÎĵµ.
XFree86-libs -- (Version 3.3.2, 1,857K)
´ó¶àÊýX³ÌÐòÓõ½µÄ¹²Ïí¿â.
C.12.9 gnome
±¾½ÚÁгöGNOME×ÀÃæ»·¾³Ïà¹ØµÄÈí¼þ°ü.
gnome-libs -- (Version 0.13, 1,078K)
ʹÓÃGNOMEÐèÒªµÄ»ù±¾¿â.
GNOMEÖ¸GNU Network Object Model Environment. ËüÊÇÒ»¸öºÜºÃµÄͼÐνçÃæµÄ
×À Ãæ»·¾³. ʹÄú¸üÈÝÒ×µØÊ¹ÓúÍÅäÖüÆËã»ú.
gnome-libs-devel -- (Version 0.13, 1,157K)
¿ª·¢GNOMEÓ¦ÓÃÐèÒªµÄ¿âºÍÍ·Îļþ.
xinitrc -- (Version 1.4, 3K)
»ù±¾µÄX´°¿ÚÆô¶¯½Å±¾.
xserver-wrapper -- (Version 1.1, 4K)
ÔËÐÐX·þÎñÆ÷ÐèÒªrootȨÏÞ, µ«ÆÕͨÓû§Ò²ÐèÒªËü. ΪÁËÔöǿϵͳ°²È«ÐÔ, Õâ¸ö ³ÌÐò
ÓÃÀ´¸øX·þÎñÆ÷rootȨÏÞ.
¸½Â¼ D ͨÓòÎÊý
±¾¸½Â¼ÌṩÁËijЩÇý¶¯Æ÷¿ÉÄÜ»áÓõ½µÄ²ÎÊý. Çë×¢Òâ, ÔÚ´ó¶àÊýÇé¿öÏÂ, ²»ÐèÒªÕâЩ ²Î
Êý.
Çë×¢Òâ, Èç¹ûÄúʹÓõÄÉ豸ÐèÒªÕâЩ²ÎÊý, ¶ÔÕâ¸öÉ豸µÄÖ§³Ö²¢Ã»ÓбàÒë ½øÄÚºË, ÔÚ
LILOÆô¶¯ÃüÁîÊäÈë²ÎÊýÕâÖÖͨÓõķ½Ê½½«²»Æð×÷ÓÃ. Çý
¶¯³ÌÐò×÷Ϊģ¿éÔØÈë ÐèÒªÔÚÔØÈëÄ£¿éʱָ¶¨²ÎÊý. Red Hat Linux°²×°³ÌÐò»áÔÚÇý¶¯
³ÌÐòÔØÈëʱ¸øÄú»ú»áÖ¸ ¶¨²ÎÊý.
Çë²Î¼ûµÚ2.7½Ú, µÃµ½¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚ°ÑÉ豸֧³Ö±àÒë½øÄÚºË µÄÐÅÏ¢.
Ò»¸ö×î³£ÓõIJÎÊýhdX=cdrom¿ÉÒÔ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÆô¶¯ÌáʾʱÊäÈë, ÒòΪ ËüÌṩ¶ÔIDE/ATAPI
CD-ROMµÄÖ§³Ö, ÕâÊÇÄں˵ÄÒ»²¿·Ö.
D.1 CD-ROM²ÎÊý
D.2 SCSI²ÎÊý
D.3 ÒÔÌ«Íø²ÎÊý
D.1 CD-ROM²ÎÊý
Ó²¼þ
²ÎÊý
Mitsumi CD-ROM
mcd=port,i
rq
Sony CDU 31 or 33 CD-ROM
cdu31a_por
t=base_addr cdu31a_irq=irq
Aztech CD268
aztcd=port
SB Pro or 16 compatible
sbpcd=io_a
ddr,sb_pro_setting
ATAPI/IDE CD-ROM Drives
hdx=cdrom
ÒÔÏÂÊÇһЩÀý×Ó:
ÅäÖÃ
Àý×Ó
non-IDE Mitsumi CD-ROM on port 340, IRQ 11
mcd=0x340,11
Sony CDU 31 or 33 at port 340, no IRQ
cdu31a_port=0x340 cdu31a_irq=0
Aztech CD-ROM at port 220
aztcd=0x220
ATAPI CD-ROM, jumpered as master on 2nd
interface
hdc=cdrom
Panasonic-type CD-ROM on a SoundBlaster at port
230
ÔÆäËûµÄ window manager ¸ÐÐËȤ, Äã¿ÉÒÔµ½Õâ¸öÖ÷Ò³²Î¹Û:
/urlhttp://www.plig.org/xwinman/
E.8.6 ÎÒ·¢ÏÖÒ»¸ö´íÎó 'errno=111', ÕâÊÇʲôÒâ˼?ÎÒ¸Ã×öʲô?
µ± XFree86 Xserver ±ÀÀ£, ËÀ»ú, Í£Ö¹»òÆäËûÄѽâµÄÎÊÌâʱ, Ä㽫¿´µ½
'_X11TransSocketUNIXConnect: Can't connect: errno = 111'»ò
ÆäËû ÀàËÆµÄÐÅÏ¢.
ÕâÌõÐÅÏ¢ÊÇÓÉ X-¿Í»§·½(ÈκÎÔËÐÐÔÚ XFree86 Xserver ϵijÌÐò, ÀýÈç window
manager)·¢³öµÄ, ֪ͨÄãËü³¢ÊÔÁ¬½Ó Xserver, µ«ÊÇÓÉÓÚij
ЩÔÒòʧ°ÜÁË.
ΪÁ˽øÒ»²½Õï¶Ï´ËÎÊÌâ, ÄãÐèÒª²é¿´·þÎñÆ÷µÄÊä³ö. Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ, Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ÕæÕýµÄ ´íÎó
ÐÅÏ¢(Ϊʲô·þÎñÆ÷Í£Ö¹¹¤×÷), ¾ÍÔÚ ´íÎó 111 ÐÅÏ¢
µÄÇ°Ãæ¼¸ÐÐÐÅÏ¢. Èç¹ûÄãÈÔÈ»²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨´íÎóÔÒò, ¼ÇסÔÚ·¢ËÍÎÊÌⱨ¸æ(·¢Íù¼¼ÊõÖ§³Ö»ò
ÌÖÂÛ×éʱ), Ò»¶¨ ÒªÒýÓÃÈ«²¿µÄ·þÎñÆ÷Êä³öÐÅÏ¢.
±ðÏñÐí¶àÈËËù×öµÄÒ»Ñù, Ö»ÊÇÌá½»´íÎó 111 ÎÊÌâ, ÕâÑùÊDz»¿ÉÄܽâ¾öÄãµÄÎÊÌâµÄ. ±ØÐë
Ìύȫ²¿µÄ·þÎñÆ÷Êä³öÐÅÏ¢, Õâ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÖØ¶¨Ïò±ê×¼
Êä³öºÍ±ê×¼´íÎóÊä³öµ½Ò»¸ö ÎļþÖÐ×öµ½. Äã¿ÉÒÔÈçÏÂÔËÐÐ X :
startx &> startx.out
ÆäËûÓÐÓõÄÐÅÏ¢ÊÇ, ¼ì²é X µÄ·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó, ¼ì²é .xinitrc(Èç¹û´æÔÚ), »òÕß¼ì²é ·¢Éú
´íÎóʱÕýÔÚÔËÐеÄÃüÁî.
E.8.7 ÎҵļüÅÌÓ³ÉäÔÚ X ϲ»ÄÜÕýÈ·µØ¹¤×÷. ÎÒ¸Ã×öʲô?
Èç¹ûʹÓà Metro-X, ÄãÐèÒª×÷ÈçϹ¤×÷
cd /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/xkb/keymap
cp xfree86 metro
Õâ¿ÉÒÔ½â¾ö´ó¶àÊýÒѾ·¢ÏÖµÄÎÊÌâ. µ«ÊÇÓÉÓÚһЩ XFree86 µÄÓ³Éä ÒѾÂäºóÓÚÏÖ´úµÄ
¼üÅÌ, Òò´ËÕâ²¢²»ÊÇÒ»¸öÍêÕûµÄ½â¾ö·½°¸. Èç¹ûÄãÒÀ
È» ´æÔÚ¼üÅÌÓ°ÉäÎÊÌâ, ÄÇôÐèҪʹÓà xmodmap ºÍ xev ÃüÁîÀ´½â¾öÎÊÌâ. Ç뽫ÕâЩ¾À
Õý´ëÊ©·¢Íù bugs@redhat.com ºÍ bugs@xfree86.org,
ÕâÑùËûÃǾͿÉÒÔÔÚÖ÷ÒªµÄ·¢Ðа汾ÖоÀÕýÕâЩÎÊÌâ.
E.8.8 ÎÒ·¢ÏÖÒ»¸ö´íÎó, ²»ÄÜ´ò¿ª libX . »òÕßÓÉÓÚ Ä³Ð©¿âÎļþµÄ¶ªÊ§, ÎÒ²»ÄܱàÒë
X Ó¦ÓóÌÐò.
Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ, ÕâЩ±ØÐëµÄ¿âÎļþ²¢Ã»Óа²×°. ÄãÐèÒª°²×°(»òÖØÐ°²×°)ÕâЩÈí¼þ°ü À´»ñµÃ
(±ØÐëµÄ¿âÎļþ).
²åÈë°²×°¹âÅÌ.
mount /mnt/cdrom
cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS
rpm -Uvh --force XFree86-devel* XFree86-libs* Xaw3d*
ÕâÑù¿ÉÒÔ°²×°´ó¶àÊýÄãÐèÒªµÄ X ¿âÎļþ. Èç¹ûÒÀÈ»³ö´í, ÄÇ˵Ã÷ ÎÒÃDz¢Ã»ÓÐÌṩÕâЩ
ÄãËùÐèÒªµÄ¿âÎļþ(qt,xforms, motif, µÈµÈ).
E.8.9 ÎÒÓÐÒ»¿é AGP µÄÏÔʾ¿¨. ϵͳÄÜÖ§³ÖËüÂð?
3.3.2ÒÔǰµÄ XFree86 ²»Ö§³Ö AGP ÏÔ¿¨. Èç¹û°²×°ÁË 3.3.2, Xconfigurator
½«ÏÔʾËüËùÖ§³ÖµÄ AGP ÏÔ¿¨. ×¢Òâ Red Hat Linux 5.1 ºÍÆä
ºóµÄ°æ±¾ÒѾ´øÓÐ XFree86 3.3.2(»ò¸ü¸ß°æ±¾).
Èç¹ûÄ㻹ûÓа汾3.3.2, ÄÇôÐèÒª¿¼ÂÇÉý¼¶µ½Õâ¸ö°æ±¾. Çë²Î¹ÛËûÃÇ(XFree86)µÄÍø
Ò³ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶àµÄÐÅÏ¢ /urlhttp://www.xfree86.org/ .
E.8.10 ÎҵļÆËã»úµÄÏÔ¿¨ÊÇʹÓà NeoMagic оƬ×é, ÔõÑùÈà X ¹¤×÷?
NeoMagic ÏÔ¿¨Ä¿Ç°²»Äܱ» Red Hat Linux's X ·þÎñÆ÷Ö§³Ö. ÕâÊÇÒòΪ NeoMagic
ÒªÇóÔÚÌṩ±à³ÌÐÅϢ֮ǰ, ±ØÐëÇ©Êð²»¹«¿ª(ÄÚÈÝ)µÄ Ð
Òé, Õâ¾ÍÅųýÁË·¢ÐÐÔ´ÂëµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ.
Xi Graphics' Accelerated X ÒѾ¿ÉÒÔÔÚÏ¥ÉÏÐÍ X ·þÎñÆ÷ÖÐÖ§³Ö NeoMagic о
Ƭ×é. ¿ÉÒÔµ½ËûÃǵÄÖ÷Ò³ /urlhttp://www.xig.com/ µÃµ½¸ü
¶à¹ØÓÚËûÃÇµÄ X ·þÎñÆ÷µÄÐÅÏ¢.
E.8.11 ÎÒÊÇ´Ó°æ±¾ 4.1(»ò¸üÔç)Éý¼¶µÄ, ÏÖÔÚÎÒÔËÐÐ startx, µ«ÊǼÆËã»úºÃÏñÒѾ
¹ÒÆð, Ö»ÓлÒÉ«µÄÆÁÄ».
Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÊÇÓÉÓÚÿһ¸öÓû§Ä¿Â¼ÖеÄ(.Xclients)ÎļþÒýÆð, ÆäÖÐ:
fvwm95-2 -cmd 'FvwmM4 -debug
/etc/X11/TheNextLevel/...'
µ«ÊÇ 5.0 Öв¢Ã»ÓаüÀ¨ËûÃÇµÄ window manager, Õâ¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÈçÏÂÃüÁî½â¾ö:
rm -f ~/.Xclients
(³¬¼¶Óû§ root ¿ÉÒÔ²ÉÓÃÈçÏÂÃüÁî½â¾öËùÓÐÓû§µÄÎÊÌâ):
rm -f /home/*/.Xclients
E.8.12 µ±ÎÒÆô¶¯ netscape ʱ, ÑÕÉ«ÏÔʾ²»ÕýÈ·, »òÕߵõ½Ò»Ð© ¹ØÓÚÑÕÉ«µÄ´íÎóÐÅ
Ï¢ºÍ¾¯¸æÐÅÏ¢.
Õâ¸öÎÊÌâÊÇÓÉÈçÏ´íÎóÒýÆð:
Cannot allocate colormap entry for default background.
ÔÒòÊDz»ÄÜΪӦÓóÌÐòÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÑÕÉ«Éî¶È(Ðí¶à16ºÍ256ɫӦÓ÷¢ÏÖÁËÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ). Äã
¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔÈçÏµķ½·¨½â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ:
1.ʹÓà -install Ñ¡ÏîÔËÐÐ netscape . ÓÉÓÚÐí¶àÑÕÉ«µÄÉÁ˸, ½«»áÏÔµÃÄÑ
¿´.
2.ʹÓà 15bpp »ò¸ü¸ßµÄÑÕÉ«Éî¶ÈÔËÐÐ X. Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈçϵÄÃüÁîÐÐÔËÐÐ
startx, ÒÔ»ñµÃ³¬¹ýȱʡ8λµÄÑÕÉ«Éî¶È.
startx -- -bpp 16
Èç¹û»¹²»Äܹ¤×÷, ²Î¿¼ÄãµÄ X Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÊÖ²á, Xconfigurator »òÉý¼¶Äã
µÄÏÔ¿¨.
E.8.13 ÎÒÓÐÒ»¸ö΢ÈíµÄ´®ÐÐÊó±ê, µ«ÊÇÔÚ Linux Ï ²»Äܹ¤×÷, ÎÒ¸Ã×öʲôÐÞÕýËü?
ÎÒÃÇ·¢ÏÖ 2.1A»ò¸ü¸ß°æ±¾µÄ΢Èí´®ÐÐÁ½¼üÊó±êÊÇÒ»ÖÖ'ÖÇÄÜ'Êó±ê. ¾¹ý²âÊÔ, ËüµÈ´ý
À´×Ô windows µÄ»½ÐÑÐźÅ, ·ñÔòËü²¢²»»ØÓ¦¼ÆËã»ú.
ËùÒÔ X »ò gpm ²»Äܹ¤×÷, ÒòΪÕâÖÖÊó±ê²¢²»°´ÕÕËûÃÇÆÚÍûµÄ·½Ê½·´Ó¦. ÈôÏ뻽ÐÑÕâÖÖ
ÀàÐ͵ÄÊó±ê, ÈÃËü¹¤×÷, Óм¸ÖÖ·½·¨. ʹÓÃ
mouseconfig ÔÚÔËÐÐ X ÒÔǰÉèÖôËÖÖÊó±ê.
mouseconfig --kickstart --device cuaX
X ÊÇ 0 (´®¿ÚÒ») »òÕß 1 (´®¿Ú¶þ)
ÁíÍâÒ»ÖÖ°ì·¨Êǰ²×° gpm-1.13, ´øËùʾ²ÎÊýÔËÐÐ gpm -t pnp -R, È»ºóÅäÖÃ
XFree86 ʹÓà /dev/gpmdata ×÷Ϊ(Êó±ê)É豸, ÔËÐÐ
MouseSystems ÐÒé.
E.9 ϵͳ¹ÜÀí
E.9.1 µ±ÎÒʹÓà usercfg Éú³ÉÁËÓû§ºó, (Éú³ÉµÄÓû§)²»ÄܵǼ .
usercfg ´æÔÚÒ»¸ö bug , ¾ÍÊǵ±Ê¹Óà usercfg ʱ, ÊäÈëµÄÓû§ÃÜÂë´Ó²»»á±»¼ÓÃÜ,
»òÕß Ö»ÊÇÔÚÃÜÂëÓòÖзÅÒ»¸öÐǺŠ. ÎÒÃÇÕýÔÚ½â¾öÕâ¸ö
ÎÊÌâ, µ«ÊÇĿǰ»¹Î´Íê³É .
µã»÷ÊäÈëÓò×ó±ßµÄ°´Å¥, Ñ¡Ôñ 'change' , È»ºóÔÚÊäÈëÓòÖÐÊäÈëÁ½´ÎÃÜÂë(ÿһ´Î¶¼ÓÃ
»Ø³µ½áÊø) .
ÁíÍâÒ»¸ö¿É¹©Ñ¡ÔñµÄ·½·¨ÊÇʹÓÃÃüÁîÐÐµÄ passwd ³ÌÐò .
E.9.2 PAM ÊÇʲô ? ΪʲôʹÓÃËü ?
PAM ÊÇÒ»¸öÆäËûϵͳ²ÉÓõıê×¼, ÀýÈç Solaris 2.6. Çë²Î¿¼
/urlhttp://www.redhat.com/linux-info/pam/ ÒÔ»ñµÃ¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚ PAM µÄ×ÊÁÏ
.
E.9.3 ÎÒÔõÑùÔÚ Linux ϵͳÉÌÉèÖð²È« shell(SSH) ?
¸ù¾ÝÃÀ¹úÕþ¸®°ä²¼µÄÏÞÖÆ·¨Áî, Red Hat Linux ²»ÄÜ·¢²¼ ssh. ²»¹ýÄã¿ÉÒÔ ÔÚÕ¾µã
ftp.replay.com ÏÂÔØ´óÁ¿µÄ ssh ºÍ PGP .
E.9.4 Ϊʲô Linux Ö»ÄÜ·¢ÏÖÎҵļÆËã»úµÄ²¿·ÖÄÚ´æ ?
Linux ²»ÄÜ·¢ÏÖÈ«²¿ÄÚ´æµÄÔÒò¶àÖÖ¶àÑù. ÔÚijЩ 386 Ö÷»úÉÏ, ÄãÐèÒª¼¤»î 'Limit
memory to 16M'Ñ¡ÏîÀ´±àÒëÄÚºË.
ÔÚ´ó¶àÊýϵͳÖÐ, ÔÒòÊÇBIOSÔÚ֪ͨ²Ù×÷ϵͳÄÚ´æÊýÁ¿Ê±´æÔÚÏÞÖÆ, ¼´Ê¹ÄãµÄ Ö÷°å¿É
ÒÔÈÝÄɸü¶àµÄÄÚ´æ, Ò²ÊÇÒ»ÑùÏÞÖÆ. ͨ³£ÕâÖÖÏÞÖÆÊÇ
16M, 32M, 64M, 128M. ΪÁ˽â¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâ, ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±Ã÷È·µØ¸æËßÄں˵±Ç°
ÄÚ´æµÄÊýÁ¿, ͨ¹ý²ÎÊý mem=< ʵ¼ÊÄÚ´æÊýÁ¿> .
ÈçϵÄÀý×ÓÖÐ, ÎÒÃÇÓÐһ̨ 32M ÄÚ´æµÄ¼ÆËã»ú, µ« Linux Ö»ÄÜ·¢ÏÖ 16M . ÔÚ LILO
Ìáʾ·ûÏÂ, ÎÒÃǼüÈë :
LILO: linux mem=32M
¼ÆËã»úÆô¶¯ºó, ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà free ÃüÁî²ì¿´ÄÚºËÊÇ·ñʶ±ð³ö¸ü¶àµÄÄÚ´æ. Èç¹ûÒѾʶ
±ð³ö, ÎÒÃÇÐèÒªÔÚ /etc/lilo.conf ÖмÓÈëÒ»ÐÐ, ÖØ
ÐÂÔËÐÐ lilo ÒÔÈÃËüÓÀ¾Ã¸Ä±ä. ÏÂÃæÊÇÒ»¸ö(/etc/lilo.confµÄ)Àý×Ó.
boot=/dev/sda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.32
label=linux
root=/dev/sda1
initrd=/boot/initrd-2.0.32.img
read-only
append="mem=32M"
ÔÚ±à¼Îļþ(/etc/lilo.conf)ºó, ²»ÒªÍü¼ÇÔËÐÐ lilo .
E.9.5 Îҵı¼ÌÚ»ò¸üºÃµÄÖ÷»úÓг¬¹ý 64M µÄÄÚ´æ, µ«ÊÇËüÔËÐÐÈκγÌÐò¶¼ºÜÂý . µ±ÎÒ
ʹÓòÎÊý mem=64M ֪ͨ
Linux ֻʹÓà 64M ÄÚ´æÊ±, ËüµÄËÙ¶ÈÌá¸ßÁË. ÕâÊÇΪʲô ? ÎÒÄܽâ¾öÕâ¸öÎÊÌâÂð ?
ÕâÊÇÒ»¸öÓйØ(»º´æ)ÃüÖÐÂʺÍÄÚ´æµÄÎÊÌâ. һЩÖ÷°åÔÚʹÓó¬¹ý 64M µÄÄÚ´æÊ±²¢²»Ê¹ÓÃ
Íⲿ»º´æ. ÕâÑùϵͳËÙ¶È»áÃ÷ÏÔµØÂýÏÂÀ´, ²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ
ûÓÐʲô°ì·¨½â¾ö´ËÎÊÌâ. ÆäËû¿ÉÄÜÇé¿öÊÇÄãµÄÖ÷°åÖ»ÓÐ 256K µÄ»º´æ, È´Óг¬¹ý 64M
µÄÄÚ´æ. ÕâʱÄã¿ÉÒÔÔö¼Ó(Ö÷°åµÄ)»º´æµ½512K, ÉõÖÁ
1M, Ò²ÐíÎÊÌ⠾ͿÉÒÔ½â¾öÁË .
E.9.6 ÎÒµÄϵͳÊÇ Red Hat 5.0, ÒѾÉý¼¶µ½¿±Îó±íÖÐÁгö µÄ ld.so RPM °ü. µ«
ÊÇÎÒʹÓà libc5 µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÒÀÈ»
²úÉú 'seg fault'. ʲôµØ·½´íÁË ?
ʹ libc5 Ó¦ÓóÌÐò²»ÄÜÔËÐеÄÎÊÌâ¹ØÏµµ½¼¸¸ö·½Ãæ .
1.ÔÚÉý¼¶Ç°»òÉý¼¶ºó, Éý¼¶¹ý³Ì²¢Î´Ê¹Ä³Ò»¸öÆäËû°æ±¾µÄ libc ×÷·Ï²»ÓÃ, »ò
Õß ½« lib5 ¿â·ÅÔÚÒ»¸öÒýÆð³åÍ»µÄµØ·½.
×öÈçϹ¤×÷, ¿´¿´ÊÇ·ñÊÇÕâ¸öÔÒòÒýÆðÎÊÌâ :
rpm -qa | grep libc
ËüÓ¦¸Ã²úÉúÈçÏÂÊä³öÐÅÏ¢ :
glibc-devel-2.0.5c-12
libc-5.3.12-24
glibc-debug-2.0.5c-12
rpm-2.4.10-1glibc
rpm-devel-2.4.10-1glibc
glibc-profile-2.0.5c-12
glibc-2.0.5c-12
Èç¹ûÄã¿´µ½ libc-debug-5.3.12-18 »ò libc-5.4.44-2, ÄãÐèÒªÒÆ
È¥ÕâЩ°ü (rpm -e libc-debug), È»ºóÔËÐÐ ldconfig -v
2.ÄãµÄ /etc/ld.so.conf ÎļþÉèÖò»ÕýÈ·. ΪÕýÈ·µØ×°ÔØ, ÄãµÄ
/etc/ld.so.conf ÎļþÄÚÈÝÓ¦¸Ã°´ÕÕÈçÏÂËùʾ˳Ðò :
/usr/i486-linuxaout/lib
/usr/i486-linux-libc5/lib
/usr/openwin/lib
/usr/X11R6/lib
E.9.7 µ±ÎÒÔËÐÐ fstool, ÎÒ¿´µ½Ò»ÌõÐÅϢ˵ Ò»¸ö·ÖÇøËÆºõÒѾɾ³ýÁË, ²¢Ñ¯ÎÊÎÒÊÇ
·ñÐèÒª½«Ëü´Ó /etc/fstab ÖÐ
ÒÆÈ¥.
fstool ³ÌÐò²»ÄÜͬµ±Ç°°æ±¾µÄ tcl Ò»Æð¹¤×÷, Ëü²»Ó¦¸ÃÔÙ±»Ê¹ÓÃ. Ö»ÊÇÓÉÓÚijЩ²î´í,
ʹËüËæ±¾°æ±¾Ò»Æð·¢ÐÐ.
ÓÉÓÚ fstool Ò²ÐíÒÑ¾ÆÆ»µÁËÄãµÄ /etc/fstab , ËùÒÔÊ×ÏÈÐÞ¸´Ëü. fstool ¾³£¸Ä
¶¯µÄ²¿·ÖÊÇ cdrom ºÍ swap. ÕâÀïÊÇÒ»¸öÀý×Ó(ÄãÐèÒª ÐÞ
¸Ä·ÖÇøÒÔÊÊÓ¦ÄãµÄϵͳ).
/dev/sda2 swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0
ÏÖÔÚ, ʹÓà rpm ÒÆÈ¥ fstool.
rpm -e fstool
ÇëʹÓÃÁíÒ»¸öÀàËÆ¹¦ÄܵijÌÐò cabaret. ËüλÓÚ /usr/sbin/cabaret, ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÃüÁî
ÐÐÔËÐÐ.
E.9.8 ÎÒÈçºÎÔÚ Linux ÏÂÅäÖà Jaz Çý¶¯Æ÷ ?
¹ØÓÚÔÚ Linux ÏÂʹÓà Jaz Çý¶¯Æ÷µÄÎĵµÔÚ cdrom µÄĿ¼ doc/HOWTO/mini/Jaz-
Drive ÏÂ, »òÕßÒѾ°²×°ÏµÍ³µÄĿ¼
/usr/doc/HOWTO/mini/Jaz-Drive ÏÂ.
E.9.9 ÎÒÈçºÎʹÓÃÎҵIJ¢ÐпÚÇý¶¯zipÇý¶¯Æ÷ ?
Äã¿ÉÒÔ³¢ÊÔÈçϲ½Öè: ±à¼ /etc/conf.modules, ¼ÓÈëÈçϵÄÐÐ
alias scsi_hostadapter ppa
Èç¹ûÄãÏëÏò ppa Çý¶¯³ÌÐò´«µÝһЩ²ÎÊý, ¿ÉÒÔ¼ÓÈëÈçϵÄÐÐ:
options ppa ppa=<²ÎÊýÉèÖÃ>
Èç¹ýÄãÒª»ñµÃ¸ü¶àÐÅÏ¢, Çëµ½ www.torque.net/paraport
E.9.10 ÎÒ²»ÄÜʹÓà IDE ½Ó¿ÚµÄ zip Çý¶¯Æ÷.
Ê×Ïȼì²é²¢È·ÈÏÇý¶¯Æ÷ÖÐÒѾ²åÈëÁËÒ»ÕÅÅÌ. ͬÑù, È·ÈÏÄã°²×°ÁËµÚ 4 ·ÖÇø¶ø²»ÊÇµÚ 1
·ÖÇø. ÀýÈç hdc4 .¼Ù¶¨ËüÊǵÚËÄ·ÖÇøµÄÔÒòÊÇ MAC
SCSI ʹÓÃ(zipµÄ)·ÖÇøÎªÖ÷·ÖÇø.
E.9.11 ÎÒÒÔǰµÄһЩӦÓóÌÐòµÄʱ¼ä·¢Éú´íÎó .
һЩ libc5 Ó¦ÓÃÐèÒª /usr/lib/zoneinfo, ËùÒÔÄã»òÕßʹÓà libc6 ÖØÐ±àÒë, »ò
Õß×öÒ»¸ö·ûºÅÁ¬½Ó, ÕâÑùËüÃǽԿÉÒÔÕýÈ·¹¤×÷.
ln -s ../share/zoneinfo /usr/lib/zoneinfo
Çë²Î¼û Red Hat ¿±Îó±í (www.redhat.com/errata) , ÒԵõ½ÆäËû·½·¨.
E.9.12 ÎÒÒѾ°²×°ÁËËùÓеĸüгÌÐò, µ«ÊÇÎҵijÌÐòÒÀÈ»µÃµ½´íÎóµÄʱ¼ä.
Èç¹ûÄãÒѾ°²×°ÁËËùÓеĸüгÌÐò, µ«ÄãµÄ³ÌÐòÒÀÈ»(ʱ¼ä)ÒÀÈ»³ö´í, ¼ì²éÒ»ÏÂ
/etc/sysconfig/clock ÖеÄÉèÖÃ. ËüÃÇ¿´ÆðÀ´´ó¸ÅÏñÕâÑù:
UTC=true
ARC=false
Õâ˵Ã÷ÄãµÄ Linux ¼ÙÉèÄãµÄBIOSʱÖÓÊÇÊôÓÚ UTC »òÕß GMT Ê±Çø. ºÜÓпÉÄܵÄÊÇ
(BIOS)ʱÖÓÉèÖÃΪ±¾µØÊ±Çø, Òò´ËÄãÐèÒªÐÞ¸Ä UTC ÐÐΪ:
UTC=false
E.9.13 °²×°¹ý³ÌÖÐ, ÎÒ²¢Ã»Óб»ÒªÇóʹÓõڶþÕŹâÅÌ. µ±ÎÒʹÓà X ³ÌÐò 'glint' ʱ,
Ëü˵ûÓÐ 'rpms', µ«ÊÇÎÒ
ÔÚĿ¼Öз¢ÏÖÁË´óÁ¿µÄ 'rpms'. ÕâʱʲôÔÒò ?
Red Hat Linux ÖеĵڶþÕŹâÅÌÖк¬ÓÐËùÓеĿª·ÅÔ´´úÂëÓ¦ÓÃÔ´³ÌÐò. ͨ¹ýÕâЩԴ´úÂë
rpms(SRPMS), Äã¿ÉÒÔÖØ½¨ËùÓÐÕâЩӦÓÃ.
glint ²»ÄÜ·¢ÏÖÕâЩ SRPMS µÄÔÒòÊÇËüÃDz¢²»´æ·ÅÓÚ RPM Êý¾Ý¿âÖÐ. ÕâÑùÈôÏëÖªµÀ
src.rpm ÊÇ·ñ°²×°¹ý»òÊÇ·ñÕýÔÚ¸²¸ÇÒ»¸ö½ÏÔçµÄ°æ±¾¼¸
ºõÊDz»¿ÉÄܵÄ. Òò´ËÄãÐèҪʹÓÃÆÕͨµÄ rpm °²×°ËüÃÇ.
rpm -ivh < ÎļþÃû³Æ > ½«Ô´´úÂë°²×°µ½ SRPM ά»¤ÕßʹÓõÄĿ¼ÖÐ. ȱʡµÄ
src.rpms °üµÄ°²×°Ä¿Â¼(Red Hat)ÊÇ
/usr/src/redhat .
ÖØ½¨ºÍ¸Ä½ø rpms ÒѾ³¬¹ýÁ˱¾½â´ðµÄ·¶Î§. ²Î¿¼Êé 'Maximum RPM' ºÍ man pages
½«ÊǸüºÃµÄ×ÊÁÏ.
E.9.14 Linux ʶ±ð³öÁËÎÒµÄ CDROM, µ«Êǵ±ÎÒ³¢ÊÔ°²×°Ëüʱ, ȴʧ°ÜÁË, ÎÒ¸ÃÔõô
°ì ?
Èç¹ûÄãµÄϵͳ°²×°ÊÇÕýÈ·µÄ»°, ÄÇô¼òµ¥µØ¼üÈë mount /mnt/cdrom ¾ÍÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔ¹¤×÷
ÁË. Èç¹û²»ÊÇÕâÑù, Äã±ØÐë±à¼ /etc/fstab Îļþ. Õâ
ÊÇÒ»¸ö /etc/fstab µÄÀý×Ó:
/dev/hdc /mnt/cdrom iso9660 noauto,ro 0 0
CD-ROM device) (directory) (filesystem type and options)
/proc/pci
ÄãµÄÓ²¼þµÃ¾«È·ÃèÊö. Ïë°ì·¨ÕÒ³öδ֪µÄÓ²¼þ. ËüÒ²ÐíÊÇ Ö÷°åÉϵÄоƬ×é,
PCI-CPU ÇÅ»òÕß PCI-ISA ÇÅ.
Èç¹ûÄã²»ÄÜÔÚÓ²¼þÊÖ²áÖÐÕÒµ½Ã÷È·µÄÐÅÏ¢, ³¢ÊÔ¶ÁÒ»ÏÂÖ÷°åоƬָÄÏ.
E.9.18 ÏÖÔÚµ±ÎҵļÆËã»úÆô¶¯Ê±, LILO ȱʡÉèÖÃÊÇÆô¶¯ Linux. ÎÒÏ£Íû(LILO)ȱ
Ê¡Æô¶¯ÆäËû²Ù×÷ϵͳ. ÎÒÔõÑù×ö?
ÈôÏë¸Ä±äȱʡÆô¶¯µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ, ÄãÐèÒªÐèÒªÐÞ¸ÄÎļþ /etc/lilo.conf, ¸Ä±ä¸÷¸ö²Ù×÷
ϵͳµÄ˳Ðò. ÔÚÏÂÃæµÄÀý×ÓÖÐ, ÎÒÃÇÑÝʾÁËÈçºÎ¸Ä±äÆô
¶¯µÄ˳Ðò, ʹ DOS È¡´ú Linux ³ÉΪȱʡµÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ.
pico /etc/lilo.conf
# ÕâÀïʹÔÀ´µÄÎļþ
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.31
label=linux
root=/dev/hda2
read-only
other = /dev/hda1
label = dos
table = /dev/hda
# ÏÂÃæÊÇÐ޸ĺóµÄÎļþ:
boot=/dev/hda
map=/boot/map
install=/boot/boot.b
prompt
timeout=50
other = /dev/hda1
label = dos
table = /dev/hda
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.0.31
label=linux
root=/dev/hda2
read-only
±£´æÄãµÄÎļþ, Í˳ö±à¼Æ÷. ÔËÐÐÃüÁî:
/sbin/lilo -v
Ð޸ĺóµÄ lilo ÒѾдµ½Æô¶¯É豸ÖÐ. ÔÚÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌÖÐ, DOS È¡´úÁË Linux ³ÉΪȱʡÆô
¶¯µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳ, ÁíÍâÔÚÆô¶¯Ê±, ÓÐ 50 ÃëµÄÑÓʱ, ͬʱ
ÌáʾÄã¿ÉÒÔ Ñ¡ÔñÆô¶¯ Linux.
E.9.19 ÎÞÂÛʲôÔÒò, ÎÒÏÖÔÚÐèÒª½øÈë rescue ģʽ ÒÔ±à¼Ò»¸öÎļþ. µ«ÊÇ±à¼Æ÷
¸æËßÎÒ 'unknown window
type'. µ±ÎÒ½øÈë rescue ģʽʱ, ÎÒÔõÑù²Å¿ÉÒÔ±à¼Îļþ ?
ÔÚÑ¡ÔñÁË rescue ģʽ²¢»Ø´ðÁ˼¸¸öÎÊÌâºó, Äã»á¼ûµ½ root Ìáʾ·û(#). ÄãÐèÒªÏñ±¾
ÀýÖÐÒ»Ñù°²×° Linux ·ÖÇø. ÏÂÃæÑÝʾÖеķÖÇøÖ»ÊÇÒ»
¸öÀý×Ó. Äã¿ÉÒÔ¸ù¾ÝÄãµÄϵͳÐÞ¸ÄËûÃÇ(sda1,sdb1,hda5,µÈµÈ).
mkdir /mnt
mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
cd /mnt/etc
export TERMCAP=/mnt/etc/termcap
vi filename
»òÕß, Èç¹ûÄãÐèҪʹÓÃÒ»¸ö²»Í¬µÄ±à¼Æ÷, ÀýÈç pico, ÄãÒ²ÐíÐèÒª chroot /mnt.
E.10 ÍøÂç¹ÜÀí
E.10.1 Linux ²»Äܼì²âµ½ÎÒµÄ NE2000 ¼æÈÝÍø¿¨.
ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÒѾ·¢ÏÖһЩ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ½ÏÔç°æ±¾ÄÚºËÖй¤×÷µÄ NE2000 Íø¿¨²»ÄÜÔÚÐ嵀 2.0.X
°æ±¾µÄÄÚºËÖй¤×÷ . ¶ÔÓÚÆäÖеÄһЩÀ´Ëµ, ÏÂÃæµÄ¹¤
×÷Ò²ÐíÓÐÓà .
Äã¿ÉÒÔ°´ÕÕÈçÏ·½·¨³¢ÊÔÊ¹Íø¿¨¹¤×÷ :
insmod 8390
insmod ne io=0xXXX irq=Y
(×¢ÊÍ: ÓÃÄãµÄÍø¿¨µÄ IO µØÖ·ºÍÖжϲÎÊýÌæ´ú XXXX ºÍ Y . ´ó²¿·Ö¾³£Ê¹ÓÃµÄ IO µØ
Ö·ÊÇ 0x300 »ò 0x310 . ÖжϵÄÖµ¿ÉÄÜÊÇÈÎÒâÔÊÐíµÄ
Öµ .)
È»ºó, ʹÓà netcfg »ò ifconfig ÅäÖÃÍø¿¨ . ÓÐʱºò, ¼´Ê¹Íø¿¨ÒѾʶ±ð³ö, ÈÔÈ»
Óб¨¸æËµ Íø¿¨²»ÄÜ´«ËÍ TCP/IP ÐÒé°ü . ÕâÐèÒª¾¹ý²â
ÊÔ .
Èç¹ûÍø¿¨¿ªÊ¼¹¤×÷ÁË, ½«Ëü¼ÓÈ뵽ģ¿éÎļþ /etc/conf.modules ÖÐ. ¿´ÆðÀ´Ó¦¸ÃÏñ
ÏÂÃæ¼¸ÐÐ :
alias eth0 8390
alias eth0 ne
options eth0 io=0xXXX irq=Y
E.10.2 ÎÒ°²×°ÁË Linux, ×î³õËü¿´ÆðÀ´ÔÚÆô¶¯¹ý³ÌÖÐ, µ«ÊÇËüÔÚ Óöµ½Ãû½Ð
'sendmail' µÄ³ÌÐòʱֹͣÁË, È»ºóϵ
ͳºÃÏñÒѾ¹ÒÆðÁË(ÎÞ·´Ó¦) . ·¢ÉúÁËʲô ? ÎÒ¸Ã×öʲô ?
Èç¹û°²×°Íê±Ïºó, ¼ÆËã»úÖØÆôÔÚÔËÐÐij¼¸¸öÌØ¶¨³ÌÐò, ÖîÈç sendmail, apache, »ò
SMB ʱ¹ÒÆð, ÕâÒ²ÐíÊÇÒòÎªÍøÂçÎÊÌâ . ×îͨ³£µÄÔÒòÊÇ
Linux ²»Äܲéѯµ½ÄãµÄÖ÷»úÃû(Èç¹ûÄãÉèÖÃÍøÂçʱ, ÉèÖÃÁËÖ÷»úÃû). ¼ÆËã»úÕýÔڵȴý
DNS ·´²éÓòÃûµÄÍøÂ糬ʱ, ×îÖÕËü»áÆô¶¯ login Ìáʾ
·û . ÒÔ root Óû§Éí·ÝµÇ¼, ¼ì²é¸÷·½ÃæµÄÎÊÌâ .
Èç¹ûÄãÖ±½ÓÁ¬½ÓÔÚÒ»¸ö¾ßÓÐ DNS ·þÎñÆ÷µÄÍøÉÏ, ¼ì²éÎļþ /etc/resolv.conf ÖÐÊÇ
·ñº¬ÓÐ DNS ·þÎñÆ÷µÄÕýÈ·µØÖ· . ѯÎÊÄãµÄϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±µØ
Ö·ÊÇ·ñÕýÈ· .
Èç¹ûÄãËùÔÚµÄÍøÂç²»´æÔÚ DNS ·þÎñÆ÷(»òÕßÄãµÄÕą̂¼ÆËã»ú±¾Éí¾Í´òËã×ö DNS ·þÎñÆ÷),
ÄÇôÄãÐèÒª±à¼ /etc/hosts Îļþ, ʹËü°üÀ¨±¾Ö÷
»úÃûºÍIPµØÖ·, ÕâÑùÖ÷»úÃûµÄ·´²é¿É³É¹¦½øÐÐ . /etc/hosts ÎļþµÄ¸ñʽÏñÈçÏÂÀý×Ó
ÖÐËùʾ :
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain
192.168.200.1 mymachine mymachine.mynetwork.net
±¾ÀýÖеÄÖ÷»úÃû³ÆÎª mymachine .
E.10.3 ÎÒÒѾÉý¼¶µ½ 5.0 , sendmail ²»ÔÙÏñÒÔǰһÑù´«ËÍÓʼþ .¸Ã×öʲô ?
ÓÉÓÚ¶à·½ÃæµÄµç×ÓÓʼþÉÌʹÓÃδ֪µÄ Red Hat ϵͳ·¢ËÍÓʼþºÍһЩÆäËûÎÊÌâ, ÔÚ 5.0
ÖÐ, ÎÒÃǽ«(²»×÷ΪÓʼþ´«µÝÕß)×÷ΪȱʡѡÏî .
Äã¿ÉÒÔ½«ÄãÔÊÐí´«µÝÓʼþµÄϵͳÃû³Æ¼ÓÈëµ½Îļþ
/etc/relay_allow. web Õ¾µã
/urlhttp://www.informatik.uni-kiel.de/%7Eca/email/check.html
½«¸æËßÄã¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚÕâ·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢ .
Èç¹ûÄãÏ£ÍûijЩ·¢ËÍÀ¬»øÓʼþµÄÕ¾µã²»ÄÜ·ÃÎʵ½ÄãµÄ¼ÆËã»ú, Äã¿ÉÒÔʹÓà sendmail µÄ
һЩÐÂÌØÐÔ ¾Ü¾øËûÃǵķÃÎÊ . ½«ÕâЩվµãµÄµØÖ·¼Ó
Èëµ½Îļþ /etc/mail/deny ÖÐ, È»ºóΪËüÉú³ÉÒ»¸öÉ¢Áбí .
ÏÂÃæµÄÃüÁî¿ÉÒÔÉú³ÉÕâÖÖÉ¢Áбí .
makemap -v hash /etc/mail/deny < /etc/mail/deny
E.10.4 ÎÒÒѾ°²×°ÁË Linux, ÖØÐ±àÒëÁËÄÚºË, µ«ÊÇÔÚÍøÂçÆô¶¯Ê±, ÎÒÓöµ½ÁË´íÎó,
Ëü˵²»Í¬µÄ net-pf Ä£¿éδÕÒ
µ½ . ·¢ÉúÁËʲô ? ÎÒ¸Ã×öʲô ?
Õâ˵Ã÷ Linux ²»ÄÜÕÒµ½²»Í¬ÍøÂçÐÒéµÄÄ£¿é . ͨ³£ÕâЩģ¿éÊÇ net-pf-4 (IPX) ºÍ
net-pf-5 (appletalk). ¿´ÆðÀ´ºÃÏñÖØÐ±àÒëÄÚºËʱ,
ÕâЩģ¿é²¢Î´°üÀ¨, ¶øÓÐЩ·þÎñ³ÌÐò Æô¶¯Ê±ÔÚѰÕÒËûÃÇ .
Ê×Ïȼì²éÄãÊÇ·ñÓÐÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÔÚʹÓÃËûÃÇ(mars-nwe, nettalk, µÈµÈ). Èç¹ûÓдËÀà³Ì
Ðò, ÄÇôÄã»òÊÇÖØÐ±àÒëÄں˽«ÕâЩÐÒéÄ£¿é°üÀ¨½øÀ´,
»òÊǹرմËÀà·þÎñ³ÌÐò .
Èç¹ûÄãÒÀÈ»¿´µ½ net-pf ´íÎó, ÄÇô¿ÉÒÔ°´ÕÕÈçÏ·½·¨ÐÞÕýËü .
cd /etc
vi conf.modules
¼ÓÈëÈçÏÂÐе½ÎļþÖÐ:
alias net-pf-3 off
alias net-pf-4 off
alias net-pf-5 off
ÕâÑùÆô¶¯Ê±, ÄÇЩÐÅÏ¢²»»áÔÙ³öÏÖ, ÒòΪ Linux ÒѾ֪µÀÕâЩÐÒéÄ£¿éÒѾ¹Ø±Õ, ²»
ÐèÒªËÑË÷ËüÃÇ .
E.10.5 ÎÒÈçºÎÅäÖò¦³ö PPP Internet Á¬½Ó·þÎñ?
ÕâЩվµãÓÐ×ÅÓÅÐãµÄ PPP ×ÊÁÏ ..
http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl/PPP-Tips/PPP-
Tips.html
http://www.redhat.com/support/docs/rhl/Dialup-Tips/Dialup-
Tips.html
ÁíÍâ, X ´°¿ÚϵͳÖеĿØÖưåÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö¹¤¾ß netcfg, Ëü¿ÉÒÔÅäÖÃÄãµÄ modem .
ͨ¹ý(X)¿ØÖÆÃæ°åÅäÖà PPP, ÈçÏ :
µã»÷ 'Network Configuration'
µã»÷ 'Interfaces' (ÔÙÃæ°åÌõµÄÉϲ¿)
È»ºóµã»÷ 'Add'
Ñ¡Ôñ PPP ºóµã»÷ 'Ok'
ÊäÈë "#", "name" and "password"
µã»÷ 'Customize'
½øÈë 'Networking' , Èç¹ûÓÐÒ»¸ö'¶¯Ì¬ IP ' ,Ñ¡Ôñ 'defaultroute' , ·ñ
ÔòÊäÈëÄãµÄ IP ÐÅÏ¢
È»ºóµã»÷ 'Done' ´æ´¢ÅäÖà .
Ö®ºó, ϵͳ½«ÏÔʾÄãµÄ interface table .
ppp-list@redhat.com Ò²ÊÇÓÐÓÃµÄ .
E.10.6 ÎÒÈçºÎÈÃ·Ç root Óû§Ò²¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯ PPP Á¬½Ó ?
ʹÓà netcfg Ϊ·Ç root Óû§ÉèÖà PPP ·þÎñ . È»ºó·Ç root Óû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÈçÏÂÃüÁî
Æô¶¯ PPP :
/usr/sbin/usernetctl ifcfg-ppp0 up
E.10.7 ÎÒµÄϵͳһֱ¶ªÊ§ËüµÄÍøÂç·ÓÉÐÅÏ¢ .
ÄãËùÃèÊöµÄÎÊÌâÒ²ÐíÊÇÒòΪÔÚÄãµÄµÄϵͳÖÐÔËÐÐÁË 'gated' µÄÔÒò . ÔÚÕýÈ·µÄÅäÖÃÖÐ,
Ëü¿ÉÒÔÆô¶¯²¢°´ÕÕÐèҪֹͣ .³ý·ÇÄãÒѾÅäÖÃÁËËü
µÄÆô¶¯Îļþ, ²¢ÇÒÔËÐÐÒ»¸ö·ÓÉÆ÷, ·ñÔòÓ¦µ«¹Ø±ÕËü ( ÎÒÃǺܱ§Ç¸, ÒòΪ·¢Ðа汾ÖÐȱ
Ê¡ÉèÖà ÊǼ¤»îËü, ÒÔºó·¢Ðеİ汾Öн«¹Ø±ÕËü). Çë
°´ÕÕÈçÏ·½·¨¹Ø±Õ gated :
/usr/sbin/ntsysv
disable gated
quit ntsysv
È»ºó, ×îÖÜÈ«µÄ·½·¨ÊÇÖØÐÂÆô¶¯ÏµÍ³, ÒòΪ gated Ò²ÐíÒѾÈÃÍøÂçÒ»ÍÅÔã . Èç¹û(ÖØ
ÐÂÆô¶¯)²»¿ÉÄÜ, Çë°´ÈçÏ·½·¨×ö :
/etc/rc.d/init.d/gated stop
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart
E.11 ´òÓ¡»ú¹ÜÀí
E.11.1 ÎÒÔÚÅäÖÃÎҵĴòÓ¡»úʱÓöµ½ÁËÂé·³ . ÎҵĴòÓ¡»ú²»ÔÚ´òÓ¡»úÅäÖù¤¾ßµÄÁбí
ÖÐ .
ÓÉÓÚÊÚȨÎÊÌâ, ÎÒÃDz»ÄÜ·¢ÐÐ×îÐ嵀 ghostscript . µ«Äã¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÈçϵÄÕ¾µãÖÐÏÂÔØ :
http://www.users.dircon.co.uk/~typhoon/
×îа汾µÄ ghostscript Ö§³Ö¸ü¶àµÄ´òÓ¡»úÐͺŠ.
E.11.2 ÎÒÓÐһ̨ Canon BJC ´òÓ¡»ú, Ëü²»ÄÜÕýÈ·µØ´òÓ¡ .
Èç¹ûÄãÓÐһ̨ Canon BJC ´òÓ¡»ú, Ëü²»ÄÜÔÚ Red Hat Linux 5.0 Ϲ¤×÷, Äã¿ÉÒÔ
³¢ÊÔ±à¼Îļþ /var/spool/lpd/lp/postscript.cfg. ½«ÏÂ
ÃæµÄÐÐ×¢Ê͵ô:
COLOR=-dBitsPerPixel=1
¶ÔÓÚһЩ Canon BJC ´òÓ¡»úµÄÓû§È·ÓÐʵЧ .
E.11.3 µ±ÎÒ´òӡʱ, ÓÐЩÐб»½Ø¶ÏÁË .
һЩ´òÓ¡»úÔÚ´òӡʱ½« ASCII ÂëÐнضÏ, ÕâÊÇ´ó¶àÊý´òÓ¡»ú´¦Àí¹ý³¤µÄÐеķ½Ê½ . ´ý
´òÓ¡µÄÎı¾ÐèҪʹÓÃijÖÖ¸ñʽ»¯Îı¾µÄ¹¤¾ß, ÀýÈç
'pr' »òÕß 'mpage' .
E.12 ¸½Â¼ [sic]
E.12.1 Red Hat FTP Õ¾µãËÙ¶ÈÌ«Âý, ÓоµÏñÕ¾µãÂð ?
ÊǵÄ, ÓÐÐí¶à Red Hat Èí¼þµÄ¾µÏñÕ¾µã . ×îеÄÁбíÔÚÕ¾µã
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/MIRRORS.html.
¸½Â¼ F Red Hat Linux/SPARCµÄÌØ±ðÐÅÏ¢
±¾¸½Â¼ÃèÊöRed Hat Linux/SPARCºÍRed Hat Linux/IntelÔÚ°²×°ÉϵIJ»Í¬. ÔÄ
¶ÁÁË ÕâЩ²»Í¬, Äú½«·¢ÏÖ¸üÈÝÒ×Àí½âµÚ2, 3, 4, and 5ÕÂ.
ÁíÍâ, »¹ÓÐÒ»¸öLinux/SPARCµÄÖ÷Ò³ÔÚ
http://www.geog.ubc.ca/s_linux.html.
F.1 Supported Hardware
F.2 Installation Overview
F.3 Console Commands
F.4 Ramdisk-based Installation Criteria
F.5 Choosing a Boot Method
F.6 Choosing an Installation Method
F.7 Installation Using a Serial Terminal
F.8 Installation: Selecting System Components
F.9 SILO Configuration
F.10 Partitioning
F.11 X Windows
F.1 Supported Hardware
[ÂÔ]
F.2 Installation Overview
[ÂÔ]
F.3 Console Commands
--
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